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Sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy: Current issues

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第4期19卷 463-481页

作者： john K Triantafillidis emmanuel Merikas Dimitrios Nikolakis Apostolos e Papalois Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease "Saint Panteleimon" General HospitalNikaia12461 HaidariGreece experimental Research Center ELPEN Pharmaceuticals19009 AthensGreece

Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy can successfully be performed by applying moderate(conscious) *** sedation,using midazolam and an opioid,is the standard method of sedation,although propofol is increasingly being used in many countries because the satisfaction of endoscopists with propofol sedation is greater compared with their satisfaction with conventional ***,the use of propofol is currently preferred for the endoscopic sedation of patients with advanced liver disease due to its short biologic half-life and,consequently,its low risk of inducing hepatic *** the future,propofol could become the preferred sedation agent,especially for routine *** is the benzodiazepine of choice because of its shorter duration of action and better pharmacokinetic profile compared with *** opioids,pethidine and fentanyl are the most popular.A number of other substances have been tested in several clinical trials with promising *** them,newer opioids,such as remifentanil,enable a faster *** controversy regarding the administration of sedation by an endoscopist or an experienced nurse,as well as the optimal staffing of en-doscopy units,continues to be a matter of *** sedation in special clinical circumstances,such as in the cases of obese,pregnant,and elderly individuals,as well as patients with chronic lung,renal or liver disease,requires modification of the dose of the drugs used for *** the great majority of patients,sedation under the supervision of a properly trained endoscopist remains the standard practice *** this review,an overview of the current knowledge concerning sedation during digestive endoscopy will be provided based on the data in the current literature.

关键词： Gastrointestinal endoscopy endoscopy Sedation Analgesia Digestive system

A holistic approach to improving safety for battery energy storage systems

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： James Close Jonathan e.Barnard Y.M.john Chew Semali Perera Department of Chemical engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK ioMosaic International Limited 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage systems(BeSS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and numerous BeSS failure events have *** spread adoption will only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the management and design of *** understand the causes of failure,the main challenges of BeSS safety are *** consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing thermal runaway,and a case study of a BeSS explosion in Surprise Arizona is *** on the technology and past events,a paradigm shift is required to improve BeSS *** this review,a holistic approach is *** combines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lumped cell mathematical modelling,and calorimetry,alongside additional measures taken to ensure BeSS safety including the requirement for computational fluid dynamics and kinetic modelling,assessment of installation level testing of the full BeSS system and not simply a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chromatography,and composition *** holistic approach proposed in this study aims to address challenges of BeSS safety and form the basis of a paradigm shift in the safety management and design of these systems.

关键词： energy storagesystems Process safety Battery safety Thermal safety

Parametric optimisation of two Pelton turbine runner designs using CFD

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第3期27卷 403-412页

作者： IDONIS Audrius PANAGIOTOPOULOS Alexandros AGGIDIS George A. ANAGNOSTOPOULOS john S. PAPANTONIS Dimitris e. Lancaster University Renewable energy Group and Fluid Machinery Group engineering Department Lancaster University School of Mechanical engineering National Technical University of Athens

This paper aims to develop a generic optimisation method for Pelton turbine runners using computational fluid dynamics （CFD）. Two different initial runners are optimised to achieve more generic results. A simple bucket geometry based on existing bibliography is parameterised and initially optimised using fast Lagrangian solver （FLS）. It is then further optimised with a more accurate method using ANSYS Fluent. The second geometry is a current commercial geometry with good initial performance and is optimised using ANSYS CFX. The analytical results provided by CFX and Fluent simulations are used to analyse the characteristics of the flow for different runner geometries.

关键词： hydropower Pelton impulse turbines numerical modelling bucket geometry parameterisation optimisation

Letting Go is Never easy:Abscission and Receptor- Like Protein Kinases

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第12期55卷 1251-1263页

作者： Chad e.Niederhuth Sung Ki Cho Kati Seitz john C.Walker Department of Genetics University of Georgia Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Interdisciplinary Plant Group University of Missouri Department of Horticulture Iowa State University

Abscission is the process by which plants discard organs in response to environmental cues/stressors, or as part of their normal development. Abscission has been studied throughout the history of the plant sciences and in numerous species. Although long studied at the anatomical and physiological levels, abscission has only been elucidated at the molecular and genetic levels within the last two decades, primarily with the use of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This has led to the discovery of numerous genes involved at all steps of abscission, including key pathways involving receptor-like protein kinases （RLKs）. This review covers the current knowledge of abscission research, highlighting the role of RLKs.

关键词： Abscission abscission zone cell separation cell wall remodeling receptor-like protein kinase.

An apple rootstock overexpressing a peach CBF gene alters growth and flowering in the scion but does not impact cold hardiness or dormancy

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 287-295页

作者： Timothy S Artlip Michael e Wisniewski Rajeev Arora john L Norelli USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWVUSA Department of Horticulture Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

The C-repeat binding factor(CBF)transcription factor is involved in responses to low temperature and water deficit in many plant *** of CBF genes leads to enhanced freezing tolerance and growth inhibition in many *** overexpression of a peach CBF(PpCBF1)gene in a transgenic line of own-rooted apple(Malus×domestica)M.26 rootstock(T166)trees was previously reported to have additional effects on the onset of dormancy and time of spring *** the current study,the commercial apple cultivar‘Royal Gala’(RG)was grafted onto either non-transgenic M.26 rootstocks(RG/M.26)or transgenic M.26(T166)rootstocks(RG/T166)and field grown for 3 *** PpCBF1 transcript was detected in the phloem or cambium of RG scions grafted on T166 rootstocks indicating that no graft transmission of transgene mRNA had *** contrast to own-rooted T166 trees,no impact of PpCBF1 overexpression in T166 rootstocks was observed on the onset of dormancy,budbreak or non-acclimated leaf-cold hardiness in RG/T166 ***,however,as measured by stem caliper,current-year shoot extension and overall height,was reduced in RG/T166 trees compared with RG/M.26 *** flowering was evident in both RG/T166 and RG/M.26 trees in the second season,the number of trees in flower,the number of shoots bearing flowers,and the number of flower clusters per shoot was significantly higher in RG/M.26 trees than RG/T166 trees in both the second and third year after *** levels of RGL(DeLLA)gene expression were observed in RG/T166 trees and T166 trees,which may play a role in the reduced growth observed in these tree types.A model is presented indicating how CBF overexpression in a rootstock might influence juvenility and flower abundance in a grafted scion.

关键词： impact CBF grafted

Net ecosystem carbon exchange for Bermuda grass growing in mesocosms as affected by irrigation frequency

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 393-401页

作者： Yuan LI Gabriel *** Timothy J.CLOUGH john e.HUNT David WHITeHeAD Department of Soil and Physical Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647(New Zealand) Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research P.O.Box 69040Lincoln 7640(New Zealand) State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020(China) Soil Biology Group Wageningen University and ResearchP.O.Box 47Wageningen 6700 AA(The Netherlands)

Intensification of grazed grasslands following conversion from dryland to irrigated farming has the potential to alter ecosystem carbon(C)cycling and affect components of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange that could lead to either net accumulation or loss of soil *** there are many studies on the effect of water availability on biomass production and soil C stocks,much less is known about the effect of the frequency of water inputs on the components of CO_(2)*** grew Bermuda grass(Cynodon dactylon L.)in mesocosms under irrigation frequencies of every day(I_(1) treatment,30 d),every two days(I_(2) treatment,12 d),every three days(I_(3) treatment,30 d),and every six days(I_(6) treatment,18 d,after I_(2) treatment).Rates of CO_(2)exchange for estimating net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange(F_(N)),ecosystem respiration(R_(e)),and soil respiration(R_(S))were measured,and gross C uptake by plants(F_(G))and respiration from leaves(R_(L))were calculated during two periods,1–12 and 13–30 d,of the 30-d *** the first 12 d,there were no significant differences in cumulative F_(N)(mean±standard deviation,61±30 g C m^(-2),n=4).During the subsequent 18 d,cumulative F_(N) decreased with decreasing irrigation frequency and increasing cumulative soil water deficit(W),with values of 70±22,60±16,and 18±12 g C m^(-2) for the I_(1),I_(3),and I_(6) treatments,*** were similar decreases in F_(G),R_(e),and R_(L) with increasing W,but differences in R_(S) were not *** of the C_(4) grass growing in a C_(3)-derived soil enabled partitioning of R_(S) into its autotrophic(R_(A))and heterotrophic(R_(H))components using a^(13)C natural abundance isotopic technique at the end of the experiment when differences in cumulative W between the treatments were the *** values of R_(H) and its percentage contributions to R_(S)(43%±8%,42%±8%,and 8%±5%for the I_(1),I_(3),and I_(6) treatments,respectively)suggested that R_(H) remained unaffected across a wide

关键词： ^(13)C natural abundance CO_(2)exchange N_(2)O emission soil heterotrophic respiration water deficit

Linewidth narrowing in self-injection-locked on-chip lasers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第10期12卷 2074-2083页

作者： emad Alkhazraji Weng W.Chow Frédéric Grillot john e.Bowers Yating Wan Integrated Photonics Lab King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955Saudi Arabia Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM 87185-1086USA LTCI Télécom ParisInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91120 PalaiseauFrance Department of electronic and Computer engineering University of California-Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

Stable laser emission with narrow linewidth is of critical importance in many applications,including coherent communications,LIDAR,and remote *** this work,the physics underlying spectral narrowing of self-injection-locked on-chip lasers to Hz-level lasing linewidth is investigated using a composite-cavity *** integrated III–V/SiN lasers operating with quantum-dot and quantum-well active regions are analyzed with a focus on the effects of carrier quantum *** intrinsic differences are associated with gain saturation and carrier-induced refractive index,which are directly connected with 0-and 2-dimensional carrier densities of *** from parametric studies are presented for tradeoffs involved with tailoring the linewidth,output power,and injection current for different device *** both quantum-well and quantum-dot devices show similar linewidth-narrowing capabilities,the former emits at a higher optical power in the self-injection-locked state,while the latter is more ***,a multi-objective optimization analysis is provided to optimize the operation and design *** the quantum-well laser,minimizing the number of quantum-well layers is found to decrease the threshold current without significantly reducing the output *** the quantum-dot laser,increasing the quantum-dot layers or density in each layer increases the output power without significantly increasing the threshold *** findings serve to guide more detailed parametric studies to produce timely results for engineering design.

关键词： narrowing injection quantum

High-Con cent rat ion electrosynthesis of Formic Acid/Formate from CO_(2):Reactor and electrode Design Strategies

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energy & environmental Materials 2023年第6期6卷 141-157页

作者： Yizhu Kuang Hesamoddin Rabiee Lei Ge Thomas e.Rufford Zhiguo Yuan john Bell Hao Wang Centre for Future Materials University of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldQLD 4300Australia Australian Centre for Water and environmental Biotechnology(ACWeB formerly AWMC)The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia School of Chemical engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by renewable energy,provides a potential carbon-neutral avenue to convert CO_(2)into valuable fuels and *** of CO_(2)into formic acid/formate is considered one of the economical and feasible methods,owing to their high energy densities,and ease of distribution and *** separation of formic acid/formate from the reaction mixtures accounts for the majority of the overall CO_(2)RR process cost,while the increment of product concentration can lead to the reduction of separation cost,*** this paper,we give an overview of recent strategies for highly concentrated formic acid/formate products in CO_(2)***_(2)RR is a complex process with several different products,as it has different intermediates and reaction ***,this review focuses on recent study strategies that can enhance targeted formic acid/formate yield,such as the all-solid-state reactor design to deliver a high concentration of products during the reduction of CO_(2)in the ***,some novel electrolyzers are introduced as an engineering strategy to improve the concentration of the formic acid/formate and reduce the cost of downstream ***,the design of planar and gas diffusion electrodes(GDes)with the potential to deliver high-concentration formic acid/formate in CO_(2)RR is ***,the existing technological challenges are highlighted,and further research recommendations to achieve high-concentration products in CO_(2)*** review can provide some inspiration for future research to further improve the product concentration and economic benefits of CO_(2)RR.

关键词： electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction electrode design formic acid/formate high-concentration reactor design

基于冗余度分析的海上风电场可靠性提高方法(英文)

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电力系统自动化 2010年第4期34卷 84-91页

作者：杨进 john O' ReILLY john e. FLeTCHeR 华北电力大学电力工程系河北省保定市071003 Department of electronics and electrical engineering University of GlasgowG12 8LT英国 Department of electronic and electrical engineering University of StrathclydeG1 1XW英国

讨论了基于冗余度分析的海上风电场内部电能收集系统和传输系统可靠性提高方法。定义了风电场低压/中压网络与高压传输系统的冗余度。在同时考虑可靠性和经济性的前提下,提出了系统进行风电场冗余设计的方法。采用大型海上风电场设计实... 详细信息

讨论了基于冗余度分析的海上风电场内部电能收集系统和传输系统可靠性提高方法。定义了风电场低压/中压网络与高压传输系统的冗余度。在同时考虑可靠性和经济性的前提下,提出了系统进行风电场冗余设计的方法。采用大型海上风电场设计实例对所提方法进行了验证,得到了最优冗余设计结果。该方法对于提高具有复杂拓扑的大型海上风电场电能收集和传输系统的可靠性具有一定应用优势。

关键词：大型海上风电场冗余度可靠性电能收集系统传输系统