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A 3D-printable device allowing fast and reproducible longitudinal preparation of mouse intestines

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第2期5卷 189-196页

作者： Beckey Delucia Sergey Samorezov Megan T.Zangara Rachel l.Markley lucas J.Osborn Karlee B.Schultz Christine mcdonald Jan Claesen Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA Center for Microbiome and Human Health Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Department of Inflammation and Immunity Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA College of Arts and Sciences John Carroll UniversityUniversity HeightsOhioUSA

Accurate and reproducible analysis of murine small and large intestinal tissue is key for preclinical models involving intestinal ***,there is no easily ac-cessible,standardized method that allows researchers of different skill levels to con-sistently dissect intestines in a time-efficient ***,we describe the design and use of the 3D-printed“Mouse Intestinal Slicing Tool”(MIST),which can be used to longitudinally dissect murine intestines for further *** benchmarked the MIST against a commonly used procedure involving scissors to make a longitudinal cut along the *** of the MIST halved the time per mouse to prepare the intestines and outperformed alternative methods in smoothness of the cutting edge and overall *** sharing the plans for printing the MIST,we hope to contribute a uniformly applicable method for saving time and increasing consistency in studies of the mouse gastrointestinal tract.

关键词： adenoma dissection i ntestines mice printing three-dimensional reproducibility of results

Aggregation-Induced Synthesis (AIS): Asymmetric Synthesis via Chiral Aggregates

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Research 2022年第4期2022卷 731-739页

作者： Hossein Rouh Yao Tang Ting Xu Qingkai Yuan Sai Zhang Jia-Yin Wang Shengzhou Jin Yu Wang Junyi Pan Hannah lWood James D.mcdonald Guigen li Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTexas 79409-1061USA Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

A new chiral aggregate-based tool for asymmetric synthesis has been developed by taking advantage of chiral aggregates of GAP(Group-Assisted Purification)reagents,N-phosphonyl *** tool was proven to be successful in the asymmetric GAP synthesis of functionalized 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans by reacting salicyl N-phosphonyl imines with dialkyl bromomalonates in various cosolvent *** chiral induction can be controlled by differentiating between two asymmetric directions simply by changing the ratios of cosolvents which are commonly adopted in AIE(aggregation-induced emission)*** formation of chiral aggregates was witnessed by a new analytical tool-aggregation-induced polarization(AIP).The present synthetic method will be broadly extended for general organic synthesis,particularly,for asymmetric synthesis and asymmetric catalysis in the future.

关键词： asymmetric chiral synthesis

Inhibiting WNT secretion reduces high bone mass caused by Sost loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in lrp5

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骨研究:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 595-606页

作者： Cassandra R.Diegel Ina Kramer Charles Moes Gabrielle E.Foxa Mitchell J.mcdonald Zachary B.Madaj Sabine Guth Jun liu Jennifer l.Harris Michaela Kneissel Bart O.Williams Department of Cell Biology Van Andel Institute333 Bostwick Ave.NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Van Andel Institute333 Bostwick Ave.NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Oncology Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchSan DiegoCA 92121USA

Proper regulation of Wnt signaling is critical for normal bone development and *** in several Wnt signaling components,which increase the activity of the pathway in the skeleton,cause high bone mass in human subjects and mouse *** bone mass is often accompanied by severe headaches from increased intracranial pressure,which can lead to fatality and loss of vision or hearing due to the entrapment of cranial *** addition,progressive forehead bossing and mandibular overgrowth occur in almost all *** that would provide symptomatic relief in these subjects are ***-mediated palmitoylation is necessary for Wnt secretion and binding to the frizzled *** inhibition of porcupine is a highly selective method of Wnt signaling *** treated three different mouse models of high bone mass caused by aberrant Wnt signaling,including homozygosity for loss-of-function in Sost,which models sclerosteosis,and two strains of mice carrying different point mutations in lrp5(equivalent to human G171V and A214V),at 3 months of age with porcupine inhibitors for 5–6 *** significantly reduced both trabecular and cortical bone mass in all three *** demonstrates that porcupine inhibition is potentially therapeutic for symptomatic relief in subjects who suffer from these disorders and further establishes that the continued production of Wnts is necessary for sustaining high bone mass in these models.

关键词： homeostasis function mass

Extraction of rare earth elements from a South American ionic clay

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稀土学报:英文版 2023年第9期41卷 1408-1418,I0005页

作者： john Anawati Gisele Azimi laboratory for Strategic Materials Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoOntarioM5S3E5Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto184 College StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3E4Canada

Ionic clays,formed by the natural weathering of REE-bearing minerals and the adsorption of the resulting liberated REE ions onto the clay surface,are an important resource for critical rare earth elements(REEs).Here,a two-step desorption process using ammonium sulfate with active pH adjustment using sulfuric acid was developed to extract REEs from a South American *** desorption process was optimized using response surface methodology approach and the optimum operating conditions were determined to be 0.15 mol/l ammonium sulfate,pH 3,liquid to solid ratio of 3/1,and 25℃ with20 min residence *** is shown that this ionic clay is significantly different from previously reported clays,e.g.,from southern China,as it consists of three modes of REEs,including ion-exchanged REEs physically adsorbed on the clay surface,hydrolyzed REEs chemically adsorbed on the clay surface,and mineralized(non-desorbable) REEs within the *** investigations through progressive acidification during desorption and adsorption isotherms show that REE desorption/adsorption occurs due to the combined action of physical ion exchange adsorption and surface complexation chemical adsorption,with their relative importance depending on the pH of the system and the amount of sulfate anions present within the *** work supports overall efforts to utilize ionic clays as a relatively new resource for REEs to empower the development and adoption of modern green technologies such as wind turbines and electric vehicles.

关键词： Ionic clay Ion-exchange desorption Surface complexation Ammonium sulfate leaching Rare earths

Pathogenesis of fatty liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma

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liver Research 2022年第4期6卷 201-202页

作者： john Y.l.Chiang Tiangang li Integrative Medical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOHUSA Harold Hamm Diabetes Center Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA

The prevalence of fatty liver diseases has increased rapidly in recent years to about 25%*** liver diseases are multi-faceted in pathogenesis,disease phenotype,and *** is important to understand disease pathogenesis and mechanism in order to develop effective and safe drug therapy for treating fatty liver *** fatty liver disease(AFlD,or alcohol associ-ated liver disease)and viral hepatitis have been the major causes of liver transplant,liver cancer,and death.

关键词： diseases mechanism. liver

Changes in Typhoon Regional Heavy Precipitation Events over China from 1960 to 2018

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第2期39卷 272-283页

作者： Yangmei TIAN john lMCBRIDE Fumin REN Guoping lI Tian FENG College of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China State Key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Honorary School of Earth ScienceUniversity of Melbourneand Research and Development DivisionBureau of MeteorologyMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Haikou Meteorological Observatory Haikou Meteorological BureauHaikou 570100China

In earlier studies,objective techniques have been used to determine the contribution of tropical cyclones to precipitation(TCP)in a region,where the Tropical cyclone Precipitation Event(TPE)and the Regional Heavy Precipitation Events(RHPEs)are defined and *** this study,TPE and RHPEs are combined to determine the Typhoon Regional Heavy Precipitation Events(TRHPEs),which is employed to evaluate the contribution of tropical cyclones to regional extreme precipitation *** on the Objective Identification Technique for Regional Extreme Events(OITREE)and the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique(OSAT)to define TPE,temporal and spatial overlap indices are developed to identify the combined events as *** daily precipitation data and TC best-track data over the western North Pacific from 1960 to 2018,86 TRHPEs have been *** contribute as much as 20%of the RHPEs,but100%of events with extreme individual precipitation *** major TRHPEs continued for approximately a week after tropical cyclone landfall,indicating a role of post landfall *** frequency and extreme intensity of TRHPEs display increasing trends,consistent with an observed positive trend in the mean intensity of TPEs as measured by the number of daily station precipitation observations exceeding 100 mm and 250 *** frequent landfalling Southeast and South China TCs induced more serious impacts in coastal areas in the Southeast and the South during 1990-2018 *** roles of cyclone translation speed and"shifts"in cyclone tracks are examined as possible explanations for the temporal trends.

关键词： typhoon regional heavy precipitation events changes temporal and spatial characteristics

Roles of raindrop impact in detachment and transport processes of interrill soil erosion

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 592-601页

作者： Xunchang john Zhang USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research lab. El RenoOK73036USA

To date the roles of raindrop impact in sediment entrainment and transport processes of interrill soil erosion are not yet fully *** objectives are to 1)evaluate the effects of raindrop impact on sediment entrainment,2)systematically quantify the relative importance of raindrop-driven and flow-driven transport,and 3)characterize sediment size distributions in different sediment transport re-gimes.A loam soil with 48.4%sand and 23%clay was packed into flumes(l × W × H:1.8 × 0.5 × 0.1 m)and subjected to intensities of 60,90,120 mm h^(-1) at gradients of 5,10,and 16°.Air filter and tarp covers were used to vary impact energy and flow *** show that sediment is largely entrained by raindrop impact and transported by raindrop-impacted *** erosion consists of two composite processes:raindrop-induced detachment/entrainment and raindrop-impacted flow *** former includes direct detachment by raindrop impact and'flow detachment'.The latter includes raindrop-driven and flow-driven *** proportions between the two transports vary with slope steepness,slope length,flow depth(or flow discharge),rainfall intensity,and sediment ***-driven transport is competent but inefficient,while the opposite is true for flow-driven *** raindrop impact plays dual roles in detaching soil(and/or entraining sediment)and enhancing sediment transport,a drop energy factor must be included in interrill erosion models to adequately simulate the dual *** studies are required to derive a drop energy function that takes into consideration the rainfall energy dissipation by canopies of various plants under natural conditions.

关键词： Interrill erosionprocess Raindrop detachment Raindropentrainment Raindrop-driven transport Flow-driven transport Raindrop-flow interaction

Key challenges and approaches to addressing barriers in forest carbon offset projects

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1109-1122页

作者： Chunyu Pan Anil Shrestha john lInnes Guomo Zhou Nuyun li Jinliang li Yeyun He Chunguang Sheng john-ONiles Guangyu Wang Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Zhejiang Prov Key lab of Carbon Cycling Forest Ecosystem Zhejiang A&F UniversityLinan 311300People’s Republic of China China Green Carbon Foundation No.18Hepingli DongjieBeijing 100714People’s Republic of China College of Economics and Management Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China University of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaSan DiegoCA 92093USA

Forest carbon offset(FCO)projects play an increasingly important role in mitigating climate change through market mechanisms in both compliance and voluntary ***,there are challenges and barriers to developing an FCO project,such as carbon leakage and cost-eff *** have been few attempts to summarize and synthesize all types and aspects of existing challenges and possible solutions for FCO *** paper systematically reviews and discusses the current challenges involved in developing FCO projects,and then draws on the experience and lessons of existing projects to show how those challenges were addressed in world-leading voluntary carbon standards,namely the Verifi ed Carbon Standard,the American Carbon Registry,the Climate Action Reserve,and Plan *** voluntary markets have rich experience in FCO projects and are responsible for a signifi cant share of the *** the 53 publications used in this analysis,three broad thematic categories of challenges *** were related to methodology,socio-economic implications,and *** challenges,particularly additionality,permanence,and leakage,were the focus of 46%of the selected research papers,while socio-economic challenges,including transaction,social,and opportunity costs,were addressed by 35%.The remaining 19%of the research articles focused on implementational challenges related to monitoring,reporting,and verifi *** voluntary standards adequately addressed most of the methodological and implementational barriers by adopting various ***,the standards did not adequately address socio-economic issues,despite these being the second most frequently discussed theme in the papers *** research is clearly needed on the socio-economic challenges involved in the development of FCO *** the development of high-quality forestry carbon off set projects,there are many challenges and no simple,universal recipe for addressi

关键词： Forest carbon Offset schemes Market mechanisms Challenges Opportunities

Optimization of specific cell-peptide interactions at the bio-material interface via regulation of nonspecific biofouling interactions

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第2期63卷 143-144页

作者： john l.Brash Department of Chemical Engineering School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster University

Materials that interact with biological systems in a wellcontrolled,predictable manner are highly sought after for numerous biomedical and biotechnological *** example,it is essential that devices such as stents or heart valves in the blood stream of patients do not cause thrombosis or infection,or that biosensors do not lose their function due to adverse interactions with the bio environment.A general approach to the design of biointerfaces that addresses this need has been pursued over a number of years[1].It has two elements:(1)prevention of non-specific interfacial interactions,and(2)promotion of specific biointeractions required for the intended functioning of the *** practice this means preventing all interactions except for the desired one(s).With respect to the first point it should be appreciated that biological species such as proteins and cells have a natural affinity for the interfacial ***,the realization of a surface that eliminates the adsorption/adhesion of these species is extremely *** of PEO/PEG,other hydrophilic polymers(PVP,PHEMA),and zwitterionic polymers[2]to the surface is the most common strategy to achieve“bio-resistance”.Regarding the second point,the surface must be designed so that it interacts selectively and exclusively with the component(s)(proteins,cells)that will give the desired *** this purpose,“ligands”that bind these specific components are incorporated into the surface[3].

关键词： desired interfacial realization