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证据学的现代趋势:一切都生机盎然?

证据学论坛

证据学论坛 2010年 15卷 253-262页

作者： john d.jackson 王进喜爱尔兰Belfast女王大学中国政法大学证据科学研究院

一、导言当证据学思想史的老前辈William Twining处于其探索的较早阶段时,他得出了这样的结论,即尽管正统的证据文献有诸多优点,仍可以对其提出许多指摘。第一,它过于狭隘,关注的几乎完全是可采性规则。第二,它是非理论性的,因为许多讨...

一、导言当证据学思想史的老前辈William Twining处于其探索的较早阶段时,他得出了这样的结论,即尽管正统的证据文献有诸多优点,仍可以对其提出许多指摘。第一,它过于狭隘,关注的几乎完全是可采性规则。第二,它是非理论性的,因为许多讨论都是在假定的常识性的经验主义范围内进行的。第三,它是非连贯性的,因为法律理论的概念框架没有为建立与其他论域的联系提供足够的基础。第四,它导

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组织工程中肾脏血管化构建的领先方法（英文）

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Engineering 2022年第12期 117-127+6页

作者： diana S.Lim john d.jackson Anthony Atala James J.Yoo Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest University School of MedicineMedical Center Boulevard

由于肾衰竭发病率升高的速度远超治疗方法的进展速度,因而对这种疾病新的治疗方法的需求也是以前所未有的速度不断增加。目前的治疗受制于可供应的活器官,而世界范围内均缺乏这种器官。这些治疗模式还需要大量的基础结构,这也极大地限...

由于肾衰竭发病率升高的速度远超治疗方法的进展速度,因而对这种疾病新的治疗方法的需求也是以前所未有的速度不断增加。目前的治疗受制于可供应的活器官,而世界范围内均缺乏这种器官。这些治疗模式还需要大量的基础结构,这也极大地限制了大多数国家的患者获得医疗服务的机会。通过肾脏组织工程方法有望开发出替代的解决方案,解决目前治疗中仍存在的许多不足之处。尽管在生物制造和全器官组织工程方面已经取得了许多进展——主要是在过去的十年中取得的,但仍然存在许多挑战。当前组织工程方法进展中的一个主要障碍是如何对已形成的工程化组织构建体实施成功的血管化。本文主要涉及近年来解决血管问题取得的进展,包括脉管系统的生物制造、通过脱细胞和再细胞化方法实施全器官工程、微尺度器官形成,以及在肾脏组织工程背景下以类器官取得血管化。我们还着重探讨了在制定成功的临床转化策略中仍然存在的具体问题。

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Theoretical study and optimization of a high power mid-infrared erbium-doped ZBLAN fibre laser

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第3期20卷 239-246页

作者：李剑峰 Stuart d.jackson School of Optoelectronic Information University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Institute of Photonics and Optical Science School of PhysicsUniversity of Sydney

Based on the rate equations describing the erbium-doped fluoride glass （ZBLAN） fibre lasers with different pumping configurations being taken into account, this paper presents theoretical calculations related to the dynamic population density and the operation performance of a high power mid-infrared all-fibre erbium-doped ZBLAN fibre laser. It shows that the ground-state absorption, excited-state absorption and energy-transfer-upconversion processes co-exist and produce a population balance, causing the laser to operate stably at a continuous wave state. A good agreement between the theoretical results and recent experimental measurement is obtained. Furthermore, the laser structure parameters including fibre length, reflectance of output fibre Bragg grating and pumping configurations are quantitatively optimised to achieve the best performance. The results show, as expected, that the slope efficiency of the fibre laser can be improved significantly through optimisation, which then provides an important guide for the design of high-performance mid-infrared erbium-doped ZBLAN fibre lasers.

关键词： Lerbium-doped fibre laser mid-infrared fibre laser ZBLAN fibre rate equations

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Aerodynamics of a Tandem-Bladed Axial Compressor Rotor under Circumferential distortion at different Rotational Speeds

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1340-1356页

作者： Amit KUMAR Jerry T.john A.M.PRAdEEP R.A.dAKKERMANS dragan KOZULOVIC department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai400076India department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Applied Sciences20099HamburgGermany Institute of Jet Propulsion Bundeswehr University Munich85577NeubibergGermany

For most aircraft engines,inflow distortion is *** distortion is known to degrade the aerodynamic performance and stable operating limits of a *** rotor configuration is an arrangement that effectively controls the growth of the boundary layer over the suction surface of the ***,a higher total pressure rise can be achieved through this unconventional design approach involving the splitting of the blade into forward and aft *** is expected that the effect of inlet flow distortion would be more severe for a tandem-rotor design due to the greater flow turning inherent in such ***,this aspect needs to be thoroughly *** present study discusses the effect of circumferential distortion on the tandem-rotor at different rotational ***-annulus RANS simulations using ANSYS CFX are used in the present *** performance of the rotor at a particular flow coefficient and different rotational speeds is *** total pressure and efficiency are observed to drop at lower mass flow rates under the influence of circumferential *** loss region in each blade passage is mainly associated with the blade wake,tip leakage vortex,secondary flow,and boundary ***,their contribution varies from passage to passage,particularly in the distorted *** the lower span,the wake width is found to be higher than that at a higher *** to the redistribution of the mass flow,the circumferential extent reduces at a higher *** the undistorted sector,the strength of the tip leakage vortex is significantly higher at the design rotational speed than at lower *** distortion near the tip region promotes an early vortex breakdown even at the design operating *** adversely affects the total pressure,efficiency,and stall *** clean flow conditions,this phenomenon is only observed near the stall *** the design operating condition,the breakdown of the forward rotor tip l

关键词： tandem rotor circumferential distortion loss tip leakage vortex vortex breakdown diffusion factor aerodynamics of compressor blade

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Challenges and Opportunities in Preserving Key Structural Features of 3d-Printed Metal/Covalent Organic Framework

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 362-381页

作者： Ximeng Liu dan Zhao john Wang department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore National University of Singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing 401123People’s Republic of China

Metal-organic framework(MOF)and covalent organic framework(COF)are a huge group of advanced porous materials exhibiting attractive and tunable microstructural features,such as large surface area,tunable pore size,and functional surfaces,which have significant values in various application *** emerging 3d printing technology further provides MOF and COFs(M/COFs)with higher designability of their macrostructure and demonstrates large achievements in their performance by shaping them into advanced 3d ***,the currently available 3d printing M/COFs strategy faces a major challenge of severe destruction of M/COFs’microstructural features,both during and after 3d *** is envisioned that preserving the microstructure of M/COFs in the 3d-printed monolith will bring a great improvement to the related *** this overview,the 3d-printed M/COFs are categorized into M/COF-mixed monoliths and M/COF-covered *** differences in the properties,applications,and current research states are *** up-to-date advancements in paste/scaffold composition and printing/covering methods to preserve the superior M/COF microstructure during 3d printing are further discussed for the two types of 3d-printed M/*** the analysis of the current states of 3d-printed M/COFs,the expected future research direction to achieve a highly preserved microstructure in the 3d monolith is proposed.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Covalent organic frameworks 3d printing Microstructure Monolith

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Integrated Single-cell Multiomic Analysis of HIV Latency Reversal Reveals Novel Regulators of Viral Reactivation

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第1期22卷 67-88页

作者： Manickam Ashokkumar Wenwen Mei jackson J.Peterson Yuriko Harigaya david M.Murdoch david M.Margolis Caleb Kornfein Alex Oesterling Zhicheng Guo Cynthia d.Rudin Yuchao Jiang Edward P.Browne department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA HIV Cure Center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA department of Biostatistics University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA department of Medicine Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA department of Computer Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA department of Statistics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA department of Biology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

despite the success of antiretroviral therapy,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)cannot be cured because of a reservoir of latently infected cells that evades *** understand the mechanisms of HIV latency,we employed an integrated single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing(scATAC-seq)approach to simultaneously profile the transcriptomic and epigenomic characteristics of~125,000 latently infected primary Cd4^(+)T cells after reactivation using three different latency reversing *** expressed genes and differentially accessible motifs were used to examine transcriptional pathways and transcription factor(TF)activities across the cell *** identified cellular transcripts and TFs whose expression/activity was correlated with viral reactivation and demonstrated that a machine learning model trained on these data was 75%-79%accurate at predicting viral ***,we validated the role of two candidate HIV-regulating factors,FOXP1 and GATA3,in viral *** data demonstrate the power of integrated multimodal single-cell analysis to uncover novel relationships between host cell factors and HIV latency.

关键词： HIV latency reversal Primary Cd4þT cell Single-cell multiomics HIV-regulating factor Machine learning

Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVId-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K Jacobs Steven d Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell Timothy J Kendall david A dorward Jonathan A Fallowfield Peter C Hayes john N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUNd Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLd),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19),while preexisting MASLd increases the risk of LI and the development of COVId-19-associated *** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVId-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell *** To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of MASLd and in patients who died with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of MASLd were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the MASLd pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVId-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic MASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the MASLd *** A

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVId-19 COVId-19-associated cholangiopathy

desialylated Platelet Clearance in the Liver is a Novel Mechanism of Systemic Immunosuppression

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 35-50页

作者： June Li danielle Karakas Feng Xue Yingyu Chen Guangheng Zhu Yeni H.Yucel Sonya A.MacParland Haibo Zhang john W.Semple john Freedman Qizhen Shi Heyu Ni department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group TorontoONCanada Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St.Michael's Hospital TorontoONCanada Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation TorontoONCanada departments of Pediatrics Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA Blood Research Institute Versiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science Ryerson UniversityTorontoONCanada Multi-Organ Transplant Program Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteTorontoONCanada department of Immunology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Critical Care Medicine Department ofAnesthesiology and PainUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada department of Physiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada department of Pharmacology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada. division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Lund UniversityLundSweden clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Ofice of Medical ServicesRegion SkaneLundSweden department of Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Children's Research Institute Children's WisconsinWauwatosaWIUSA Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer Fund Research Center MilwaukeeWIUSA.

Platelets are small, versatile blood cells that are critical for hemostasis/thrombosis. Local platelet accumulation is a known contributor to proinflammation in various disease states. However, the anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive potential of platelets has been poorly explored. Here, we uncovered, unexpectedly, desialylated platelets (dPLTs) down-regulated immune responses against both platelet-associated and -independent antigen challenges. Utilizing multispectral photoacoustic tomography, we tracked dPLT trafficking to gut vasculature and an exclusive Kupffer cell-mediated dPLT clearance in the liver, a process that we identified to be synergistically dependent on platelet glycoprotein Ibα and hepatic Ashwell–Morell receptor. Mechanistically, Kupffer cell clearance of dPLT potentiated a systemic immunosuppressive state with increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and circulating Cd4+ regulatory T cells, abolishable by Kupffer cell depletion. Last, in a clinically relevant model of hemophilia A, presensitization with dPLT attenuated anti-factor VIII antibody production after factor VIII ( infusion. As platelet desialylation commonly occurs in daily-aged and activated platelets, these findings open new avenues toward understanding immune homeostasis and potentiate the therapeutic potential of dPLT and engineered dPLT transfusions in controlling autoimmune and alloimmune diseases.

关键词： Platelet transfusion homeostasis

damage evolution of rock-encased-backfill structure under stepwise cyclic triaxial loading

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 597-615页

作者： Xin Yu Yuye Tan Weidong Song john Kemeny Shengwen Qi Bowen Zheng Songfeng Guo Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100089China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100089China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines(Ministry of Education of China) University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China department of Mining and Geological Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZ86721USA

Rock-encased-backfill(RB)structures are common in underground mining,for example in the cut-andfill and stoping *** understand the effects of cyclic excavation and blasting activities on the damage of these RB structures,a series of triaxial stepwise-increasing-amplitude cyclic loading experiments was conducted with cylindrical RB specimens(rock on outside,backfill on inside)with different volume fractions of rock(VF=0.48,0.61,0.73,and 0.84),confining pressures(0,6,9,and 12 MPa),and cyclic loading rates(200,300,400,and 500 N/s).The damage evolution and meso-crack formation during the cyclic tests were analyzed with results from stress-strain hysteresis loops,acoustic emission events,and post-failure X-ray 3d fracture *** results showed significant differences between cyclic and monotonic loadings of RB specimens,particularly with regard to the generation of shear microcracks,the development of stress memory and strain hardening,and the contact forces and associated friction that develops along the rock-backfill *** important finding is that as a function of the number of cycles,the elastic strain increases linearly and the dissipated energy increases ***,compared with monotonic loading,the cyclic strain hardening characteristics are more sensitive to rising confining pressures during the initial compaction *** finding is that compared with monotonic loading,more shear microcracks are generated during every reloading stage,but these microcracks tend to be dispersed and lessen the likelihood of large shear fracture *** transition from elastic to plastic behavior varies depending on the parameters of each test(confinement,volume fraction,and cyclic rate),and an interesting finding was that the transformation to plastic behavior is significantly lower under the conditions of 0.73 rock volume fraction,400 N/s cyclic loading rate,and 9 MPa *** the findings have important practical implications on t

关键词： Rock and backfill Triaxial cyclic loading Volume fraction damage evolution 3d visualization