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Characterization of small-scale Farmers and Assessment of Their Access to Crop Production Information in selected Counties of Kenya

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Agricultural sciences 2024年第5期15卷 565-589页

作者： Anastasia Mumbi Wahome john B. K. Kiema Galcano C. Mulaku Isaac Mukoko Department of Geospatial & space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Public Health Kenya Methodist University Nairobi Kenya

small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contributes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed subsistence with any surplus being sold to bring in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliable source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. County governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers but they are not able to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usable. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information by farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. specific objectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made available to them by County and sub-County extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notably, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information being mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was available (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum benefits.

关键词： small scale Farmers Farmers Crop Production Information services Geospatial Information Information Access

Phytoremediation strategies for Heavy Metal Contamination: A Review on sustainable Approach for Environmental Restoration

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 450-474页

作者： Mariam salifu Matthew Abu john Murtala Abubakar Ibukunoluwa Abimbola Bankole Nneka Damola Ajayi Olawumi Amusan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi Olemiss MS USA Department of Biochemistry Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Department of Plant Pathology North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA Directorate of Research and Development Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (NILEST) Zaria Nigeria Department of Chemistry University of Akron Akron OH USA

Current globalization trends and important breakthroughs globally need a complete study of heavy metal contamination, its causes, its impacts on human and environmental health, and different remediation strategies. Heavy metal pollution is mostly produced by urbanization and industry, which threatens ecosystems and human health. Herein, we discuss a sustainable environmental restoration strategy employing phytoremediation for heavy metal pollution, the carcinogenic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic effects of heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, mercury, selenium, zinc, arsenic, chromium, lead, nickel, and silver, which may be fatal. Phytoremediation, which was prioritized, uses plants to remove, accumulate, and depollute pollutants. This eco-friendly method may safely collect, accumulate, and detoxify toxins using plants, making it popular. This study covers phytostabilization, phytodegradation, rhizodegradation, phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, and rhizofiltration. A phytoremediation process’s efficiency in varied environmental circumstances depends on these components’ complex interplay. This paper also introduces developing phytoremediation approaches including microbe-assisted, chemical-assisted, and organic or bio-char use. These advancements attempt to overcome conventional phytoremediation’s limitations, such as limited suitable plant species, location problems, and sluggish remediation. Current research includes machine learning techniques and computer modeling, biostimulation, genetic engineering, bioaugmentation, and hybrid remediation. These front-line solutions show that phytoremediation research is developing towards transdisciplinary efficiency enhancement. We acknowledge phytoremediation’s promise but also its drawbacks, such as site-specific variables, biomass buildup, and sluggish remediation, as well as ongoing research to address them. In conclusion, heavy metal pollution threatens the ecology and public health and must be reduced. Phytoremediation

关键词： Phytoremediation Heavy-Metal Contamination sustainability Restoration

storylines of family medicine Ⅴ:ways of thinking—honing the therapeutic self

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 43-51页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A stone Johanna F shapiro Cynthia Haq Jéssica R B Leao Donald E Nease Jr Liz Grant stewart W Mercer john C M Gillies Pablo González Blasco Maria Auxiliadora C De Benedetto Graziela Moreto Marcelo R Levites Jennifer E DeVoe William R Phillips Jane M Uygur Thomas R Egnew Colette s stanley Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family Medicine University of California Irvine School of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA Faculty of Medicine University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Family Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Usher Institute Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK sOBRAMFA-Medical Education and Humanism Sao PauloBrazil Family Medicine Oregon Health&Science University School of MedicinePortlandOregonUSA Family Medicine University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA General Practice Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland General Internal Medicine Geriatrics&Palliative MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA

storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the UsA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅴ:ways of thinking—honing the therapeutic self’,authors present the following sections:‘Reflective practice in action’,‘The doctor as drug—Balint groups’,‘Cultivating compassion’,‘Towards a humanistic approach to doctoring’,‘Intimacy in family medicine’,‘The many faces of suffering’,‘Transcending suffering’and‘The power of listening to stories.’May readers feel a deeper sense of their own therapeutic agency by reflecting on these essays.

关键词： illustration dimensions suffering

Effect of L-theanine combined with geniposide on depression-like behavior induced by the chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMs) in mice

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Food science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Qi-Ming Yu Yan Zhu Tao Jiang Ying Gao Nan Ling Na Wang john shi Wei-Chun Pan Qi-Zhen Du Jun-Feng Yin Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences， Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization， Ministry of Agriculture College of Food and Health sciences， Zhejiang A & F University Zhejiang Gongshang University Guelph Food Research Center， Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada College of Public Health， Guilin Medical University

Depression is a prevalent mental disorder with limited effective treatments， posing a significant global issue. This study explored L-theanine and geniposide， key components in "food-medicine homology" materials， to determine if their combination (TG) could alleviate depression-like behaviors and hippocampal neuronal damage in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMs) mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into control， CUMs model， and CUMs+TG groups with varying doses. The CUMs group displayed depression-like behaviors， including reduced activity and sucrose preference. TG treatment partially reversed these changes， significantly increasing antioxidant enzyme activities， decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels， and improving neuromodulator levels. RNA-seq analysis identified the transthyretin (TTR) gene， upregulated in the model group but downregulated after TG treatment. TG treatment modulated intestinal microbiota composition compared to the CUMs group， including increased Firmicutes， reduced Bacteroidetes and Prevotella， and variable changes in Bifidobacterium abundance. In conclusion， our study indicates that CUMs exposure upregulates stress hormones and TTR expression， associated with neuroinflammation， oxidative stress， monoamine depletion， depression-like behaviors， and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. TG treatment alleviates these effects and modulates intestinal microbiota， suggesting L-theanine and geniposide’s potential as a novel depression therapy.

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Interaction between gut microbiota and COVID-19 and its vaccines

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第40期28卷 5801-5806页

作者： john s M Leung Cardiothoracic Unit St.Paul’s HospitalHong KongChina

The whole world has been continuously afflicted by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic for the past 3 *** countries have tried many methods to control this virus infection with varying successes and *** gut microbiota is a biosystem spanning the entire length of the digestive tract and playing important roles in health and *** is much affected by *** return it also substantially impacts *** particular,the gut microbiota has established a bidirectional interaction with the COVID-19 vaccines,enhancing or reducing vaccine efficacy by virtue of its varying ***,COVID-19 vaccines also make a substantial impact on the gut microbiota,reducing its overall population and *** is hoped that by exploring and harnessing this bidirectional interaction we may break new ground and develop new methods to prevent and treat this formidable virus infection.

关键词： Gut microbiota COVID-19 vaccines Vaccine interactions Gut microbiota alterations

FEsE’s Best Papers of 2023

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 167-167页

作者： Jiuhui Qu john C.Crittenden 不详

Frontiers of Environmental science&Engineering is pleased to announce the best paper awards for *** 2023,we published 140 research and review papers in Volume 17 of *** order to acknowledge the past contributions and encourage more submissions,the FEsE editorial board selected three distinguished research papers for their profound insights into current serious environmental issues and contributions to practical treatment *** hope these papers will inspire and promote innovation in the environmental science and engineering research field.

关键词： field. insight contributions

On ethics,the pursuit of knowledge,truth and status in the hallowed halls of academe

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 223-231页

作者： john s.BUCKERIDGE Rob WATTs Earth&Oceanic systems Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Advancement in academe is largely on the basis of research output;that is,refereed journal *** paper first explores pressures on academics,especially emerging researchers,when English is not a first *** assess why,when faculty members rush to improve their station that they may elect to circumvent ethical protocols to accelerate their promotion and *** resulting unethical behavior includes plagiarism and forms of duplication such as *** is then given to the wider implications of both plagiarism and the theft of intellectual property,and the role these have played in the development of individuals,the university and society.

关键词： ethics plagiarism promotion publication social evolution

Gas-phase synthesis of Ti_(2)CCl_(2) enables an efficient catalyst for lithiumsulfur batteries

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 33-40页

作者： Maoqiao Xiang Zihan shen Jie Zheng Miao song Qiya He Yafeng Yang Jiuyi Zhu Yuqi Geng Fen Yue Qinghua Dong Yu Ge Rui Wang Jiake Wei Weiliang Wang Haiming Huang Huigang Zhang Qingshan Zhu Chuanfang john Zhang state Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China school of Chemical Engineering University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. Ltd.117 West Third Ring RoadNorth SectionBeijing 100840China College of Materials science&Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China state Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China school of Physics Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologyCenter for Neutron Science and TechnologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China solid state Physics&Material Research Laboratory School of Physics and Materials ScienceGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

MXenes have aroused intensive enthusiasm because of their exotic properties and promising ***,to date,they are usually synthesized by etching *** synthetic technologies provides more opportunities for innovation and may extend unexplored ***,we report a bottom-up gas-phase synthesis of Cl-terminated MXene(Ti_(2)CCl_(2)).The gas-phase synthesis endows Ti_(2)CCl_(2) with unique surface chemistry,high phase purity,and excellent metallic conductivity,which can be used to accelerate polysulfide conversion kinetics and dramatically prolong the cyclability of Li-s ***-depth mechanistic analysis deciphers the origin of the formation of Ti_(2)CCl_(2) and offers a paradigm for tuning MXene chemical vapor *** brief,the gas-phase synthesis transforms the synthesis of MXenes and unlocks the hardly achieved potentials of MXenes.

关键词： synthesis phase lithium

A FAsT LAGRANGIAN sIMULATION METHOD FOR FLOW ANALYsIs AND RUNNER DEsIGN IN PELTON TURBINEs

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2012年第6期24卷 930-941页

作者： ANAGNOsTOPOULOs john s. PAPANTONIs Dimitris E. school of Mechanical Engineering National Technical University of Athens

In the present work, an alternative numerical methodology is developed for a fast and effective simulation and analysis of the complex flow and energy conversion in Pelton impulse hydro turbines. The algorithm is based on the Lagrangian approach and the unsteady free-surface flow during the jet-bucket interaction is simulated by tracking the trajectories of representative fluid particles at very low computer cost. Modern regression tools are implemented in a new parameterization technique of the inner bucket surface. Key-feature of the model is the introduction of additional terms into the particle motion equations to account for various hydraulic losses and the flow spreading, which are regulated and evaluated with the aid of experimental data in a Laboratory Pelton turbine. The model is applied to study the jet-runner interaction in various operation conditions and then to perform numerical design optimization of the bucket shape, using a stochastic optimizer based on evolutionary algorithms. The obtained optimum runner attains remarkably higher hydraulic efficiency in the entire load range. Finally, a new small Pelton turbine （150 kW） is designed, manufactured and tested in the Laboratory, and its performance and efficiency verify the model predictions.

关键词： Pelton turbine hydraulic efficiency Lagrangian simulation bucket shape parameterization numerical design optimization