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Comparison of approaches to quantify SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater using RT-qpCR: Results and implications from a collaborative inter-laboratory study in Canada

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第9期33卷 218-229页

作者： Alex H.S.Chik Melissa B.Glier Mark Servos Chand S.Mangat Xiao-Li pang Yuanyuan Qiu patrick M.D’Aoust Jean-Baptiste Burnet Robert Delatolla Sarah Dorner Qiudi Geng john p.giesy jr Robert Mike McKay Michael R.Mulvey Natalie prystajecky Nivetha Srikanthan Yuwei Xie Bernadette Conant Steve E.Hrudey Canadian SARS-CoV-Inter-Laboratory Consortium Consultant to Canadian Water Network Inc. KitchenerCanada presently at Ontario Clean Water Agency MississaugaCanada Environmental Microbiology BC Centre for Disease ControlVancouverCanada Department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterlooCanada National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegCanada public Health Laboratory Alberta Precision LaboratoryEdmontonCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine&pathology Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2G3Canada Faculty of Engineering University of OttawaOttawaCanada Département des génies civil géologique et des minesPolytechnique MontréalMontréalCanada Veterinary Biomedical Sciences University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada Toxicology Centre University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of WindsorWindsorCanada Department of Medical Microbiology University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada Department of pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Canadian Water Network Inc. WaterlooCanada Group author details below

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater is a promising tool for informing public health decisions during the COVID-19 ***,approaches for its analysis by use of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-q pCR)are still far from standardized *** characterize inter-and intra-laboratory variability among results when using various methods deployed across Canada,aliquots from a real wastewater sample were spiked with surrogates of SARS-CoV-2(gamma-radiation inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus strain 229E[HCoV-229E])at low and high levels then provided"blind"to eight *** estimates reported by individual laboratories were consistently within a 1.0-log_(10) range for aliquots of the same spiked *** laboratories distinguished between low-and high-spikes for both *** expected,greater variability was observed in the results amongst laboratories than within individual laboratories,but SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration estimates for each spiked condition remained mostly within 1.0-log_(10) *** no-spike wastewater aliquots provided yielded non-detects or trace levels(pies/mL)of SARS-CoV-2 *** appear linked to methods that included or focused on the solids fraction of the wastewater matrix and might represent in-situ SARS-CoV-2 to the wastewater ***-229E RNA was not detected in the no-spike ***,all methods yielded comparable results at the conditions *** behavior of SARS-CoV-2 and spiked surrogates in wastewater should be considered to evaluate method effectiveness.A consistent method and laboratory to explore wastewater SARS-CoV-2 temporal trends for a given system,with appropriate quality control protocols and documented in adequate detail should succeed.

关键词： COVID-19 Wastewater surveillance public health Quality assurance Quality control

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Development,validation,and transportability of several machine-learned,non-exercise-based VO_(2max)prediction models for older adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： Benjamin T.Schumacher Michael J.LaMonte Andrea Z.LaCroix Eleanor M.Simonsick Steven p.Hooker Humberto parada jr. john Bellettiere Arun Kumar Herbert Wertheim School of public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Human Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Computer Science and Engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Background:There exist few maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))non-exercise-based prediction equations,fewer using machine learning(ML),and none specifically for older *** direct measurement of VO_(2max)is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies,we sought to develop,validate,compare,and assess the transportability of several ML VO_(2max)prediction ***:The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging(BLSA)participants with valid VO2_(max)tests were included(n=1080).Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were trained to predict VO_(2max)*** developed these algorithms for:(a)the overall BLSA,(b)by sex,(c)using all BLSA variables,and(d)variables common in aging ***,we quantified the associations between measured and predicted VO_(2max)and ***:The age was 69.0±10.4 years(mean±SD)and the measured VO_(2max)was 21.6±5.9 mL/kg/*** absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,and 3.5 mL/kg/min,*** quartiles of measured VO_(2max)showed an inverse gradient in mortality *** VO_(2max)variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to ***:Measured VO_(2max)is a strong predictor of *** ML can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to *** studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO_(2max),an important vital sign,can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness prediction algorithms Epidemiology Mortality

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Next generation per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances:Status and trends,aquatic toxicity,and risk assessment

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第2期1卷 117-131页

作者： Hannah Mahoney Yuwei Xie Markus Brinkmann john p.giesy Toxicology Center University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanS7N 5B3Canada School of Environment and Sustainability University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanS7N 5C8Canada Global Institute for Water Security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanS7N 3H5Canada Centre for Hydrology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanS7N 1K2Canada Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada Department of Integrative Biology and Center for Integrative Toxicology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Department of Environmental Science Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA

Widespread application of poly-and per-fluoroalkyl substances(pFAS)has resulted in some substances being ubiquitous in environmental *** and their resistance to degradation have allowed them to accumulate in wildlife and humans with potential for toxic *** specific substances of concern have been phased-out or banned,other pFAS that are emerging as alternative substances are still produced and are being released into the *** review focuses on describing three emerging,replacement pFAS:perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulphonate(pFECHS),6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate(6:2 Cl-pFAES),and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(HFpO-DA).By summarizing their physicochemical properties,environmental fate and transport,and toxic potencies in comparison to other pFAS compounds,this review offers insight into the viabilities of these chemicals as replacement *** the chemical scoring and ranking assessment model,the relative hazards,uncertainties,and data gaps for each chemical were quantified and related to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(pFOS)and perfluorooctanoic acid(pFOA)based on their chemical and uncertainty *** substances were ranked pFOS>6:2 Cl-pFAES>pFOA>HFpO-DA>pFECHS according to their potential toxicity and pFECHS>HFpO-DA>6:2 Cl-pFAES>pFOS>pFOA according to their need for future *** future uses of pFAS remain uncertain in the face of governmental regulations and production bans,replacement pFAS will continue to emerge on the world market and in the environment,raising concerns about their general lack of information on mechanisms and toxic potencies.

关键词： pFAS Replacement pFAS Emerging contaminants Aquatic toxicity Chemical scoring

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Enlightenment from the COVID-19 pandemic:The Roles of Environmental Factors in Future public Health Emergency Response

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Engineering 2022年第1期8卷 108-115页

作者： Xiaolei Wang Fengchang Wu Xiaoli Zhao Xiao Zhang Junyu Wang Lin Niu Weigang Liang Kenneth Mei Yee Leung john p.giesy State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China State Key Laboratory of Marine pollution&Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5E2Canada Department of Environmental Sciences Baylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems(pHERSs)of many *** environmental factors,such as those influencing the survival of viruses and their transmission between species including humans,play important roles in pHERSs,little attention has been given to these *** study describes and elucidates the roles of environmental factors in future *** improve countries’capability to respond to public health emergencies associated with viral infections such as the COVID-19 pandemic,a number of environmental factors should be considered before,during,and after the responses to such *** specifically,to prevent pandemic outbreaks,we should strengthen environmental and wildlife protection,conduct detailed viral surveillance in animals and hotspots,and improve early-warning *** the pandemic,we must study the impacts of environmental factors on viral behaviors,develop control measures to minimize secondary environmental risks,and conduct timely assessments of viral risks and secondary environmental effects with a view to reducing the impacts of the pandemic on human health and on *** the pandemic,we should further strengthen surveillance for viruses and the prevention of viral spread,maintain control measures for minimizing secondary environmental risks,develop our capability to scientifically predict pandemics and resurgences,and prepare for the next unexpected ***,we should restore the normal life and production of the public based on the“One Health”concept,that views global human and environmental health as inextricably *** recommendations are essential for improving nations’capability to respond to global public health emergencies.

关键词： public health emergency public health emergency response system Environmental factors prevention and control Viral infections

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2024 Adult Compendium of physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht john M.Schuna jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover David R. Jacobs jr. Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health promotion and Disease prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(pA)across *** original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support pA research,practice,and public health ***:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 *** a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since *** replaced estimated METs with measured values when ***:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 pA energy expenditure values from 701 *** added303 new pAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older *** added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 pAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major ***:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health *** new website with the complete lists of pAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise MET physical Activities

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Monthly variations of unregulated brominated disinfection by-products in chlorinated water are correlated with total bromine

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第3期1卷 147-155页

作者： Christena Watts Jianxian Sun paul D.Jones Hui peng john p.giesy Toxicology Centre University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5B3Canada School of Environment and Sustainability University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5C8Canada Department of Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3H6Canada Zoology Department Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA State Key Laboratory of pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5B4Canada Department of Environmental Sciences Baylor UniversityWacoTX 76798-7266USA

Brominated disinfection by-products(Br-DBps)can form during the chlorination of drinking water in treatment plants(DWTp).Regulations exist for a small subset of Br-DBps;however,hundreds of unregulated Br-DBps have been detected,and limited information exists on their occurrence,concentrations,and seasonal ***,a data-independent precursor isolation and characteristic fragment(DIpIC-Frag)method were optimized to screen chlorinated waters for *** were 553 Br-DBps detected with m/z values ranging from 170.884 to 497.0278 and chromatographic retention times from 2.4 to 26.2 *** MS2 information,structures for 40 of the 54 most abundant Br-DBps were *** method was then applied to a year-long study in which raw,clear well,and finished water were analyzed *** 54 most abundant unregulated Br-DBps were subjected to trend ***-DBps with higher oxygen-to-carbon(O/C)and bromine-to-carbon(Br/C)ratios increased as water moved from the clear well to the finished stage,which indicated the dynamic formation of *** trends of unregulated Br-DBps were compared to raw water parameters,such as natural organic matter,temperature,and total bromine,but no correlations were *** was found that total concentrations of bromine(TBr)in finished water(0.04–0.12 mg/L)were consistently and significantly greater than in raw water(0.013–0.038 mg/L,pps atα?*** study provides the first evidence that monthly trends of unregulated Br-DBps can be associated with the concentration of TBr in treated waters.

关键词： Natural organic matter Bromine Chlorination Drinking water treatment High-resolution mass spectrometry

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Historical record of effects of human activities on absolute and relative concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(pAHs) in Lake Chao,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第8期28卷 1-4页

作者： john p.giesy Zhi Tang Xiaoli Zhao Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre University of Saskatchewan State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（pAHs）are attracting concern because of their potential toxicity,posing serious threats to health of humans and ecosystems（Kim et al.,2013;Zhao et al.,2016）.Generally,similar to other contaminants＇behaviors（Wu et al.,2001;Zhang et al.,2007,2008;Lu et al.,2009）,pAHs result from natural organic matter and activities of humans,the latter＇s contribution usually outweighing the inputs from other sources（Fernández et al.,2000;Srogi,2007）.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Organic contaminants Aquatic environment Lake sediment pAHs

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perfluoroalkyl substances and organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Huaihe watershed in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2198-2206页

作者： Jing Meng Tieyu Wang pei Wang john p.giesy Yonglong Lu State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre University of Saskatchewan

Twelve perfluoroalkyl substances （pFASs） and nine organochlorine pesticides （OCps） were quantified in surface sediments from the Huaihe River, China, along which there are intensive industrial and agricultural activities. Concentrations of pFASs ranged from 0.06 to 0.46 ng/g dry weight （dw）, and concentrations of OCps ranged from 1.48 to 32.65 ng/g dw. Compared with other areas in China, concentrations of pFASs were lesser than the national mean value, while concentrations of OCps were moderate. Concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid （pFOA） and perfluorooctane sulfonate （pFOS） ranged from n.d. （not detected） to 0.03 and n.d. to 0.10 ng/g dw, respectively. Among the three groups of OCps, mean concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane and its isomers （HCHs）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites （DDTs） and hexachlorobenzene （HCB） were 5.62 ± 4.35, 2.43 ± 3.12 and 1.55 ± 4.17 ng/g dw, respectively. Concentrations of HCHs and DDTs decreased from upstream to downstream along the mainstream of the Huaihe River. When compared to sediment quality guidelines （SQGs）, concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and HCB would pose adverse biological effects. In general, contamination by pFASs in the upstream of the Huaihe River was more severe than that in the downstream, which was mainly caused by interception from dams, locks and industrial emissions. And OCps from tributaries, especially the Yinghe River and Wohe River, were higher than those from Huaihe mainstream, and primarily came from historical inputs.

关键词： pFASs OCps Sediment Risk assessment Huaihe River

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Older Adult Compendium of physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen D.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira john M.Schuna jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wendy J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health promotion and Disease prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:physical activities(pAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(pubMed,Embase,SpORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured pA in older *** values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during pA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older ***:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 *** these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older *** developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://***:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of pAs in older *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in pA research and practice.

关键词： Energy expenditure Exercise MET Older adults

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Determination of water environment standards based on water quality criteria in China:Limitations and feasibilities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 127-136页

作者： Tieyu Wang Yunqiao Zhou Cencen Bi Yonglong Lu Guizhen He john p.giesy State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Toxicology Centre and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada

There is a need to formulate water environment standards（WESs） from the current water quality criteria（WQC） in *** this end,we briefly summarize typical mechanisms applied in several countries with longer histories of developing WESs,and three limitations to formulating WESs in China were *** analyzing the feasibility factors including economic development,scientific support capability and environmental policies,we realized that China is still not ready for a complete change from its current nation-wide unified WES system to a local-standard-based ***,we proposed a framework for transformation from WQC to WESs in *** framework consists of three parts,including responsibilities,processes and *** responsibilities include research authorization,development of guidelines,and collection of information,at both national and local levels;the processes include four steps and an impact factor system to establish water quality standards;and the policies include seven specific proposals.

关键词： Water quality Environmental criteria Standards Regulations

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