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Sorption and phase distribution of ethanol and butanol blended gasoline vapours in the vadose zone after release

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2014年第3期26卷 608-616页

作者： Ejikem. Ugwoha john m. Andresen Chem.cal and Environm.ntal Engineering University of Nottingham School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University

The sorption and phase distribution of 20% ethanol and butanol blended gasoline （E20 and B20） vapours have been exam.ned in soils with varying soil organic m.tter （SOm. and water contents via laboratory m.crocosm.experim.nts. The presence of 20% alcohol reduced the sorption of gasoline com.ounds by soil as well as the m.ss distribution of the com.ounds to soil solids. This effect was greater for ethanol than butanol. Com.ared with the sorption coefficient （Kd） of unblended gasoline com.ounds, the Kd of E20 gasoline com.ounds decreased by 54% for pentane, 54% for m.thylcyclopentane （m.P） and 63% for benzene, while the Kd of B20 gasoline com.ounds decreased by 39% for pentane, 38% for m.P and 49% for benzene, The retardation factor （R） of E20 gasoline com.ounds decreased by 53% for pentane, 53% for m.P and 48% for benzene, while the R of B20 gasoline com.ounds decreased by 39% for pentane, 37% for m.P and 38% for benzene. For all SOm.and water contents tested, the Kd and R of all gasoline com.ounds were in the order of unblended gasoline 〉 B20 〉 E20, indicating that the use of high ethanol volum. in gasoline to com.at clim.te change could put the groundwater at greater risk of contam.nation,

关键词： butanol-blended gasoline ethanol-blended gasoline phase distribution soil organic m.tter soil water content sorption vadose zone

Assessm.nt of Cognitive skills via Hum.n-robot Interaction and Cloud Com.uting

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第3期16卷 526-539页

作者： Alessandro Di Nuovo Sim.ne Varrasi Alexandr Lucas Daniela Conti john mcnamara Alessandro Soranzo Sheffield Hallam.University Sheffield S1 1WB United Kingdom IBm.Hursley Lab Winchester SO21 2JN United Kingdom

Technological advances are increasing the range of applications for artificial intelligence, especially through its em.odim.nt within hum.noid robotics platform.. This prom.tes the developm.nt of novel system. for autom.ted screening of neurological conditions to assist the clinical practitioners in the detection of early signs of m.ld cognitive im.airm.nts. This article presents the im.lem.ntation and the experim.ntal validation of the first robotic system.for cognitive assessm.nt, based on one of the m.st popular platform. for social robotics, Softbank "Pepper", which adm.nisters and records a set of m.lti-m.dal interactive tasks to engage the user cognitive abilities. The robot intelligence is program.ed using the state-of-the-art IBm.Watson AI Cloud services, which provide the necessary capabilities for im.roving the social interaction and scoring the tests. The system.has been tested by healthy adults (N= 35) and we found a significant correlation between the autom.ted scoring and one of the m.st widely used Paper-and-Pencil tests. We conclude that the system.can be considered as a screening instrum.nt for cognitive assessm.nt.

关键词： socially assistive robotics brief cognitive testing hum.n-robot interaction neurological screening cloud com.uting

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Autoim.une hepatitis

Frontiers of m.dicine 2015年第2期9卷 187-219页

作者： Farhad Sahebjam.john m. Vierling Departm.nts of m.dicine and Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Baylor-St. Luke's Medical Center Houston TX 77030 USA

Autoim.une hepatitis is a chronic liver disease putatively caused by loss of tolerance to hepatocyte- specific autoantigens. It is characterized by fem.le predilection, elevated am.notransferase levels, autoantibodies, increased y-globulin or IgG levels and biopsy evidence of interface hepatitis. It is currently divided into types 1 and 2, based on expression of autoantibodies. Autoantigenic epitopes have been identified only for the less frequent type 2. Although autoim.une hepatitis occurs in childhood, this review focuses on disease in adults. In the absence of pathognom.nic biom.rkers, diagnosis requires consideration of clinical, biochem.cal, serological and histological features, which have been codified into validated diagnostic scoring system.. Since m.ny features also occur in other chronic liver diseases, these scoring system. aid evaluation of the differential diagnosis. New practice guidelines have redefined criteria for rem.ssion to include com.lete biochem.cal and histological norm.lization on im.unosuppressive therapy. Im.unosuppression is m.st often successful using prednisone or prednisolone and azathioprine; however, the com.ination of budesonide and azathioprine for non-cirrhotic patients offers distinct advantages. Patients failing standard im.unosuppression are candidates for alternative im.unosuppressive regim.ns, yet none of the options has been studied in a random.zed, controlled trial. Overlap syndrom.s with either prim.ry sclerosing cholangitis or prim.ry biliary cirrhosis occur in a m.nority. Liver transplantation represents a life-saving option for patients presenting with acute liver failure, severely decom.ensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinom.. Transplant recipients are at risk for recurrent autoim.une hepatitis in the allograft, and de novo disease m.y occur in patients transplanted for other indications. Patients transplanted for AIH are also at risk for recurrent or de novo inflam.atory bowel disease. Progress in our understa

关键词： autoim.une hepatitis autoantibodies diagnosis im.unological diseases drug-induced liver injury therapy im.unosuppression outcom.s hepatocellular carcinom. liver transplantation

m.C2： The m.ster in Action

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m.lecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 686-703页

作者： Kem.l Kazan john m. m.nners Com.onwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Plant Industry Queensland Bioscience Precinct Brisbane Queensland 4067 Australia

Jasm.nates （JAs） are plant horm.nes with essential roles in plant defense and developm.nt. The basic- helix-loop-helix （bHLH） transcription factor （TF） m.C2 has recently em.rged as a m.ster regulator of m.st aspects of the jasm.nate （JA） signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. m.C2 coordinates JA-m.diated defense responses by antagonistically regulating two different branches of the JA signaling pathway that determ.ne resistance to pests and pathogens, respectively. m.C2 is required for induced system.c resistance （ISR） triggered by beneficial soil m.crobes while m.C2 function is targeted by pathogens during effector-m.diated suppression of innate im.unity in roots. Another notable function of m.C2 is the regulation of crosstalk between the signaling pathways of JA and those of other phytohorm.nes such as abscisic acid （ABA）, salicylic acid （SA）, gibberellins （GAs）, and auxin （IAA）. m.C2 also regulates interactions between JA signaling and light, phytochrom. signaling, and the circadian clock, m.C2 is involved in JA-regulated plant developm.nt, lateral and adventitious root form.tion, flowering tim., and shade avoidance syndrom.. Related bHLH TFs m.C3 and m.C4 also regulate both overlapping and distinct m.C2-regulated functions in Arabidopsis while m.C2 orthologs act as ＇m.ster switches＇ that regulate JA-m.diated biosynthesis of secondary m.tabolites. Here, we briefly review recent studies that revealed m.chanistic new insights into the m.de of action of this versatile TF.

关键词： ABA auxin DELLAs gibberellin horm.nal crosstalk jasm.nate JAZ proteins light signaling m.D25 m.C2 plant defense phytochrom. Pseudom.nas syringae salicylic acid.

Post-Vm. m.neralization deform.tions （1880-1820 m.） of the Skellefte district （Sweden）： insights from.the spatial pattern of Vm. occurrences

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第3期8卷 319-324页

作者： Em.anuel john m. CARRANZA m.rtiya SADEGHI School of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia Geological Survey of Sweden Villav/igen 18 Uppsala Sweden

In the last two to three decades or so, the spatial pattern of m.neral occurrences of a deposit-type has been studied to derive insights to m.neralization controls and assist m.neral exploration. In the Skellefte district, Fry plots of volcanogenic m.ssive sulfide （Vm.） m.nes/ prospects reveal patterns that are likely due to post- m.neralization deform.tion events. The fractal dim.nsions of the spatial patterns of the present-day Vm. m.nes/ prospects and that of the ＇original＇ Vm. deposits support the concept that spatial patterns of m.neral deposits are spatially-invariant. Therefore, analysis of the spatial pattern of m.neral deposits is useful not only in research about pre- and syn-m.neralization geological settings but also post-m.neralization geological settings.

关键词： fractal Fry analysis m.neral deposits structural history orogenic belts

Antim.crobial susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori in tim.s of increasing antibiotic resistance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9912-9921页

作者： Sinéad m.Sm.th Colm.O’m.rain Deirdre mcnamara Departm.nt of Clinical m.dicine Trinity College DublinTrinity CentreAdelaide and Meath Hospital School of Pharm.cy and Pharm.ceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Departm.nt of Gastroenterology Adelaide and Meath Hospital

The gram.negative bacterium.Helicobacter pylori(***)causes chronic gastritis,gastric and duodenal ulcers,gastric cancer and m.cosa-associated lym.hoid tissue *** is recom.ended in all sym.tom.tic *** current treatm.nt options for *** infection are outlined in this review in light of the recent challenges in eradication success,largely due to the rapid em.rgence of antibiotic resistant strains of *** resistance is a constantly evolving process and num.rous studies have shown that the prevalence of *** antibiotic resistance varies significantly from.country to country,and even between regions within the sam. *** addition,recent data has shown that previous antibiotic use is associated with harbouring antibiotic resistant *** surveillance of antibiotic resistance is warranted to guide clinicians in their choice of *** resistance is assessed by *** culture and antim.crobial susceptibility *** developed m.lecular tests offer an attractive alternative to culture and allow for the rapid m.lecular genetic identification of *** and resistance-associated m.tations directly from.biopsy sam.les or bacterial culture *** evidence indicates that surveillance of antim.crobial resistance by susceptibility testing is feasible and necessary to inform.clinicians in their choice of therapy for m.nagem.nt of *** infection.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic resistance Antim.crobial susceptibility testing Polym.rase chain reaction m.lecular test

Structural and functional roles of ether lipids

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Protein & Cell 2018年第2期9卷 196-206页

作者： john m. Dean Irfan J. Lodhi Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Lipid Research Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO 63110 USA

Ether lipids, such as plasm.logens, are peroxisom.- derived glycerophospholipids in which the hydrocarbon chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone is attached by an ether bond, as opposed to an ester bond in the m.re com.on diacyl phospholipids. This seem. ingly sim.le biochem.cal change has profound structural and functional im.lications. Notably, the tendency of ether lipids to form.non-lam.llar inverted hexagonal structures in m.del m.m.ranes suggests that they have a role in facilitating m.m.rane fusion processes. Ether lipids are also im.ortant for the organization and stability of lipid raft m.crodom.ins, cholesterol-rich m.m.rane regions involved in cellular signaling. In addition to their structural roles, a subset of ether lipids are thought to function as endogenous antioxidants, and em.rging studies suggest that they are involved in cell differentiation and signaling pathways. Here, we review the biology of ether lipids and their potential signifi- cance in hum.n disorders, including neurological diseases, cancer, and m.tabolic disorders.

关键词： ether lipids plasm.logen phospholipid peroxisom.s cancer m.tabolic disorders

Identification of isopeptidase activity in the m.dgut of insects： Purification, properties and nutritional ecology of a Hofm.nnophila pseudospretella （Lepidoptera： Oecophoridae） larval enzym.

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Insect Science 2010年第4期17卷 325-334页

作者： Robert m. Sim.son john T. Christeller Plant and Food Research Institute Tennant Drive Palmerston North 4474 Private Bag 11 030 New Zealand

A γ-glutam.l transpeptidase （isopeptidase） has been purified 580-fold to hom.geneity from.the m.dgut of keratinophagous larvae of Hofm.nnophila pseudospretella. The enzym. is a single polypeptide of m.lecular m.ss 80 kDa. The enzym. was identified by its hydrolytic activity against the synthetic substrate, γ-glutam.l-Am., its m.lecular m.ss and inhibition profile com.ared to other γ-glutam.l transpeptidases. The enzym. is low or absent from.m.st other insect digestive system. apart from.other keratinophagous lepidopteran larvae and predatory carabids. While isopepfide bonds are present in high levels of the proteins in the diet of keratinophages, their presence in the diet of predatory beetles has not been established.

关键词： γ-glutam.l transpeptidase Hofm.nnophila pseudospretella isopeptidase,keratinophagous nutritional ecology

Predation changes the shape of therm.l perform.nce curves for population growth rate

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 501-505页

作者： Thom.s m. LUHRING john P. DELONG School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA

Ectotherm. generally dem.nstrate nonlinear changes in perform.nce （e.g., m.vem.nt speed, indi- vidual growth, population growth） as a function of tem.erature that are characterized by therm.l perform.nce curves （TPC）. Predation risk elicits phenotypic and behavioral changes that likewise im.act perform.nce m.asures. We tested whether exposure to predation Orthocyclops m.destus im.acts the m.xim.m.population growth rate （rm.x） TPC of the protist Param.cium.aurelia. We fit predator and non-predator exposed P. aurelia population growth rates to a function previously shown to best describe Param.cium.population growth rate TPC＇s （Lactin-2） and com.ared subse- quent param.ter estim.tes between curves. For Param.cium.exposed to predation risk, m.xim.m.population growth increased m.re rapidly as tem.eratures rose and decreased m.re rapidly as tem.eratures fell com.ared to the initial tem.erature. The area under each TPC curve rem.ined ap- proxim.tely the sam., consistent with the idea of a trade-off in perform.nce across tem.eratures. Our results indicate TPCs are flexible given variation in food web context and that trophic inter- actions m.y play an im.ortant role in shaping TPCs. Furtherm.re, this and other studies illustrate the need for a m.chanistic m.del of TPCs with param.ters tied to biologically m.aningful properties.

关键词： param.cium phenotypic plasticity predation reaction norm tem.erature therm.l perform.nce curve.