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Proof of Concept for a twin Prime Number Universe Using Set theory

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期14卷 305-317页

作者： john R. Crary Independent Researcher Lake Zurich IL USA

the Fine Structure Constant (eFSC) Model attempts to give a classical definition to a magical number that underlies much of quantum physics. the Fine Structure Constant (α) value equal to 137.03599206 represents a dimensionless constant that characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic (EM) interaction between subatomic charged particles. Python-generated property counts for the twin prime force F{139/137} show that the adjusted ratio gives a value of α = 137.036. this implies a mathematical framework underlying this constant is based on twin prime numbers and set theory. this study attempts to demonstrate a proof of concept that a hierarchy of fractional twin prime (αII) forces replicates the quantum nature of the universe and is aligned with the Standard Model of Particle Physics. An expanded eFSC Model demonstrates that twin prime forces and their property sets are mathematically viable substitutes for nuclear reactions, as demonstrated for the Beta-minus decay of neutrons into protons. Most significantly, the positive and negative prime numbers define these nuclear reactants and products as positive or negatively charged ions. Furthermore, the eFSC Model provides new insights regarding the hierarchy of EM forces underlying the quantum nature of the universe.

关键词： Fine Structure Constant (α) Prime Numbers Set theory Conceptual Model Quantum Physics Light and Matter Beta-Minus Decay

the Quantum Microverse: A Prime Number Framework for Understanding the Universe

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第2期14卷 264-274页

作者： john R. Crary Independent Researcher Lake Zurich IL USA

this study aims to demonstrate a proof of concept for a novel theory of the universe based on the Fine Structure Constant (α), derived from n-dimensional prime number property sets, specifically α = 137 and α = 139. the FSC Model introduces a new perspective on the fundamental nature of our universe, showing that α = 137.036 can be calculated from these prime property sets. the Fine Structure Constant, a cornerstone in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), implies an underlying structure. this study identifies this mathematical framework and demonstrates how the FSC model theory aligns with our current understanding of physics and cosmology. the results unveil a hierarchy of α values for twin prime pairs U{3/2} through U{199/197}. these values, represented by their fraction parts α♊ (e.g., 0.036), define the relative electromagnetic forces driving quantum energy systems. the lower twin prime pairs, such as U{3/2}, exhibit higher EM forces that decrease as the twin pairs increase, turning dark when they drop below the α♊ for light. the results provide classical definitions for Baryonic Matter/Energy, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Antimatter but mostly illustrate how the combined α♊ values for three adjacent twin primes, U{7/5/3/2} mirrors the strong nuclear force of gluons holding quarks together.

关键词： Fine Structure Constant Fractional Coupling Constants Matter/Antimatter Dark Matter/Energy Quantum gravity Prime Numbers Set theory

Brain Research on Mental Disorders: A Criticism

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2024年第3期13卷 71-85页

作者： john R. Rossiter Faculty of Business and Law University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia School of Psychology Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia

Objective: to expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. Results: the fundamental problem is that brain researchers fail to differentiate between biological mental disorders in which brain processes cause the disorder (notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and melancholic depression) and learned mental disorders in which brain processes mediate but do not cause the disorder (which is the case with reactive depression, reactive anxiety, OCD, and PtSD). Researchers have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the brain that cause biological mental disorders, and will never be able to locate the innumerable specific neural connections that mediate learned mental disorders. Moreover, the author’s review of typical studies in this field shows that they have serious problems with theory, measurement, and data analysis, and that their findings cannot be trusted. Conclusions: Neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders, unlike other neurological research, has been an expensive failure and it is not worth continuing.

关键词： Neuroscience-Based Brain Research Biological Mental Disorders Learned Mental Disorders Research Problems

tree species identity and interaction determine vertical forest structure in young planted forests measured by terrestrial laser scanning

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 266-275页

作者： Mengxi Wang Lander Baeten Frieke Van Coillie Kim Calders Kris Verheyen Quentin Ponette haben Blondeel Bart Muys john Armston hans Verbeeck Q-ForestLab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Forest&Nature Lab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Earth and Life Institute Université Catholique de Louvain(UCLouvain)Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Department of Earth&Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenBelgium Department of geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics,such as biodiversity,habitat,and *** tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical forest structures due to the different physiological and morphological traits of the composing tree ***,the relative importance of species richness,species identity and species interactions for the variation in vertical forest structure remains unclear,mainly because traditional forest inventories do not observe vertical stand structure in *** laser scanning(tLS),however,allows to study vertical forest structure in an unprecedented ***,we used tLS single scan data from 126 plots across three experimental planted forests of a largescale tree diversity experiment in Belgium to study the drivers of vertical forest *** plots were 9–11years old young pure and mixed forests,characterized by four levels of tree species richness ranging from monocultures to four-species mixtures,across twenty composition *** generated vertical plant profiles from the tLS data and derived six stand structural *** mixed models were used to test the effect of species richness on structural *** a hierarchical diversity interaction modelling framework,we further assessed species identity effect and various species interaction effects on the six stand structural *** results showed that species richness did not significantly influence most of the stand structure variables,except for canopy height and foliage height *** identity on the other hand exhibited a significant impact on vertical forest structure across all *** interaction effects were observed to be site-dependent due to varying site conditions and species pools,and rapidly growing tree species tend to dominate these ***,our results highlighted the importance of considering both species identity an

关键词： treeDivNet FORBIO Stand structural complexity terrestrial laser scanning Vertical forest structure tree diversity Planted forests

黄土高原全新世土壤碳酸盐团簇同位素的温度重建

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第四纪研究 2024年第5期44卷 1411-1420页

作者：董吉宝 john EILER 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室陕西西安710061 California Institute of technology PasadenaCA 91125USA

黄土高原黄土-古土壤序列中保存有丰富的土壤碳酸盐,是利用碳酸盐团簇同位素(Δ_(47))定量重建古温度的重要地质载体之一。然而,黄土高原全新世土壤碳酸盐Δ_(47)及其气候指示意义的系统研究仍然缺乏。本研究分析了黄土高原南缘渭南剖... 详细信息

黄土高原黄土-古土壤序列中保存有丰富的土壤碳酸盐,是利用碳酸盐团簇同位素(Δ_(47))定量重建古温度的重要地质载体之一。然而,黄土高原全新世土壤碳酸盐Δ_(47)及其气候指示意义的系统研究仍然缺乏。本研究分析了黄土高原南缘渭南剖面和中部洛川剖面上部3 m沉积中保存的全新世土壤碳酸盐(钙结核)的团簇同位素组成,监测了现在地形条件下距地表4 m以内不同深度的土壤温度。结果显示,Δ_(47)定量重建的全新世土壤碳酸盐团簇同位素温度(t_(47))与现代暖季节温度相近,渭南剖面t_(47)平均值约为25℃,洛川剖面约为18℃,较区域年均温高8~10℃。根据t_(47)和土壤碳酸盐氧同位素组成(δ18O)重建的土壤水δ18O也与暖季节降水的δ18O基本一致,这些数据表明黄土高原土壤碳酸盐记录了暖季节的环境信息。值得注意的是,渭南和洛川剖面钙结核t_(47)值与其形成深度的土壤温度基本吻合,结合前人研究结果,这暗示了土壤碳酸盐形成深度对其t_(47)具有显著影响。因此,在将来土壤碳酸盐Δ_(47)的研究中,评估土壤碳酸盐形成深度至关重要。

关键词：土壤碳酸盐团簇同位素(Δ_(47)) 全新世黄土高原季节性

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从h1N1血凝素序列提取的沙门氏菌传递的COBRA-hA1抗原对甲型流感亚型产生广谱保护作用

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 41-56页

作者： Ram Prasad Aganja Amal Senevirathne Chandran Sivasankar john hwa Lee Department of Veterinary Public health College of Veterinary MedicineJeonbuk National UniversityIksan 54596Republic of Korea Department of Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea

A universal vaccine is in high demand to address the uncertainties of antigenic drift and the reduced effectiveness of current influenza *** this study,a strategy called computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen(COBRA)was used to generate a consensus sequence of the hemagglutinin globular head portion(hA1)of influenza virus samples collected from 1918 to 2021 to trace evolutionary changes and incorporate them into the designed *** carrying different hA1regions were delivered into eukaryotic cells by Salmonella-mediated bactofection using a Semliki Forest virus RNA-dependent RNApolymerase(RdRp)-based eukaryotic expression system,*** protein expression was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence *** immunized with the designed constructs produced a humoral response,with a significant increase in immunoglobulin g(Igg)levels,and a cell-mediated immune response,including a 1.5-fold increase in CD4^(+) and CD8^(+)t ***,constructs #1 and #5 increased the production of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)producing CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)t cells,skewing the response toward the t helper type 1 cell(th1)***,interleukin-4(IL-4)-producing t cells were upregulated *** efficacy was demonstrated,with up to 4-fold higher production of neutralizing antibodies and a hemagglutination inhibition titer>40 against the selected viral *** designed constructs conferred a broadly protective immune response,resulting in a notable reduction in viral titer and minimal inflammation in the lungs of mice challenged with the influenza A/PR8/34,A/Brisbane/59/2007,A/California/07/2009,KBPV VR-92,and NCCP 43021 *** discovery revolutionizes influenza vaccine design and delivery;Salmonella-mediated COBRA-hA1 is a highly effective in vivo antigen presentation *** approach can effectively combat seasonal h1N1 influenza strains and potential pandemic outbreaks.

关键词： COBRA Influenza A Salmonella Vaccine Broad spectral protection

What's the Biggest thing in the Universe?

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英语世界 2024年第7期 127-128页

作者： john O'Reilly

What's the biggest thing in the universe? It sounds like a child's question but scientists have been searching for an answer for over thirty years. Now a team led by Dr Roger Clowes from the University of Central Lancashire believe they have found it. the largest thing in the universe may be a group of seventy-three quasars.

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来源：博看期刊

Anja Schuffer Is Stronger than Your

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城市漫步（gBA版） 2024年第2期 31-33页

作者： Kirby john Carney 不详

"I cannot imagine a life without being able to deadlift,"confesses Anja Schuffner,a sentiment that resonates within the strength training *** echoes the legendary words of Jon Pall Sigmarsson,the first four-time winner of the World's Strongest Man,who famously stated,"there is no point in being alive if you cannot do the deadlift."

关键词： Strong words Your

陆生蜗牛壳体日分辨率氧同位记录定量重建"千年一遇"超级暴雨

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Science Bulletin 2024年第14期69卷 2281-2288页

作者：王国桢董吉宝韩韬刘成程罗凡杨昊天何妙宏唐国强赵楠钰张倩薛刚 john Dodson 李秋立晏宏 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266061China Institute of global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Xi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China State Key Laboratory of Isotope geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

A"once-in-a-millennium"super rainstorm battered Zhengzhou,central China,from 07/17/2021 to 07/22/2021(named"7.20"Zhengzhou rainstorm).It killed 398 people and caused billions of dollars in damage.A pressing question is whether rainstorms of this intensity can be effectively documented by geological archives to understand better their historical variabilities beyond the range of meteorological ***,four land snail shells were collected from Zhengzhou,and weekly to daily resolved snail shellδ^(18)O records from June to September of 2021 were obtained by gas-source mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass *** daily resolved records show a dramatic negative shift between 06/18/2021 and 09/18/2021,which has been attributed to the"7.20"Zhengzhou ***,the measured amplitude of this shift is consistent with the theoretical value estimated from the flux balance model and instrumental data for the"7.20"Zhengzhou *** results suggest that the ultra-high resolutionδ^(18)O of land snail shells have the potential to reconstruct local synoptic scale rainstorms quantitatively,and thus fossil snail shells in sedimentary strata can be valuable material for investigating the historical variability of local rainstorms under different climate backgrounds.

关键词： Rainstorm Land snail shell d18O Paleoweather Central China