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message from Deputy Editor-in-Chief Gabriel m leung—International Trade and Global Health Protection

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China CDC weekly 2019年第4期1卷 45-46页

作者： Gabriel m leung China CDC Weekly Dean of medicine The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

It was external trade that first prompted the collection and reporting of surveillance data at the foreign ports from which the Us imported *** established Bulletin of the Public Health—the first precursor to the Us ... 详细信息

关键词： Trade prompt Health

sequence assembly using next generation sequencing data —challenges and solutions

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science China(Life sciences) 2014年第11期57卷 1140-1148页

作者： CHIN Francis Y.L. leung Henry C.m. YIU s.m. Department of Computer science The University of Hong Kong

sequence assembling is an important step for bioinformatics *** the help of next generation sequencing(NGs)technology,high throughput DNA fragment(reads)can be randomly sampled from DNA or RNA molecular ***,as the positions of reads being sampled are unknown,assembling process is required for combining overlapped reads to reconstruct the original DNA or RNA *** with traditional sanger sequencing methods,although the throughput of NGs reads increases,the read length is shorter and the error rate is *** introduces several problems in ***,paired-end reads instead of single-end reads can be sampled which contain more *** existing assemblers cannot fully utilize this information and fails to assemble longer *** this article,we will revisit the major problems of assembling NGs reads on genomic,transcriptomic,metagenomic and metatranscriptomic *** will also describe our IDBA package for solving these *** package has adopted several novel ideas in assembling,including using multiple k,local assembling and progressive depth *** with existence assemblers,IDBA has better performance on many simulated and real sequencing datasets.

关键词： genomic assembling de Bruijn graph paired-end reads next generation sequencing

Femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy: a review

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 59-69页

作者： john s.m.Chang Department of Ophthalmology Hong Kong Sanatorium&Hospital8/FLi Shu Pui BlockPhase II2 Village RoadHappy ValleyHong KongChina

Background:Astigmatic keratotomy(AK)remains an accessible means to correct surgically induced or naturally occurring *** advantages of femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy(FsAK)over conventional methods have been recognized *** text:This review evaluates the efficacy,complications,and different methods of FsAK for correction of astigmatism in native eyes and those that underwent previous penetrating keratoplasty(PKP).The penetrating and intrastromal FsAK(IFsAK)techniques can reduce post-keratoplasty astigmatism by 35.4%to 84.77%and 23.53%to 89.42%,*** native eyes,the penetrating and IFsAK techniques reduce astigmatism by 26.8%to 58.62%and 36.3%to 58%respectively,implying that the magnitude of the astigmatic reduction is comparable between the two FsAK ***,IFsAK offers the additional advantages of almost no risk of infection,wound gape,and epithelial *** use of nomograms,anterior-segment optical coherence tomography,and consideration of posterior cornea and corneal biomechanics are helpful to enhance the efficacy and safety of *** complications of FsAK in eyes that underwent PKP include overcorrection,visual loss,microperforations,infectious keratitis,allograft rejection,and *** reported difficulties in native eyes include overcorrection,anterior gas breakthrough,and suction ***:In eyes that underwent PKP,FsAK effectively reduces high regular or irregular astigmatism,with rare and manageable ***,the drawbacks of the procedure include the potential loss of visual acuity and low *** native eyes undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery,IFsAK is a good choice to correct low astigmatism(s).The refractive effect of astigmatism from the posterior cornea needs to be considered in the nomograms for native eyes undergoing refractive cataract *** further improve the efficacy of FsAK,more large-scale ra

关键词： Femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy Post-keratoplasty astigmatism Astigmatism correction Refractive surgery

Hepatitis C in the pediatric population: Transmission, natural history, treatment and liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11281-11286页

作者： saira Khaderi Ross shepherd john A Goss Daniel leung Division of Abdominal Transplantation Micheal E DeBakey Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology Nutrition Texas Children’s Hospital Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States

The number of children affected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United states is estimated to be between 23000 to 46000. The projected medical cost for children with HCV in the United states is upwards of 200 million over the next decade. The implementation of routine screening of blood supply has virtually eliminated transmission via transfusion and vertical transmission is now the most common mode of infection in children. Infections acquired during infancy are more likely to spontaneously resolve and fibrosis of the liver tends to increase with age suggesting slow progressive histologic injury. Anti-viral treatment may be warranted in children with persistently elevated liver enzymes or with significant fibrosis on liver biopsy. Current standard of care includes weekly pegylated interferon and ribavirin twice daily. Predictors of high sustained viral response include genotype 2 and 3 and low viral load in children with genotype 1 (mL). Triple therapy is associated with a significantly higher rate of sustained virologic response (> 90%). Only 34 pediatric patients were transplanted with hepatitis C between January 2008 and April 2013. The majority of pediatric patients were born prior to universal screening of blood products and, as of June 2013, there are only two pediatric patients awaiting liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease secondary to hepatitis C. Pediatric survival rates post-transplant are excellent but graft survival is noticeably reduced compared to adults (73.73% for pediatric patients at one year compared to 87.69% in adult patients). New safe potent, and all-oral effective antiviral therapies for recurrent HCV should help increase graft survival.

关键词： Hepatitis C Liver transplantation Pediatric Infection Fibrosis Liver disease

A Lattice Boltzmann and Immersed Boundary scheme for model Blood Flow in Constricted Pipes:Part 1-steady Flow

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第6期14卷 126-152页

作者： s.C.Fu W.W.F.leung R.m.C.so Department of mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong

Hemodynamics is a complex problem with several distinct characteristics;fluid is non-Newtonian,flow is pulsatile in nature,flow is three-dimensional due to cholesterol/plague built up,and blood vessel wall is *** order to simulate this type of flows accurately,any proposed numerical scheme has to be able to replicate these characteristics correctly,efficiently,as well as individually and *** the equations of the finite difference lattice Boltzmann method(FDLBm)are hyperbolic,and can be solved using Cartesian grids locally,explicitly and efficiently on parallel computers,a program of study to develop a viable FDLBm numerical scheme that can mimic these characteristics individually in any model blood flow problem was *** present objective is to first develop a steady FDLBm with an immersed boundary(IB)method to model blood flow in stenoic artery over a range of Reynolds *** resulting equations in the FDLBm/IB numerical scheme can still be solved using Cartesian grids;thus,changing complex artery geometry can be treated without resorting to grid *** FDLBm/IB numerical scheme is validated against known data and is then used to study Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid flow through constricted *** investigation aims to gain insight into the constricted flow behavior and the non-Newtonian fluid effect on this behavior.

关键词： Finite difference method lattice Boltzmann method immersed boundary method blood flow constricted pipe

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A Discrete Flux scheme for Aerodynamic and Hydrodynamic Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第5期9卷 1257-1283页

作者： s.C.Fu R.m.C.so W.W.F.leung mechanical Engineering Department Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong school of mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907-2088USA Research Institute of Innovative Products&Technologies Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong

The objective of this paper is to seek an alternative to the numerical simulation of the Navier-stokes equations by a method similar to solving the BGK-type modeled lattice Boltzmann *** proposed method is valid for both gas and liquid flows.A discrete flux scheme(DFs)is used to derive the governing equations for two distribution functions;one for mass and another for thermal *** equations are derived by considering an infinitesimally small control volume with a velocity lattice representation for the distribution *** zero-order moment equation of the mass distribution function is used to recover the continuity equation,while the first-order moment equation recovers the linear momentum *** recovered equations are correct to the first order of the Knudsen number(Kn);thus,satisfying the continuum ***,the zero-order moment equation of the thermal energy distribution function is used to recover the thermal energy *** aerodynamic flows,it is shown that the finite difference solution of the DFs is equivalent to solving the lattice Boltzmann equation(LBE)with a BGK-type model and a specified equation of *** formulated,the DFs can be used to simulate a variety of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic *** of classical aeroacoustics,compressible flow with shocks,incompressible isothermal and non-isothermal Couette flows,stratified flow in a cavity,and double diffusive flow inside a rectangle are used to demonstrate the validity and extent of the *** good to excellent agreement with known analytical and/or numerical solutions is obtained;thus lending evidence to the DFs approach as an alternative to solving the Navier-stokes equations for fluid flow simulations.

关键词： Aerodynamics hydrodynamics lattice Boltzmann equation

Contemporary approaches to visual prostheses

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military medical Research 2019年第3期6卷 254-262页

作者： Rebecca m.mirochnik john s.Pezaris Department of Bioengineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA.3Department of NeurosurgeryHarvard MedicalSchoolBostonMAUSA.

Visual prostheses serve to restore visual function following acquired blindness. Acquired blindness(as opposed to congenital blindness) has many causes, including diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, or trauma such as caused by automobile accident or blast damage from explosions. many of the blindness-causing diseases target the retina or other ocular structure. Often, despite the loss of sensitivity to light, the remainder of the visual pathway is still functional, enabling electrical devices to deliver effective and meaningful visual information to the brain via arrays of electrodes. These arrays can be placed in any part of the early visual pathway, such as the retina, optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, or visual cortex. A camera or other imaging source is used to drive electrical stimulation of remaining healthy cells or structures to create artificial vision and provide restoration of function. In this review, each approach to visual prostheses is described, including advantages and disadvantages as well as assessments of the current state of the art. most of the work to-date has been targeting stimulation of(a) the retina, with three devices approved for general use and two more in clinical testing;(b) the lateral geniculate nucleus, with efforts still in the pre-clinical stage;and(c) the cortex, with three devices in clinical testing and none currently approved for general use despite the longest history of investigation of the three major approaches. Each class of device has different medical indications, and different levels of invasiveness required for implantation. All contemporary devices deliver relatively poor vision. There has been remarkable progress since the first proof-ofconcept demonstration that used stimulation of the primary visual cortex, with the field exploring all viable options for restoration of function. much of the progress has been recent, driven by advances in microelectronics and biocompat

关键词： Visual prosthesis Blindness Artificial vision

some insights into how barnacles survive as sessile organisms

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第4期4卷 395-401页

作者： john s.BUCKERIDGE Jessica m.REEVEs Earth and Oceanic systems Research Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia

During routine chemical analyses of the stalked ibliform barnacle Chaetolepas calcitergum Buckeridge&Newman 2006,peaks of more than 7%(by dry mass)of bromine were *** bromine ions occur in seawater(up to 66 ppm),this level of accumulation,in the soft tissue of the barnacle,is *** concentration of bromine compounds occurs in a number of invertebrates,such as algae and sponges,but this is the first record of elevated bromine in goose *** high accumulation of bromine compound(s)is most likely a defense *** present paper includes a review of the mechanisms deployed by barnacles to repel predators.

关键词： bromine Chaetolepas calcitergum Cirripedia defense mechanisms Ibliformes.

Innovating for Health in China’s Greater Bay Area

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China CDC weekly 2022年第1期4卷 1-3页

作者： Feichau Pang Puihong Chung Gabriel m leung school of Public Health LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The success of World metropolitan and Bay Areas The Tokyo Bay Area,the New York metropolitan Area,and the san Francisco Bay Area are leading regions for science and *** share an economic transformation from industrial or manufacturing bases to predominantly service-based economies with this sector contributing 75%of their gross domestic product(GDP)in *** companies in these locations accounted for 60%of the revenue of the top 100 global tech companies in 2018(1).The success of these locations stems from the convergence of academia,technology giants,government support,and a high density of investors,as well as innovative entrepreneurs(2).

关键词： companies revenue bases