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How reproductive allocation and flowering probability of individuals in plant populations are affected by position in stand size hierarchy,plant size and CO_(2) regime

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第4期1卷 207-215页

作者： Caroline Brophy David J.Gibson Peter M.Wayne john connolly School of Mathematical Sciences Environmental and Ecological Modelling GroupUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Department of Plant Biology Center for EcologySouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901-6509USA Harvard Medical School Osher Research Center Landmark Center Suite 22A401 Park DrBostonMA 02215USA

Aims We investigate the effect of position within a size-structured population on the reproductive allocation(RA)and flowering probability of individual plants of Sinapis *** also assess the effects of plant size and changing level of CO_(2) on both *** Sinapis arvensis L.,(field mustard),an annual agricultural weed,was grown in monoculture at six densities under ambient and elevated CO_(2) in a study with 84 *** aboveground biomass and reproductive biomass were *** density produced a wide range of mean plant sizes across stands and size hierarchies within ***(;40%)individuals had zero reproductive *** a novel modelling approach,we analysed the joint effects of position in stand size hierarchy,plant size and CO_(2) on RA and flowering probability of *** Findings We found a strong effect of position within the size hierarchy of individuals in a population:for an individual of a given size,greater size relative to neighbours substantially increased RA and flowering probability at a single harvest *** was no other effect of plant size on *** found a positive effect of elevated CO_(2) on RA regardless of position within the size *** observed patterns could impact doubly on the reproductive biomass(R)of small ***,because RA is not affected by size,smaller plants will have smaller R than larger plants;and second,for smaller plants lower down in a population size hierarchy,their RA and hence R will be further *** results suggest that size relative to neighbours may be independent of and more important than direct abiotic effects in determining *** studies are required to evaluate how these observed patterns generalize to other populations in non-experimental conditions.

关键词： asymmetric competition neighbour effects nonreproducing plants stand effects Sinapis arvensis

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Control Groups: Not Truly Baseline

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2014年第4期4卷 319-325页

作者： Tsee Leng Choy john F. connolly McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study (MiNDS) McMaster University Hamilton Canada

Although routinely used, control group criteria vary considerably in research. Drawing from aspects in our normative study on musical emotion perception, we show how a group of participants who would normally be considered a control group in most studies, display clear event-related potential (ERP) differences when grouped by affective assessment scores that are rarely administered to presumed “control” group candidates. This preliminary finding demonstrates the importance of careful screening of control group membership. Failure in this process can produce misleading observations, undermining the validity of results.

关键词： Event-Related Potentials ERPs Emotion Music Alexithymia Depression Sampling Bias

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失物之书

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作者： (爱尔兰)约翰·康诺利(john connolly)

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失物之书

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作者： (爱尔兰)约翰·康诺利(john connolly)

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Dissociation of the N400 component between linguistic and non-linguistic processing: A source analysis study

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2014年第1期4卷 25-39页

作者： Anne Gallagher Renée Béland Phetsamone Vannasing Maria Luisa Bringas Pedro Valdes Sosa Nelson J. Trujillo-Barreto john connolly Maryse Lassonde Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition Psychologie Department University of Montreal Montreal Canada Centro de Neurosciencias Havana Cuba CHU Ste-Justine Research Center Montreal Canada International Center for Neurological Rehabilitation (CIREN) Havana Cuba Language Memory & Brain Laboratories Department of Linguistics & Languages McMaster University Hamilton Canada

The N400 component is commonly associated with the detection of linguistic incongruity. A few studies have shown that the N400 can also be elicited by non-linguistic stimuli. Different spatiotemporal patterns were observed between the typical Linguistic N400 and the Non-linguistic N400, suggesting distinct brain generators. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of an N400 in response to linguistic and non-linguistic stimuli, and to specify anatomical sources of both N400s using a novel analysis method: the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) distributed source model. Picture-word and environmental soundpicture associations, either congruent or incongruent, were presented to ten young healthy adults while highdensity ERP recordings were made. Standard electrophysiological analyses confirmed that the N400 was not specific to linguistic incongruity but was also elicited by environmental sound-picture incongruities. Different topographic distributions were obtained for the Linguistic N400 and Non-linguistic N400. BMA analysis showed that the Linguistic N400 generators were mostly located in the left superior temporal gyrus, whereas the sources of the Non-linguistic N400 were identified mostly in the right middle and superior temporal gyri. Detection of linguistic incongruities recruited cerebral areas commonly associated with language processing, whereas non-linguistic incongruities recruited right cerebral regions usually associated with auditory processing of non-linguistic stimuli. The Linguistic and Non-linguistic N400s appear to be elicited by similar cognitive mechanisms assumed by different cerebral areas depending on the type of material to be processed. The present findings support the existence of parallel pathways for the processing of linguistic and non-linguistic incongruities.

关键词： Event-Related Potentials Incongruity Semantic Environmental Sounds Distributed Source Model BMA

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Empire

Empire

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作者： connolly john. Ridyard Jennifer.

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How much has the Sun influenced Northern Hemisphere temperature trends?An ongoing debate

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第6期21卷 131-198页

作者： Ronan connolly Willie Soon Michael connolly Sallie Baliunas Johan Berglund C.john Butler Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco Ana G.Elias Valery M.Fedorov Hermann Harde Gregory W.Henry Douglas V.Hoyt Ole Humlum David R.Legates Sebastian Liming Nicola Scafetta Jan-Erik Solheim Laszlo Szarka Harry van Loon Victor M.Velasco Herrera Richard C.Willson Hong Yan Weijia Zhang Center for Environmental Research and Earth Science(CERES) SalemMA 01970USA Independent scientists DublinIreland Retired formerly Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsCambridgeMA 02138USA Independent researcher MalmoSweden Retired formerly Armagh ObservatoryCollege HillArmagh BT619DGNorthern IrelandUK Comision de Investigaciones Cientlficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Grupo de Estudios Ambientales Universidad Tecnologica NationalColpn 332San Nicolas(2900)Buenos AiresArgentina Laboratorio de Fisica de la Atmosfera Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y TecnologlaUniversidad National de TucumanAv.Independencia 18004000 TucumanArgentina Instituto de Fisica del Noroeste Argentino(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tecnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucuman) 4000 TucumanArgentina Faculty of Geography LomonosovMoscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory St.1Moscow 119991Russia Helmut-Schmidt-University HamburgGermany Center of Excellence in Information Systems Tennessee State UniversityNashvilleTN 37209 USA Independent scientist Berkeley SpringsWVUSA Emeritus Professor in Physical Geography Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway College of Earth Oceanand the EnvironmentUniversity of DelawareNewark DE 19716-2541USA Institute for Hydrography Geoecology and Climate SciencesHauptstra/3e 476315 AgeriSwitzerland Department of Earth Sciences Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico nComplesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelovia Cinthia2180126 NaplesItaly Retired formerly Department of Physics and TechnologyUiT The Arctic University of Norway9037 TromspNorway ELKH Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science 9400 SopronCsatkai utca 6-8Hungary Retired formerly National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColoradoUSA Instituto de Geofisica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad UniversitariaCoyoacan04510Mexico D.F.Mexico Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor(ACRIM) CoronadoCA 92118USA State Key Laboratory of Loe

In order to evaluate how much Total Solar Irradiance(TSI)has influenced Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature trends,it is important to have reliable estimates of both *** different estimates of the changes in TSI since at least the 19th century were compiled from the *** of these estimates are"low variability"and half are"high variability".Meanwhile,five largely-independent methods for estimating Northern Hemisphere temperature trends were evaluated using:1)only rural weather stations;2)all available stations whether urban or rural(the standard approach);3)only sea surface temperatures;4)tree-ring widths as temperature proxies;5)glacier length records as temperature *** standard estimates which use urban as well as rural stations were somewhat anomalous as they implied a much greater warming in recent decades than the other estimates,suggesting that urbanization bias might still be a problem in current global temperature datasets-despite the conclusions of some earlier ***,all five estimates confirm that it is currently warmer than the late 19th century,i.e.,there has been some"global warming"since the 19th *** each of the five estimates of Northern Hemisphere temperatures,the contribution from direct solar forcing for all sixteen estimates of TSI was evaluated using simple linear least-squares *** role of human activity on recent warming was then calculated by fitting the residuals to the UN IPCC’s recommended"anthropogenic forcings"time *** all five Northern Hemisphere temperature series,different TSI estimates suggest everything from no role for the Sun in recent decades(implying that recent global warming is mostly human-caused)to most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity(that is,that recent global warming is mostly natural).It appears that previous studies(including the most recent IPCC reports)which had prematurely concluded the former,had done so be

关键词： Sun:activity (Sun:)solar terrestrial relations (Sun:)sunspots Sun:faculae,plages

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Extraterrestrial Impacts and Geomagnetic Reversals

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2022年第3期10卷 952-959页

作者： Pirooz Mohazzabi Michael J. connolly Julia A. Jones john D. Skalbeck Nicholas A. Potter Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Wisconsin-Parkside Kenosha WI USA Department of Geosciences University of Wisconsin-Parkside Kenosha WI USA

The existing data on the confirmed extraterrestrial impacts and geomagnetic reversals are examined. Differential rotation of the inner core of the Earth relative to the rest of the planet has been observed through seismic records. Differential rotation between the inner and outer core is thought to be related to the geomagnetic field of the Earth. Extraterrestrial impacts with the surface of the Earth have been shown to cause changes in this differential rotation. It is shown in this paper that there is a strong correlation between the dates of major impacts and geomagnetic reversals. This strongly supports the possibility of major extraterrestrial impacts being one of the causes of geomagnetic reversals as has been suggested previously.

关键词： Earth Extraterrestrial Impact Geomagnetic Reversal

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失物之书

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2017年

作者： (爱尔兰)约翰·康诺利(john connolly)

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Point-of-care ultrasound versus radiology department pelvic ultrasound on emergency department length of stay

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第3期7卷 178-182页

作者： Scan P. Wilson Kiah connolly Shadi Lahham Mohammad Subeh Chanel Fischetti Alan Chiem Ariel Aspen Craig Anderson john C. Fox Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to compare the time to overall length of stay(LOS) for patients who underwent point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) versus radiology department ultrasound(RDUS).METHODS: This was a prospective study on a convenience sample of patients who required pelvic ultrasound imaging as part of their emergency department(ED) ***: We enrolled a total of 194 patients who were on average 32 years-old. Ninety-eight(51%) patients were pregnant(<20 weeks). Time to completion of RDUS was 66 minutes longer than POCUS(95%CI 60–73, P<0.01). Patients randomized to the RDUS arm experienced a 120 minute longer ED length of stay(LOS)(95%CI 66–173, P<0.01)CONCLUSION: In patients who require pelvic ultrasound as part of their diagnostic evaluation, POCUS resulted in a signifi cant decrease in time to ultrasound and ED LOS.

关键词： Point-of-care ultrasound Pelvic ultrasound Length of stay Intrauterine pregnancy

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