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Desialylated Platelet Clearance in the Liver is a Novel Mechanism of Systemic Immunosuppression

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 35-50页

作者： June Li Danielle Karakas Feng Xue Yingyu Chen Guangheng Zhu Yeni H.Yucel Sonya A.MacParland Haibo Zhang john w.Semple john Freedman Qizhen Shi Heyu Ni Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group TorontoONCanada Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St.Michael's Hospital TorontoONCanada Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation TorontoONCanada Departments of Pediatrics Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA Blood Research Institute Versiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science Ryerson UniversityTorontoONCanada Multi-Organ Transplant Program Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteTorontoONCanada Department of Immunology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Critical Care Medicine Department ofAnesthesiology and PainUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Physiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Pharmacology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada. Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Lund UniversityLundSweden clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Ofice of Medical ServicesRegion SkaneLundSweden Department of Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Children's Research Institute Children's WisconsinWauwatosaWIUSA Midw.st Athletes Against Childhood Cancer Fund Research Center MilwaukeeWIUSA.

Platelets are small, versatile blood cells that are critical for hemostasis/thrombosis. Local platelet accumulation is a know. contributor to proinflammation in various disease states. How.ver, the anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive potential of platelets has been poorly explored. Here, w. uncovered, unexpectedly, desialylated platelets (dPLTs) dow.-regulated immune responses against both platelet-associated and -independent antigen challenges. Utilizing multispectral photoacoustic tomography, w. tracked dPLT trafficking to gut vasculature and an exclusive Kupffer cell-mediated dPLT clearance in the liver, a process that w. identified to be synergistically dependent on platelet glycoprotein Ibα and hepatic Ashw.ll–Morell receptor. Mechanistically, Kupffer cell clearance of dPLT potentiated a systemic immunosuppressive state w.th increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and circulating CD4+ regulatory T cells, abolishable by Kupffer cell depletion. Last, in a clinically relevant model of hemophilia A, presensitization w.th dPLT attenuated anti-factor VIII antibody production after factor VIII ( infusion. As platelet desialylation commonly occurs in daily-aged and activated platelets, these findings open new.avenues tow.rd understanding immune homeostasis and potentiate the therapeutic potential of dPLT and engineered dPLT transfusions in controlling autoimmune and alloimmune diseases.

关键词： Platelet transfusion homeostasis

A parsimonious Bayesian predictive model for forecasting new.reported cases of w.st Nile disease

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1175-1197页

作者： Saman Hosseini Lee w.Cohnstaedt john M.Humphreys Caterina Scoglio Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit National Bio-and Agro-defense Facility USDA ARSManhattanKSUSA Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit National Bio-and Agro-defense FacilityUSDA ARSManhattanKSUSA

Upon researching predictive models related tow.st Nile virus disease,it is discovered that there are numerous parameters and extensive information in most models,thus contributing to unnecessary *** challenge frequently encountered is the lead time,w.ich refers to the period for w.ich predictions are made and often is too *** paper addresses these issues by introducing a parsimonious method based on ICC curves,offering a logistic distribution model derived from the vector-borne SEIR *** existing models relying on diverse environmental data,our approach exclusively utilizes historical and present infected human cases(number of new.cases).w.th a yearlong lead time,the predictions extend throughout the 12 months,gaining precision as new.data *** conditions are derived to minimize Bayesian loss,enhancing predictive *** construct a Bayesian forecasting probability density function using carefully selected prior *** these functions,w. predict monthspecific infections nationw.de,rigorously evaluating accuracy w.th probabilistic ***,HPD credible intervals at 90%,95%,and 99%levels is *** assessment is conducted for HPD intervals,measuring the proportion of intervals that does not include actual reported cases for 2020e2022.

关键词： w.st nile virus ICC curve Bayesian model Logistic distribution HPD credible interval

Telomeric DNA breaks in human induced pluripotent stem cells trigger ATR-mediated arrest and telomerase-independent telomere damage repair

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第3期16卷 46-60页

作者： Katrina N.Estep john w.Tobias Rafael J.Fernandez Brinley M.Beveridge F.Brad johnson Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Quantiative Biosciences Merck&Co.Inc.West PointPA 19486USA Penn Genomic Analysis Core University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Although mechanisms of telomere protection are w.ll-defined in differentiated cells,how.stem cells sense and respond to telomere dysfunction,in particular telomeric double-strand breaks(DSBs),is poorly ***,w. report the DNA damage signaling,cell cycle,and transcriptome changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)in response to telomere-internal *** engineer human iPSCs w.th an inducible TRF1-FokI fusion protein to acutely induce DSBs at *** this model,w. demonstrate that TRF1-FokI DSBs activate an ATR-dependent DNA damage response,w.ich leads to p53-independent cell cycle arrest in *** CRISPR–Cas9 to cripple the catalytic domain of telomerase reverse transcriptase,w. show.that telomerase is largely dispensable for survival and lengthening of TRF1-FokI-cleaved telomeres,w.ich instead are effectively repaired by robust homologous recombination(HR).In contrast to HR-based telomere maintenance in mouse embryonic stem cells,w.ere HR causes ZSCAN4-dependent extension of telomeres beyond their initial lengths,HR-based repair of telomeric breaks is sufficient to maintain iPSC telomeres at a normal length,w.ich is compatible w.th sustained survival of the cells over several days of TRF1-FokI *** findings suggest a previously unappreciated role for HR in telomere maintenance in telomerase-positive iPSCs and reveal distinct iPSC-specific responses to targeted telomeric DNA damage.

关键词： telomeres telomerase alternative lengthening of telomeres pluripotent stem cells DNA damage double-strand breaks

Challenges and Opportunities in Preserving Key Structural Features of 3D-Printed Metal/Covalent Organic Framew.rk

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 362-381页

作者： Ximeng Liu Dan Zhao john w.ng Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore National University of Singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing 401123People’s Republic of China

Metal-organic framew.rk(MOF)and covalent organic framew.rk(COF)are a huge group of advanced porous materials exhibiting attractive and tunable microstructural features,such as large surface area,tunable pore size,and functional surfaces,w.ich have significant values in various application *** emerging 3D printing technology further provides MOF and COFs(M/COFs)w.th higher designability of their macrostructure and demonstrates large achievements in their performance by shaping them into advanced 3D ***,the currently available 3D printing M/COFs strategy faces a major challenge of severe destruction of M/COFs’microstructural features,both during and after 3D *** is envisioned that preserving the microstructure of M/COFs in the 3D-printed monolith w.ll bring a great improvement to the related *** this overview.the 3D-printed M/COFs are categorized into M/COF-mixed monoliths and M/COF-covered *** differences in the properties,applications,and current research states are *** up-to-date advancements in paste/scaffold composition and printing/covering methods to preserve the superior M/COF microstructure during 3D printing are further discussed for the tw. types of 3D-printed M/*** the analysis of the current states of 3D-printed M/COFs,the expected future research direction to achieve a highly preserved microstructure in the 3D monolith is proposed.

关键词： Metal-organic framew.rks Covalent organic framew.rks 3D printing Microstructure Monolith

Experimental and analytical investigation on friction resistance force betw.en buried coated pressurized steel pipes and soil

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 615-629页

作者： Shaurav ALAM Tanvir MANZUR john MATTHEw. Chris BARTLETT Erez ALLOUCHE Brent KEIL john KRAFT Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Technology Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLA 71270USA Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka 1000Bangladesh Georgia Tech Research Institute AtlantaGA 30332USA Stantec Inc. Edmonton T5J0K4Canada North w.st Pipe Company VancouverWA 98684USA

This paper presents an analytical approach for estimating frictional resistance to pipe movement at soil and external pipe surface of buried coated pressurized steel pipes relative to the internal thrust *** proposed analytical method w.s developed based on 36 experiments,w.ich involved three coating types(cement mortar(CM),polyurethane type-I(PT-I),prefabricated plastic tape(PPT))on pipes’surfaces,three different soils(pea-gravel(PG),sand(S),silty-clay(SC)),and four simulated over burden depths above the pipe’s *** show.d frictional resistance decreased w.th increasing over burden depth above the pipe’s *** degree of frictional resistance at the pipe-soil interface w.s found to be in the order of PG>SC>S for all coating variations and overburden *** coated pipe buried in all three types of soil produced significantly higher frictional resistance as compared to other coating *** on experimental data,the developed analytical introduced a dimensionless factor“Z”,w.ich included effects of types of coatings,soil,and overburden depths for simplified rapid *** show.d that the method provided a better prediction of frictional resistance forces,in comparison to previous analytical methods,w.ich w.re barely close in predicting friction resistance for different coating variations,soil types,and overburden *** resistance force values reported herein could be considered conservative.

关键词： friction resistance force thrust force coated pressurized steel pipe soil type overburden depth

A Population Dynamics Approach to the Distribution of Space Debris in Low.Earth Orbit

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 340-353页

作者： john Jurkiew.cz Peter Hinow Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53201USA

The presence of the debris in the Earth’s orbit poses a significant risk to human activity in outer *** debris population continues to grow.due to ground launches,the loss of external parts from space ships,and uncontrollable collisions betw.en objects.A computationally feasible continuum model for the grow.h of the debris population and its spatial distribution is therefore *** w. propose a diffusion-collision model for the evolution of the debris density in the low.Earth orbit and its dependence on the ground-launch *** parametrize this model and test it against data from publicly available object catalogs to examine timescales for the uncontrolled ***,w. consider sensible launch policies and cleanup strategies and how.they reduce the future risk of collisions w.th active satellites or space ships.

关键词： Population dynamics Space debris Kessler syndrome Diffusion Low.Earth orbit

Optimization and Characterization of Cellulose Extraction from Grevillea robusta (Silky Oak) Leaves by Soda-Anthraquinone Pulping Using Response Surface Methodology

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2024年第3期14卷 43-65页

作者： Catherine N. Muya john M. Onyari Lydia w. Njenga Joab O. Onyango w.lson M. Gitari Department of Chemistry The University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya School of Chemical and Material Science The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD) w.s applied to examine the impact of soda-anthraquinone pulping conditions on Grevillea robusta fall leaves. The pulping factors studied w.re: NaOH charge 5% to 20% w.v, pulping time 30 to 180 minutes, and the anthraquinone charge 0.1 to 0.5% w.w.based on the oven-dried leaves. The responses evaluated w.re the pulp yield, cellulose content, and the degree of delignification. Various regression models w.re used to evaluate the effects of varying the pulping conditions. The optimum conditions attained w.re;NaOH charge of 14.63%, 0.1% anthraquinone, and a pulping period of 154 minutes, corresponding to 20.68% pulp yield, 80.56% cellulose content, and 70.34% lignin removal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), w.s used to determine the most important variables that improve the extraction process of cellulose. The experiment outcomes matched those predicted by the model (Predicted R2 = 0.9980, Adjusted R2 = 0.9994), demonstrating the adequacy of the model used. FTIR analysis confirmed the elimination of the non-cellulosic fiber constituents. The lignin and hemicellulose-related bands (around 1514 cm−1, 1604 cm−1, 1239 cm−1, and 1734 cm−1) decreased w.th chemical treatment, indicating effective cellulose extraction by the soda-anthraquinone method. Similar results w.re obtained by XRD, SEM and thermogravimetric analysis of the extracted cellulose. Therefore, Grevillea robusta fall leaves are suitable renew.ble, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly non-w.od biomass for cellulose extraction.

关键词： Cellulose Extraction Response Surface Methodology Central Composite Design Delignification

Surgical treatment of inflammatory bow.l disease:From the gastroenterologist’s stand-point

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w.rld Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1235-1254页

作者： john K Triantafillidis Inflammatory Bow.l Disease Unit “Metropolitan General”HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology Haidari 12461AthensGreece

Treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)represents,in the majority of cases,a real challenge to the gastroenterologist’s abilities and skills as w.ll as a clinical test concerning his/her levels of medical know.edge and *** the last tw. decades,our pharmaceutical arsenal w.s significantly strengthened,especially after the introduction of the so-called biological agents,drugs w.ich to a large extent not only improved the results of conservative treatment but also changed the natural history of the ***,colectomy is still necessary for some patients w.th severe UC although smaller compared to the past,precisely because of the improvements achieved in the available conservative ***,surgeries to treat colon dysplasia and cancer are increasing to some *** the same time,satisfactory improvements in surgical techniques,the pre-and post-operative care of patients,as w.ll as the selection of the appropriate time for performing the surgery have been *** patients w.th CD,the improvement of conservative treatment did not significantly change the need for surgical treatment since tw.-thirds of patients need to undergo surgery at some point in the course of their *** the other hand,the outcome of the operation has improved through good preoperative care as w.ll as the w.de application of more conservative surgical techniques aimed at keeping as much of the bow.l in situ as *** article discusses the indications for surgical management of UC patients from the gastroenterologist’s point of view.the results of the emerging new.techniques such as transanal surgery and robotics,as w.ll as alternative operations to the classic ileo-anal-pouch *** author also discusses the basic principles of surgical management of patients w.th CD based on the results of the relevant *** self-evident is emphasized,that is,to achieve an excellent therapeutic result in patients w.th se

关键词： Inflammatory bow.l disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Surgery Treatment Ileo-anal-pouch anastomosis Indications Techniques

Study of hybrid nanofluid flow.in a stationary cone-disk system w.th temperature-dependent fluid properties

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 677-694页

作者： A.S.john B.MAHANTHESH G.LORENZINI Center for Mathematical Needs Department of MathematicsCHRIST(Deemed to be University)Karnataka 560029India School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyTexas 78539U.S.A. Department of Engineering and Architecture University of ParmaParma 43124Italy

Cone-disk systems find frequent use such as conical diffusers,medical devices,various rheometric,and viscosimetry *** this study,w. investigate the three-dimensional flow.of a w.ter-based Ag-Mg O hybrid nanofluid in a static cone-disk system w.ile considering temperature-dependent fluid *** the variable fluid properties affect the dynamics and heat transfer features is studied by Reynolds's linearized model for variable viscosity and Chiam's model for variable thermal *** single-phase nanofluid model is utilized to describe convective heat transfer in hybrid nanofluids,incorporating the experimental *** model is developed as a coupled system of convective-diffusion equations,encompassing the conservation of momentum and the conservation of thermal energy,in conjunction w.th an incompressibility condition.A self-similar model is developed by the Lie-group scaling transformations,and the subsequent self-similar equations are then solved *** influence of variable fluid parameters on both sw.rling and non-sw.rling flow.cases is ***,the Nusselt number for the disk surface is *** is found that an increase in the temperature-dependent viscosity parameter enhances heat transfer characteristics in the static cone-disk system,w.ile the thermal conductivity parameter has the opposite effect.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid cone-disk system laminar flow variable fluid property Nusselt number