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PagMYB128 regulates secondary cell w.ll formation by direct activation of cell w.ll biosynthetic genes during w.od formation in poplar

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第8期66卷 1658-1674页

作者： Yuanyuan Hao Fachuang Lu Seung-w.n Pyo Min-Ha Kim Jae-Heung Ko Xiaojing Yan john Ralph Quanzi Li State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Department of Biochemistry and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Wisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonWisconsin 53726USA Department of Plant&Environmental New.Resources Kyung Hee UniversityYongin 17104Korea

The biosynthesis of cellulose,lignin,and hemicelluloses in plant secondary cell w.lls(SCw.)is regulated by a hierarchical transcriptional regulatory *** netw.rk features orthologous transcription factors shared betw.en poplar and Arabidopsis,highlighting a foundational similarity in their genetic ***,know.edge on the discrepant behavior of the transcriptional-level molecular regulatory mechanisms betw.en poplar and Arabidopsis remains *** this study,w. investigated the function of PagMYB128 during w.od formation and found it had broader impacts on SCw.formation compared to its Arabidopsis ortholog,*** poplar trees overexpressing PagMYB128 exhibited significantly enhanced xylem development,w.th fiber cells and vessels displaying thicker w.lls,and an increase in the levels of cellulose,lignin,and hemicelluloses in the *** contrast,plants w.th dominant repression of PagMYB128 demonstrated the opposite *** sequencing and reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction show.d that PagMYB128 could activate SCw.biosynthetic gene expression,and chromatin immunoprecipitation along w.th yeast one-hybrid,and effector–reporter assays show.d this regulation w.s *** analysis revealed that PagSND1(SECONDARY w.LL-ASSOCIATED NAC-DOMAIN PROTEIN1)directly regulates PagMYB128 but not cell w.ll metabolic genes,highlighting the pivotal role of PagMYB128 in the SND1-driven regulatory netw.rk for w.od development,thereby creating a feedforw.rd loop in SCw.biosynthesis.

关键词： cellulose hemicellulose lignin PagMYB128 Populus transcription factor w.od formation

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Geothermal extraction performance in fractured granite from Gonghe Basin,Qinghai province,China:Long-term injection and production experiment

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

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Rock Mechanics Bulletin 2024年第2期3卷 111-123页

作者： Haiyan Zhu Shijie Chen Qiang Fu Peng Zhao john D.McLennan State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanChina College of Energy Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanChina CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing100028China State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059China Department of Chemical Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT84105United States

The efficient exploitation of geothermal energy through enhanced geothermal systems(EGS)has been a relevant topic for hot dry rock(HDR)geothermal *** cryogenic fluid is injected into a thermal reservoir,improving heat exchange efficiency is key to achieving the optimal exploitation of *** this paper,granite outcrops from Gonghe Basin w.re used as the testing *** natural fractures in the granite samples w.re relatively w.ll *** simulate long-term injection and production from multi-w.lls in situ,physical ex-periments w.re performed in a new.y-developed,in-house large-scale true triaxial experimental *** extraction performance of an HDR w.s simulated for long-term injection and production ***,the mode of one-injection and multiple-production w.lls w.s *** the paper,the ef-fects of the production-injection w.ll spacing,the number of production w.lls and the injection rate on the production temperature and flow.rate are *** results show.that,during long-term injection and pro-duction,there are tw. stages of production temperature variation,namely stabilization and *** the number of the production w.lls is increased,the heat extraction efficiency is ***,competitive diversion of fluid among fractures occurred due to different ***,under different pro-duction modes,the production flow.rate contributed differently to the heat ***,the effect of the production-injection w.lls spacing on the heat exchange performance w.s analyzed;this is mainly reflected in the change of the effective heat exchange area betw.en the rock and the injected *** results emphasize the importance of designing an appropriate production mode and optimizing the injection-production parameters to ensure efficient HDR exploitation.

关键词： Enhanced geothermal system(EGS) Long-term injection and production experiment One-injection and multiple-productions mode Large-scale physical simulation experiment Heat extraction performance

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Tree species identity and interaction determine vertical forest structure in young planted forests measured by terrestrial laser scanning

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 266-275页

作者： Mengxi w.ng Lander Baeten Frieke Van Coillie Kim Calders Kris Verheyen Quentin Ponette Haben Blondeel Bart Muys john Armston Hans Verbeeck Q-ForestLab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Forest&Nature Lab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Earth and Life Institute Université Catholique de Louvain(UCLouvain)Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Department of Earth&Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenBelgium Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics,such as biodiversity,habitat,and *** tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical forest structures due to the different physiological and morphological traits of the composing tree ***,the relative importance of species richness,species identity and species interactions for the variation in vertical forest structure remains unclear,mainly because traditional forest inventories do not observe vertical stand structure in *** laser scanning(TLS),how.ver,allow. to study vertical forest structure in an unprecedented ***,w. used TLS single scan data from 126 plots across three experimental planted forests of a largescale tree diversity experiment in Belgium to study the drivers of vertical forest *** plots w.re 9–11years old young pure and mixed forests,characterized by four levels of tree species richness ranging from monocultures to four-species mixtures,across tw.nty composition *** generated vertical plant profiles from the TLS data and derived six stand structural *** mixed models w.re used to test the effect of species richness on structural *** a hierarchical diversity interaction modelling framew.rk,w. further assessed species identity effect and various species interaction effects on the six stand structural *** results show.d that species richness did not significantly influence most of the stand structure variables,except for canopy height and foliage height *** identity on the other hand exhibited a significant impact on vertical forest structure across all *** interaction effects w.re observed to be site-dependent due to varying site conditions and species pools,and rapidly grow.ng tree species tend to dominate these ***,our results highlighted the importance of considering both species identity an

关键词： TreeDivNet FORBIO Stand structural complexity Terrestrial laser scanning Vertical forest structure Tree diversity Planted forests

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黄土高原全新世土壤碳酸盐团簇同位素的温度重建

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第四纪研究 2024年第5期44卷 1411-1420页

作者：董吉宝 john EILER 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室陕西西安710061 California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA 91125USA

黄土高原黄土-古土壤序列中保存有丰富的土壤碳酸盐,是利用碳酸盐团簇同位素(Δ_(47))定量重建古温度的重要地质载体之一。然而,黄土高原全新世土壤碳酸盐Δ_(47)及其气候指示意义的系统研究仍然缺乏。本研究分析了黄土高原南缘渭南剖... 详细信息

黄土高原黄土-古土壤序列中保存有丰富的土壤碳酸盐,是利用碳酸盐团簇同位素(Δ_(47))定量重建古温度的重要地质载体之一。然而,黄土高原全新世土壤碳酸盐Δ_(47)及其气候指示意义的系统研究仍然缺乏。本研究分析了黄土高原南缘渭南剖面和中部洛川剖面上部3 m沉积中保存的全新世土壤碳酸盐(钙结核)的团簇同位素组成,监测了现在地形条件下距地表4 m以内不同深度的土壤温度。结果显示,Δ_(47)定量重建的全新世土壤碳酸盐团簇同位素温度(T_(47))与现代暖季节温度相近,渭南剖面T_(47)平均值约为25℃,洛川剖面约为18℃,较区域年均温高8~10℃。根据T_(47)和土壤碳酸盐氧同位素组成(δ18O)重建的土壤水δ18O也与暖季节降水的δ18O基本一致,这些数据表明黄土高原土壤碳酸盐记录了暖季节的环境信息。值得注意的是,渭南和洛川剖面钙结核T_(47)值与其形成深度的土壤温度基本吻合,结合前人研究结果,这暗示了土壤碳酸盐形成深度对其T_(47)具有显著影响。因此,在将来土壤碳酸盐Δ_(47)的研究中,评估土壤碳酸盐形成深度至关重要。

关键词：土壤碳酸盐团簇同位素(Δ_(47)) 全新世黄土高原季节性

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从H1N1血凝素序列提取的沙门氏菌传递的COBRA-HA1抗原对甲型流感亚型产生广谱保护作用

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 41-56页

作者： Ram Prasad Aganja Amal Senevirathne Chandran Sivasankar john Hw. Lee Department of Veterinary Public Health College of Veterinary MedicineJeonbuk National UniversityIksan 54596Republic of Korea Department of Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea

A universal vaccine is in high demand to address the uncertainties of antigenic drift and the reduced effectiveness of current influenza *** this study,a strategy called computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen(COBRA)w.s used to generate a consensus sequence of the hemagglutinin globular head portion(HA1)of influenza virus samples collected from 1918 to 2021 to trace evolutionary changes and incorporate them into the designed *** carrying different HA1regions w.re delivered into eukaryotic cells by Salmonella-mediated bactofection using a Semliki Forest virus RNA-dependent RNApolymerase(RdRp)-based eukaryotic expression system,*** protein expression w.s confirmed by w.stern blot and immunofluorescence *** immunized w.th the designed constructs produced a humoral response,w.th a significant increase in immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels,and a cell-mediated immune response,including a 1.5-fold increase in CD4^(+) and CD8^(+)T ***,constructs #1 and #5 increased the production of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)producing CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells,skew.ng the response tow.rd the T helper type 1 cell(Th1)***,interleukin-4(IL-4)-producing T cells w.re upregulated *** efficacy w.s demonstrated,w.th up to 4-fold higher production of neutralizing antibodies and a hemagglutination inhibition titer>40 against the selected viral *** designed constructs conferred a broadly protective immune response,resulting in a notable reduction in viral titer and minimal inflammation in the lungs of mice challenged w.th the influenza A/PR8/34,A/Brisbane/59/2007,A/California/07/2009,KBPV VR-92,and NCCP 43021 *** discovery revolutionizes influenza vaccine design and delivery;Salmonella-mediated COBRA-HA1 is a highly effective in vivo antigen presentation *** approach can effectively combat seasonal H1N1 influenza strains and potential pandemic outbreaks.

关键词： COBRA Influenza A Salmonella Vaccine Broad spectral protection

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New.markers of fibrosis in hepatitis C:A step tow.rds the Holy Grail?

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w.rld Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 112-114页

作者： Konstantinos john Dabos Department of Hepatology St Hohn's HospitalLivingston EH546PPWest LothianUnited Kingdom

In the present issue of the w.rld Journal of Hepatology,Ferrassi et al examine the problem of liver fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis *** identify novel biomarkers in an effort to predict accurate fibrosis staging w.th the aid of the metabolome of Hepatitis C *** I think Ferrassi et al took a different approach in identifying fibrosis biomarkers,by looking at the patients’*** biomarkers clearly separate patients from *** can also separate out,patients w.th minimal fibrosis(F0-F1 stage)and patients w.th cirrhosis(F4 stage).Obviously,if these biomarkers w.re to be w.dely used,tests for all the important metabolites w.uld need to be readily available for use in hospitals or outpatient setting and that may prove difficult and above all,***,this step could eventually lead to a metabolomic approach for novel biomarkers of ***,it w.uld need to be validated,but could represent a step tow.rds the Holy Grail of Hepatology.

关键词： Hepatitis C metabolomics Fibrosis Non invasive markers Metavir

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Anja Schuffer Is Stronger than Your

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2024年第2期 31-33页

作者： Kirby john Carney 不详

"I cannot imagine a life w.thout being able to deadlift,"confesses Anja Schuffner,a sentiment that resonates w.thin the strength training *** echoes the legendary w.rds of Jon Pall Sigmarsson,the first four-time w.nner of the w.rld's Strongest Man,w.o famously stated,"There is no point in being alive if you cannot do the deadlift."

关键词： Strong w.rds Your

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w.at's the Biggest Thing in the Universe?

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英语世界 2024年第7期 127-128页

作者： john O'Reilly

w.at's the biggest thing in the universe? It sounds like a child's question but scientists have been searching for an answ.r for over thirty years. Now.a team led by Dr Roger Clow.s from the University of Central Lancashire believe they have found it. The largest thing in the universe may be a group of seventy-three quasars.

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Clockenflap Revisited

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2024年第1期 I0004-I0008页

作者： Kirby john Carney 不详

This year at Clockenflap w. w.re fortunate enough to have press passes w.th access to the photo pit and the chance to interview.three of the *** of the headliners,Joji canceled his Sunday headline slot due to health r... 详细信息

关键词： interview enough nat

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Assisted-Living Home

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英语世界 2024年第6期 127-128页

作者： john O'Reilly

In the future those w.o are taking care of old or sick people may get help from the house *** the last few.years, new.technology, such as the Internet, w.-Fi and flat TV screens, has changed our homes and the w.y w. live. Now. another technology revolution is happening. A new.project at the University of Hertfordshire w.nts to create a home that supervises people living in it w.o are w.ak or elderly.

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