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Relationship between Nutritional Support and Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in West Bengal, India

Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2016年第4期4卷 213-219页

作者： Blesson Samue Tyson Volkmann Sushma Cornelius Sugata Mukhopadhay MejoJose Kaushik Mitra Ajay M. V. Kumar john E. Oeltmann Sidhajyoti Parija Aslesh Ottapura Prabhakaran patrick K. Moonan Vineet K. Chadha World Vision India New Delhi India Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta USA Burdwan Medical College West Bengal India International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease South-East Asia Regional Office New Delhi India Southern Health Improvement Samity West Bengal India Department of Community Medicine Academy of Medical Sciences Pariyaram India Epidemiology and Research Division National Tuberculosis Institute Bangalore India

Introduction: Poverty and poor nutrition are associated with the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Socioeconomic factors may interfere with anti-tuberculosis treatment compliance and its outcome. We examined whether providing nutritional support (monthly supply of rice and lentil beans) to TB patients who live below the poverty line was associated with TB treatment outcome. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients living below the poverty line (income of <$1.25 per day) registered for anti-tuberculosis treatment in two rural districts of West Bengal, India during 2012 to 2013. We compared treatment outcomes among patients who received nutritional support with those who did not. A log-binomial regression model was used to assess the relation between nutritional support and unsuccessful treatment outcome (loss-to-follow-up, treatment failure and death). Results: Of 173 TB patients provided nutritional support, 15 (9%) had unsuccessful treatment outcomes, while 84 (21%) of the 400 not provided nutrition support had unsuccessful treatment outcomes (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex and previous treatment, those who received nutritional support had a 50% reduced risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome than those who did not receive nutritional support (Relative Risk: 0.51;95% Confidence Intervals: 0.30 - 0.86). Conclusion: Under programmatic conditions, monthly rations of rice and lentils were associated with lower risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome among impoverished TB patients. Given the relatively small financial commitment needed per patient ($10 per patient per month), the national TB programme should consider scaling up nutritional support among TB patients living below the poverty line.

关键词： Nutritional Support Poverty Pulmonary Tuberculosis India

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Studies on Land Resource Inventory for Agricultural Land Use Planning in Northern Transition Zone of India through Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2021年第6期13卷 710-728页

作者： Denis Magnus Ken Amara Sayyadsaheb A. Nadaf Daniel Hindogbe Saidu Osman S. Vonu Raymond Morie Musa Philip Jimia Kamanda patrick A. Sawyerr john Christian Mboma Saidu Deggy Mansaray Mohammed Azim Sannoh Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad Dharwad India Department of Soil Science School of Agriculture & Food Sciences Njala University Njala Campus Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Agriculture Food Security & Livelihood Sustainable Cassava Commercialization through Entrepreneurs Strengthening & Support (SUCCESS) Project BRAC Bo Sierra Leone Department of Soil Science Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Private Mail Bag Kenema Sierra Leone Department of Agricultural Education Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Private Mail Bag Kenema Sierra Leone Department of Extension & Rural Sociology School of Agriculture & Food Sciences Njala University Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Social Studies Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Private Mail Bag Kenema Sierra Leone

Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite to achieving optimum utilization of available land resources. Hence, a study on land resource inventory for agricultural land use planning was conducted in the Northern Transition Zone of India to determine land capability and develop a suitability map for wheat and sorghum-based on physical and climatic factors of production using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Detailed soil survey information was used for this exercise. Four series (Singhanhalli, Mugli, Bogur and Venkatapur series) were identified and mapped into seventeen mapping units. Land capability classification showed that a greater portion of the study area belonged to class III followed by class IV with limitations of erosion, wetness and varying soil properties. Four land capability classes viz., II, III, IV, and VI, and seven subclasses viz., IIsf, IIItsf, IVs, IVt, IVts, IVtsf and VIt were identified. Major limitations of these subclasses were slope, erosion, depth, texture, coarse fragments, pH, organic carbon and base saturation. Soil suitability assessment revealed that the soils are moderately suitable to permanently not suitable. About 234 ha (31.6%) is moderately suitable, 494 ha (65.0%) marginally suitable and 10.2 ha (1.3%) permanently not suitable for wheat;while 78.5 ha (10.3%) is moderately suitable, 633.4 ha (82.3%) marginally suitable and 32.6 ha (4.3%) permanently not suitable for sorghum respectively. The moderate, marginal and permanent non-suitability was due to moderate, severe and very severe limitations respectively. However, it is possible to achieve potential yield of the crops in the study area if these limitations are addressed.

关键词： Land Resource Inventory Soil Suitability Land Use Planning Land Evaluation Soil Survey Remote Sensing Soil Mapping

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2012值得中国创业者关注的美国机会

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创业邦 2012年第1期 37-44页

作者： Jennifer Wang Michelle Juergen john patrick Pullen Kara Ohngren Carolyn Horwitz Jenna Schnuer 万婧

美国总统奥巴马曾在就职演说中向创业者致敬。他慷慨激昂地说，通往伟大的道路是由“肯冒险的人、实干家、创造者铺就。这些人有些得到颂扬，但多数都是在默默耕耘。他们带领我们走过漫长崎岖的道路，走向繁荣和自由。”

关键词：美国总统创业者中国就职演说奥巴马实干家创造者道路

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On-chip beam rotators,adiabatic mode converters,and waveplates through low-loss waveguides with variable cross-sections

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第8期11卷 1876-1890页

作者： Bangshan Sun Fyodor Morozko patrick S.Salter Simon Moser Zhikai Pong Raj B.Patel Ian A.Walmsley Mohan Wang Adir Hazan Nicolas Barré Alexander Jesacher Julian Fells Chao He Aviad Katiyi Zhen-Nan Tian Alina Karabchevsky Martin J.Booth Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordOX13PJUK School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the NegevP.O.B.653Beer-Sheva8410501Israel Institute of Biomedical Physics Medical University of InnsbruckMüllerstraße 446020InnsbruckAustria Ultrafast Quantum Optics group Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonUK Department of Physics University of OxfordOxfordUK Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies(SAOT) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergPaul-Gordan-Straße 691052ErlangenGermany State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China

Photonics integrated circuitry would benefit considerably from the ability to arbitrarily control waveguide cross-sections with high precision and low loss,in order to provide more degrees of freedom in manipulating propagating ***,we report a new method for femtosecond laser writing of optical-fiber-compatible glass waveguides,namely spherical phase-induced multicore waveguide(SPIM-WG),which addresses this challenging task with three-dimensional on-chip light *** in the heating regime with high scanning speed,precise deformation of cross-sections is still achievable along the waveguide,with shapes and sizes finely controllable of high resolution in both horizontal and vertical transversal *** observed that these waveguides have high refractive index contrast of 0.017,low propagation loss of 0.14 dB/cm,and very low coupling loss of 0.19 dB coupled from a single-mode ***-WG devices were easily fabricated that were able to perform on-chip beam rotation through varying angles,or manipulate the polarization state of propagating light for target *** also demonstrated SPIM-WG mode converters that provide arbitrary adiabatic mode conversion with high efficiency between symmetric and asymmetric nonuniform modes;examples include circular,elliptical modes,and asymmetric modes from ppKTP(periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate)waveguides which are generally applied in frequency conversion and quantum light *** inside optical glass,these waveguides and devices have the capability to operate across ultra-broad bands from visible to infrared *** compatibility with optical fiber also paves the way toward packaged photonic integrated circuitry,which usually needs input and output fiber connections.

关键词： waveguide waveguides polarization

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一个外国学者眼中的耶鲁与北大

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民主与科学 2005年第5期 33-34页

作者：鲁乐汉（john patrick Delury）[美] 叶颖（译）不详耶鲁大学北京大学历史系博士生

john patrick Delury先生(耶鲁大学、北京大学历史系博士生,中文名“鲁乐汉”)应本刊编辑之约,特为我们撰写此文,带来他对中美高等教育方面的一些感受,希望给予大家一些启示。

关键词：耶鲁大学北京大学教学观念教育环境教学质量

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Analysis of Adult Nephrectomies at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

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Open Journal of Urology 2020年第4期10卷 93-100页

作者： Kwaku Otu-Boateng George Amoah Kwaku Addai Arhin Appiah Roland Azorliade Christian Kofi Gyasi-Sarpong patrick Opoku Manu Maison Samuel Kodzo Togbe john Boakye Addae Charles Kwame Adofo Isaac Opoku Antwi Benjamin Twumasi-Frimpong Richard Kofi Ametih Department of Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery School of Medical Sciences and Dentistry KNUST Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery School of Medical Sciences UCC Cape Coast Ghana Surgery Department Seventh Day Adventist Hospital Dominase Ghana

Objective: To evaluate open nephrectomies performed in adults over a five year period at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) and to compare our experience with findings in the literature. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, hospital based study of all adults undergoing nephrectomy from October 2012 to September 2017 at KATH. We obtained data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging results, laterality of the disease, and indication for nephrectomy, complications and histopathology of nephrectomy specimen. The data was analyzed using PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc. Results: Thirty three (33) adult nephrectomies were performed over the study period. There were 18 males (54.50%) and 15 females (45.50%) with an age range of 16 years to 80 years. The modal age range for renal malignancies was 31 - 40 years accounting for 36.40% of adult nephrectomies. Flank pain (75.80%), haematuria (54.60%) and flank mass (51.50%) were the predominant presenting complaints. Malignant renal tumours accounted for 22 (66.70%) of the nephrectomies followed by neglected Pelvi-Ureteric Junction Obstruction (PUJO)—7 (21.20%);two (6.10%) nephrectomies were due to trauma and one (3.00%) for emphysematous pyelonephritis. Conclusion: Renal cell carcinoma constitutes the main indication for adult nephrectomy at KATH followed by neglected PUJO. Most of the patients with renal tumours were young and also presented late.

关键词： Adult Nephrectomy Renal Cell Carcinoma Kidney Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital

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New Weapon of Tomorrow’s Battlefield Driven by Hypersonic Velocity

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2019年第5期13卷 177-196页

作者： Bahman Zohuri patrick McDaniel Jim Lee Casey john Rodgers Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87131United States Nuclear Engineering Department University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87131United States LANL/SNL Manager(Retired)Edge Wood New Mexico 87015United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87131United States

Speed is the new stealth and earlier this week America’s top nuclear commander described a grim scenario for *** facing off against hypersonic weapons.“We do not have any defense that could deny the employment of such a weapon against us,”Air Force *** Hyten,commander of *** Command,told the Senate Armed Services Committee on Tuesday March 20,*** and Chinese are aggressively developing new weapons that travel at Mach 5 or higher,which is at least five times faster than speed of sound(hypersonic).These weapons travel in excess of 3,600 miles per hour(1 mile per second)and currently,no military possesses a credible ***,tracking and intercepting something that fast is *** that Russia and China have invested heavily in advanced defensive technologies that now hold most of our traditional forms of power projection at risk,this is a significant advantage—it is one that would impose major costs upon a defending ***,according to the director of the Army’s Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office(ARCCTO),The Army will field a battery of truck-borne hypersonic missiles in 2023,with a contract award in August,the service’s new three-star Program Executive Officer *** service will also field a battery of 50-kilowatt lasers on Stryker armored vehicles by 2021,he said.A program to put a 100-plus-kilowatt laser on a heavy truck,however,is under review and may be combined with Air Force and/or Navy efforts to reach comparable power levels,*** Thurgood told reporters in his *** this white paper we are suggesting a new technology as a counter-measure against such an adversary measure and threat that is aggressively being pursued by these two nations,Russia and China both tactically and *** also briefly discuss possible physics and science of aerodynamics involved with these vehicles traveling between range of 5 Mach and higher,where we discuss current status and future

关键词： Hypersonic velocity hypersonic flying object weak plasma gas high power microwave air breakdown hypersonic weapons

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Single-Screw Laboratory Extruder for Production of Expanded Products:Design,Construction and Performance Testing

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2019年第4期9卷 293-304页

作者： Adekanmi Olusegun Abioye john Oluranti Olajide patrick Obi Ngoddy Department of Food Engineering Ladoke Akintola University of TechnologyP.M.B.4000Ogbomoso210222Nigeria Department of Food Science and Technology University of NigeriaP.O.Box 551Nsukka 410001Nigeria

In this study,a low-capacity single-screw cooking extruder for the manufacture of expanded snacks was designed based on theoretical models and guided operating data and practices of existing cooking *** was carried out using locally available engineering materials in modest machine shops satisfying sanitary design criteria and tested using blends of cassava and defatted soybean *** extruder developed has throughput,screw speed,barrel diameter,length-to-diameter ratio and power requirement of 13.0 kg/h,200 rpm,40 mm,12 and 1.908 kW,*** cost of the extruder developed was estimated N650,000 in *** had expansion ratio and trypsin inhibitor reduction which ranged from 1.82 to 2.98 and 61.07%to 87.93%,respectively,across all *** study demonstrates that a low-capacity and affordable experimental single-screw extruder can be designed and built domestically which can be scaled-up for pilot and industrial applications for the production of expanded snacks.

关键词： Single-screw extruder cassava/soybean blends expansion ratio machine throughput trypsin inhibitor reduction

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评估饮用水中化学物暴露与健康结局：认识和研究需求现状

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环境与职业医学 2014年第8期31卷 651-657页

作者： Cristina M.Villanueva Manolis Kogevinas Sylvaine Cordier Michael R.Templeton Roel Vermeulen john R.Nuckols Mark J.Nieuwenhuijsen patrick Levallois 汪源张伊人何蓉金泰廙 Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology(CREAL) IMIM(Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública(CIBERESP) National Institute of Public Health Inserm(Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale)UMR 1085 IRSET(Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail)Université de Rennes 1 Imperial College London Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Environmental Epidemiology Division Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences(IRAS)Utrecht University Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Université Laval Québec Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire(CHU)de Québec

[背景]安全的饮用水对于健康至关重要。虽然在全球范围内,微生物污染仍然是饮用水相关疾病发病率和死亡率的最主要原因,但在供水中的化学物也可能导致疾病,而其中一些的人体健康结局的证据有限或缺乏。[目的]旨在总结当前人们对这一问... 详细信息

[背景]安全的饮用水对于健康至关重要。虽然在全球范围内,微生物污染仍然是饮用水相关疾病发病率和死亡率的最主要原因,但在供水中的化学物也可能导致疾病,而其中一些的人体健康结局的证据有限或缺乏。[目的]旨在总结当前人们对这一问题的了解状况,找出认识差距,并为与饮用水中化学物相关的流行病学研究提供建议。[讨论]评估饮用水中化学物暴露与健康结局十分具有挑战性。暴露通常为低浓度,在水中测量是通常是不够的,化学物以混合物形式存在,暴露时间通常很长,可能涉及多个暴露途径,而能够反映相应暴露阶段的有效生物标志却很少。此外,相对风险的幅度具有变小趋势。[结论]研究应该包括:设计良好的流行病学研究,涵盖能够比较污染程度并具有足够样本量的地区;结合生物分析并整合复杂混合物影响的污染物产生综合评价;足够水中测量次数,以评估地理和时间变异性;有关导致暴露的个人生活习惯的详细信息(例如,摄入、淋浴、游泳和饮食);生物样本的采集,以测量相关的生物标志;先进的统计模型,以评估暴露和相对风险,并应考虑解决测量误差的方法。最后,纳入早期生物效应和遗传易感性的分子标志对于了解化学物作用机制是必不可少的。需要评估大量新出现的污染物的风险和人类暴露,但这些知识仍然缺乏。

关键词：健康结局饮用水化学物评估需求现状疾病发病率测量误差相对风险

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Octave-spanning coherent supercontinuum generation in silicon on insulator from 1.06μm to beyond 2.4μm

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 235-242页

作者： Neetesh Singh Ming Xin Diedrik Vermeulen Katia Shtyrkova Nanxi Li patrick T Callahan Emir Salih Magden Alfonso Ruocco Nicholas Fahrenkopf Christopher Baiocco Bill P-P Kuo Stojan Radic Erich Ippen Franz X Kärtner Michael R Watts Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA john A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering SUNY Polytechnic InstituteAlbanyNY 12203USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92039USA Centre for Free Electron Laser Science(CFEL)-DESY and University of Hamburg Hamburg 22607Germany

Efficient complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-based nonlinear optical devices in the near-infrared are in strong *** to two-photon absorption in silicon,however,much nonlinear research is shifting towards unconventional photonics *** this work,we demonstrate the generation of an octave-spanning coherent supercontinuum in a silicon waveguide covering the spectral region from the near-to *** input pulses of 18 pJ in energy,the generated signal spans the wavelength range from the edge of the silicon transmission window,approximately 1.06 to beyond 2.4μm,with a−20 dB bandwidth covering 1.124–2.4μ*** octave-spanning supercontinuum was also observed at the energy levels as low as 4 pJ(−35 dB bandwidth).We also measured the coherence over an octave,obtaining|g_()12^(1)(λ)>90%,in good agreement with the *** addition,we demonstrate optimization of the third-order dispersion of the waveguide to strengthen the dispersive wave and discuss the advantage of having a soliton at the long wavelength edge of an octave-spanning signal for nonlinear *** research paves the way for applications,such as chip-scale precision spectroscopy,optical coherence tomography,optical frequency metrology,frequency synthesis and wide-band wavelength division multiplexing in the telecom window.

关键词： coherence integrated photonics silicon supercontinuum

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