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科学与社会 1984年第Z1期 7-9页

作者： john j. kao 许满圈哈佛大学商业管理研究生院

本期关于革新过程的专题讨论是由本刊国际记者组最年轻的成员发起的

关键词：东西组织内部密集型

Targeting TrkB–PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and *** activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term ***,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term *** this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific *** TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic density protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

Importance of Quaternary research to society

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 203-206页

作者： john j. Clague Cenlre for Natural Hazard Research Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada V5A 1S6

The Quaternary Period, although only an instant in the 4.5 billion year expanse of geologic time, is disproportionately important because it is the interval during which humans evolved and because it includes the present. Events of the Quaternary are preserved in sediments, ice sheets, and landforms with a greater degree of completeness and temporal resolution than those of any earlier period of comparable length. Studies of these historical and environmental archives continue to provide the essential context that allows scientists to evaluate what is happening with Earth＇s climate today and to clarify our vulnerability to hazardous natural processes, for example earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions, floods, and landslides.

关键词：地质学科学研究第四纪地质年代

A unified intrinsic functional expansion theory for solitary waves

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2005年第1期21卷 1-15页

作者： Theodore Yaotsu Wu john kao j.n E.Zhang California Institute of Technology Pasadena.CA 91125U.S.A.FellowInstitute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Warner Brothers GlendaleCA 91203.U.S.A. The university of Hong Kong.Pokfulam Road.Hong Kong SAR.China

A new theory is developed here for evaluating solitary waves on water, with results of high accuracy uniformly valid for waves of all heights, from the highest wave with a corner crest of 120 down to very low ones of diminishing height. Solutions are sought for the Euler model by employing a unified expansion of the logarithmic hodograph in terms of a set of intrinsic component functions analytically determined to represent all the intrinsic properties of the wave entity from the wave crest to its outskirts. The unknown coefficients in the expansion are determined by minimization of the mean-square error of the solution, with the minimization optimized so as to take as few terms as needed to attain results as high in accuracy as attainable. In this regard, Stokess formula, F2= tan , relating the wave speed (the Froude number F) and the logarithmic decrement of its wave field in the outskirt, is generalized to establish a new criterion requiring (for minimizing solution error) the functional expansion to contain a finite power series in M terms of Stokess basic term (singular in ), such that 2M is j.st somewhat beyond unity, i.e. 2M1. This fundamental criterion is fully validated by solutions for waves of various amplitude-to-water depth ratio =a/h, especially about 0.01, at which M=10 by the criterion. In this pursuit, the class of dwarf solitary waves, defined for waves with 0.01, is discovered as a group of problems more challenging than even the highest wave. For the highest wave, a new solution is determined here to give the maximum height hst=0.8331990, and speed Fhst=1.290890, accurate to the last significant figure, which seems to be a new record.

关键词： Solitary waves on water Unified intrinsic functional expansion theory Exact solutions High-accuracy computation of waves of arbitrary height Mass and energy transfer

A statistical study of the interdependence of solar wind parameters

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Chinese j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第4期9卷 485-493页

作者： Shollykutty john P. j. Kurian Department of Physics St Joseph’s CollegeAlappuzha.Kerala-688012 India Physics Research Centre St.Berchmans’ CollegeChanganacherry Kerala-686101 India

Correlation analysis of solar wind parameters, namely solar wind velocity, proton density, proton temperature and mean interplanetary magnetic field （IMF） from the ACE spacecraft data near Earth, was done. To our best knowledge, this study is a novel one since we consider here only the parameters inside the solar wind, including the mean IMF and, hence, the solar wind is a self consistent system. We have proposed a Multiple Linear Regression （MLR） model for the prediction of the response variable （solar wind velocity） using the parameters proton density, proton temperature and mean IMF measured as daily averages. About 60% of the observed value can be predicted using this model. It is shown that, in general, the correlation between solar wind parameters is significant. A deviation from the prediction at the solar maximum is interpreted. These results are verified by a graphical method.

关键词： solar wind-statistical model-correlation-solar wind parameters

Structural and functional roles of ether lipids

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Protein & Cell 2018年第2期9卷 196-206页

作者： john M. Dean Irfan j. Lodhi Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Lipid Research Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO 63110 USA

Ether lipids, such as plasmalogens, are peroxisome- derived glycerophospholipids in which the hydrocarbon chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone is attached by an ether bond, as opposed to an ester bond in the more common diacyl phospholipids. This seem- ingly simple biochemical change has profound structural and functional implications. Notably, the tendency of ether lipids to form non-lamellar inverted hexagonal structures in model membranes suggests that they have a role in facilitating membrane fusion processes. Ether lipids are also important for the organization and stability of lipid raft microdomains, cholesterol-rich membrane regions involved in cellular signaling. In addition to their structural roles, a subset of ether lipids are thought to function as endogenous antioxidants, and emerging studies suggest that they are involved in cell differentiation and signaling pathways. Here, we review the biology of ether lipids and their potential signifi- cance in human disorders, including neurological diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders.

关键词： ether lipids plasmalogen phospholipid peroxisomes cancer metabolic disorders

What are extreme environmental conditions and how do organisms cope with them？

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 363-374页

作者： john C. WINGFIELD j. Patrick KELLEY Frederic ANGELIER Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A

Severe environmental conditions affect organisms in two maj.r ways. The environment may be predictably severe such as in deserts, polar and alpine regions, or individuals may be exposed to temporarily extreme conditions through weather, presence of predators, lack of food, social status etc. Existence in an extreme environment may be possible, but then to breed or molt in addition can present maj.r bottlenecks that have resulted in the evolution of hormone-behavior adaptations to cope with unpredictable events. Examples of hormone-behavior adaptations in extreme conditions include attenuated testosterone secretion because territoriality and excess courtship may be too costly when there is one opportunity to reproduce. The individual may even become insensitive to testosterone when target areas of the brain regulating reproductive behavior no longer respond to the hormone. A second example is reduced sensitivity to glucocorticoids following acute stress during the breeding season or molt that allows successful reproduction and/or a vital renewal of the integument to endure extreme conditions during the rest of the year. Reduced sensitivity could involve：（a） modulated response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, （b） reduced sensitivity to high glucocorticoid levels, or （c） a combination of （a） and （b）. Moreover, corticosteroid binding proteins （CBP） buffer responses to stress by reducing the movement of glucocorticoids into target cells. Finally, intracellular enzymes （11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and variants） can deactivate glucocorticoids entering cells thus reducing interaction with receptors. These mechanisms have important implications for climate change and increasing extremes of weather [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 363-374, 2011].

关键词： Extreme environment Habitat configuration Glucocorticoids Stress response Corticosteroid-binding proteins Behavior

Aseismic smart building isolation systems under multi-level earthquake excitations： Part II, energy-dissipation and damage reduction

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015年第3期9卷 297-306页

作者： Min-Ho CHEY j. Geoffrey CHASE john B. MANDER Athol j. CARR School of Architecture & Civil Engineering Keimyung University Daegu 42601 Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University Texas 77843 USA Department of Civil & Natural Resources Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand

Based on the performance results of the previously suggested smart building isolation systems （lst companion paper）, this following study verifies the control effects of the systems from the view point of energy dissipation and damage level metrics. Several different model cases of the strategically isolated multi-story building structures utilizing passive dampers and semi-active resettable devices are analyzed and the energy-based target indices are compared. Performance comparisons are conducted on statistically calculated story/structural hysteretic energy and story/structural damage demands over realistic suites of earthquake ground motion records, representing seismic excitations of specific return period probability. Again, the semi-active solutions show significant promise for applications ofresettable device, offering advantages over passive systems in the consistent damage reductions. The specific results of this study include the identification of differences in the mechanisms by which smart building isolation systems remove energy, based on the differences in the devices used. Less variability is also seen for the semi-active isolation systems, indicating an increased robustness.

关键词： smart building isolation story and structural energy-dissipation damage assessment

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Spectral signatures of hydrilla from a tank and field setting

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第4期6卷 453-460页

作者： Alfonso BLANCO john j. QU William E. ROPER George Mason University College of Science Department of Geography and Geoinforrnation Sciences 4400 University Drive Fairfax VA 22030 USA

The invasion of hydrilla in many waterways has caused significant problems resulting in high main- tenance costs for eradicating this invasive aquatic weed. Present identification methods employed for detecting hydrilla invasions such as aerial photography and videos are difficult, costly, and time consuming. Remote sensing has been used for assessing wetlands and other aquatic vegetation, but very little information is available for detecting hydrilla invasions in coastal estuaries and other water bodies. The obj.ctive of this study is to construct a library of spectral signatures for identifying and classifying hydrilla invasions. Spectral signatures of hydrilla were collected from an experimental tank and field locations in a coastal estuary in the upper Chesapeake Bay. These measurements collected from the experimental tank, resulted in spectral signatures with an average peak surface reflectance in the near-infrared （NIR） region of 16% at a wavelength of 818 nm. However, the spectral measure- ments, collected in the estuary, resulted in a very different spectral signature with two surface reflectance peaks of 6% at wavelengths of 725 nm and 818 nm. The difference in spectral signatures between sites are a result of the components in the water column in the estuary because of increased turbidity （e.g., nutrients, dissolved matter and suspended matter）, and canopy being lower （submerged） in the water column. Spectral signatures of hydrilla observed in the tank and the field had similar characteristics with low reflectance in visible region of the spectrum from 400 to 700 nm, but high in the NIR region from 700 to 900 nm.

关键词： Chesapeake Bay hydrilla spectral library spectral signatures near-infrared NDVI

Outcomes of furazolidone-and amoxicillin-based quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection and predictors of failed eradication

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2018年第40期24卷 4596-4605页

作者： Ya-Wen Zhang Wei-Ling Hu Yuan Cai Wen-Fang Zheng Qin Du john j.Kim john Y kao Ning Dai j.an-Min Si Department of Gastroenterology Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016Zhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of Gastroenterology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310009Zhejiang ProvinceChina Division of Gastroenterology Loma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCA 92354United States Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineMichigan MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

AIM To evaluate the outcomes of furazolidone-and amoxicillin-based quadruple therapy for treatment of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and identify predictors of failed *** Patients with H. pylori infection treated with furazolidone, amoxicillin, bismuth, and proton pump inhibitor therapy(j.nuary 2015 to December 2015) who received the ^(13)C-urea breath test > 4 wk after treatment were evaluated. Demographic and clinical data including prior H. pylori treatment attempts, medication adherence, alcohol and cigarette consumption during therapy, and treatment-related adverse events were recorded by reviewing medical records and telephone surveys. H. pylori eradication rates for overall and subgroups were evaluated. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of failed H. pylori *** Of the 992 patients treated and retested for H. pylori infection, the overall eradication rate was 94.5% [95% confidence interval(CI): 94.1%-95.9%]. H. pylori eradication rate of primary therapy was 95.0%(95%CI: 93.5%-96.5%), while that of rescue therapy was 91.3%(95%CI: 86.8%-95.8%). Among the 859 patients who completed the study protocol, 144(17%) reported treatment-related adverse events including 24(3%) leading to premature discontinuation. On multivariate analysis, poor medication adherence [adj.sted odds ratio(AOR) = 6.7, 95%CI: 2.8-15.8], two or more previous H. pylori treatments(AOR = 7.4, 95%CI: 2.2-24.9), alcohol consumption during therapy(AOR = 4.4, 95%CI: 1.5-12.3), and possibly smoking during therapy(AOR = 1.9, 95%CI: 0.9-4.3) were associated with failed H. pylori eradication. CONCLUSION Furazolidone-and amoxicillin-based quadruple therapy for H. pylori infection in an area with a high prevalence of clarithromycin resistance demonstrated high eradication rates as primary and rescue therapies with a favorable safety profile. Patient education targeting abstinence from alcohol during therapy and strict medication a

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Furazolidone Quadruple regimen Side effects Eradication