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Factors Associated with Glycated Hemoglobin Levels >6.5% among Diabetic Patients Attending Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2021年第1期11卷 10-25页

作者： Maina Charity Muringo Joseph Mutai john gachohi School of Public Health Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Centre for Public Health Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Washington State University Global Health Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Introduction: Good quality care in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whose prevalence is approximately 10% in Kenya, may prevent or delay diabetes complications. This study determined blood glycemic targets, defined by HbA1c levels (>6.5% [53 mmol/mol]) and associated factors among patients receiving diabetes management at Kenyatta National Hospital in Kenya. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted between May to September 2017, we obtained blood samples from 381 consenting T2DM patients attending KNH. The study collected data using a detailed questionnaire while taking glycemic measurements. Factors associated with poor glycemic control (HbA1c levels >6.5%) were determined using Ordinal logistic regression modeling, STATA software version 13. Results: 103 (27.1%) T2DM patients with poor glycemic control were identified. In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors associated with poor glycemic control and their 95% confidence intervals included: concurrent hypertension (aOR 1.6, [1.1, 2.4]), receiving ≥3 oral anti-diabetes medication (aOR 2.4, [1.3, 4.6]) and good adherence to medication based on self-reporting (aOR 6.2, [1.9, 41.3). Independent protective factors included self-monitoring of blood glucose levels (aOR 0.35, [0.2, 0.4]), patients aged 51 to 60 years (aOR 0.5, [0.3, 0.9]), weight between 50 and 70

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Glycemic Control Glycated Hemoglobin Kenya

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Association of Nutritional Supplements with Nutritional Status and Treatment Outcomes of Visceral Leishmaniasis among Children Aged 5 - 12 Years in Baringo and West Pokot Counties, Kenya

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第4期14卷 547-564页

作者： Ann Iruata Namulen john gachohi Anselimo Makokha Joseph Mutai Department of Knowledge Management Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Public Health Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Food Science Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Public Health Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe form of leishmaniasis that affects about 90,000 people annually worldwide. It is mainly transmitted by Leishmania donovani and infantum, which can cause damage to internal organs, such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. If left untreated, severe cases can be fatal, as the disease can lead to severe secondary diseases, mycological and bacterial infections, and hemorrhages. Nutritional deficiencies and concurrent infections increase the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis and the likelihood of lethality. There is limited information about the relationship between the disease and nutrition in endemic areas in Kenya. Objective: The study was to analyze the association of nutritional supplements with the nutritional status and treatment outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis among children aged 5 - 12 years in Baringo and West Counties in Kenya. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design adopting quantitative data collection method was used in this study. A total of 204 children aged 5 - 12 years were included in the study. Data on nutritional status and treatment outcomes for VL was collected using a questionnaire and consent form. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted to compare BMI, fever, spleen size, splenic aspirate after treatment, and the presence of PKDL in a 3-month follow-up. The data was analyzed using R statistical software with descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests and t-tests. The impact of treatment was estimated using the difference-in-difference method to compare changes in outcomes over time between the intervention and comparison groups. Results: The baseline characteristics assessed in this study were socio-demographics (age, gender, marital status, education and religion), vitamins (A, B, C, D) and minerals (zinc, Iron and Iodine). The results showed that the mean age was 8.72, children aged 5 - 9 years were 64.7%, and those aged 10 - 12 years were 35.3% in

关键词： Visceral Leishmaniasis Micronutrients Minerals Vitamins Implications

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Utilization of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevention Services, and Associated Factors among the Long-Distance Truck Drivers along the Northern Corridor Highway, Kenya

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2021年第3期11卷 39-58页

作者： Cyrus Mutie Salome Kairu-Wanyoike Susan Mambo Reagan Ngoge john gachohi School of Public Health Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Meat Training Institute Ministry of Agriculture Livestock Fisheries and Cooperatives Nairobi Kenya Washington State University-Global Health Program Nairobi Kenya

Background: Often, long-distance truck drivers’ (LDTDs’) work predisposes them to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) whose outcomes are influenced by access and behavior of seeking sexual health care. Methodology: In this study, we assessed the utilization of HIV/STI preventive services and associated factors among 296 LDTDs operating along the northern corridor highway using an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data collection at Mlolongo stopover in Machakos, Kenya. Responses for the investigated variables, including condom use, history of HIV testing, frequency of HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and follow-up for the HIV positive and STI treatment, were assigned a score of either 1 or 0 depending on the question’s dimension. Following summing up for each participant, we computed a weighted score ranging between 0 and 1 by dividing the summed responses by the number of eligible variables. We arbitrarily multiplied these scores by 8 to generate endpoint scores ranging from one to eight for each participant to help create a dichotomized outcome variable for utilization levels: limited utilization (1 to 4) and good utilization (5 to 8). Association between certain independent variables and the outcome variable (level of utilization of H.I.V./STIs preventive services) was analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis in R statistical software. Results: The mean age of the LDTDs was 38.4 years, ranging from 24 - 57 years. The majority (n = 287, 97%) of the LDTDs had been tested on HIV at least once since the beginning of their career. Only 4.9% of the LDTDs had been tested on HIV within the previous three months. Of the 175 LDTDs who reported a history of STI, most (n = 173, 98.9%) of them had sought treatmen

关键词： Utilization Factors Sexually Transmitted Infections HIV/STI Services Long-Distance Truck Drivers Northern Corridor Highway Kenya

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