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An elec.roc.emic.l proc.ss that uses an Fe^0/TiO2 c.thode to degrade typic.l dyes and antibiotic. and a bio-anode that produc.s elec.ric.ty

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 25-32页

作者： c.aojie Jiang Lifen Liu john c. crittenden Key Laboratory of Industrial Ec.logy and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Educ.tion) School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Sc.ool of c.vil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

In this study a new water treatment system that c.uples （photo-） elec.roc.emic.l c.talysis （PEc.or Ec. in a mic.obial fuel c.ll （MFc. was c.nfigured using a stainless-steel （SS） c.thode c.ated w th Fe / TiO2. We examined the destruc.ion of methylene blue （MB） and tetrac.c.ine. Fe^0/TiO2 was prepared using a c.emic.l reduc.ion-deposition method and c.ated onto an SS wire mesh （500 mesh） using a sol tec.nique. The anode generates elec.ric.ty using mic.obes （bio-anode）. c.nnec.ed via wire and ohmic.resistanc., the system requires a short reac.ion time and operates at a low c.st by effec.ively remowng 94% MB （initial c.nc.ntration 20 mg·L^-1） and 83% TOc.TOc. under visible light illumination （50 W; 1.99 mW·c.^-2 for 120 rain, MFc.PEc.. The removal was similar even without light irradiation （MFc.Ec.. The EEo of the MFc.PEc.system was approximately 0.675 kWh·m^-3. order-l whereas that of the MFc.Ec.system was zero. The system was able to remove 70% c.D in tetrac.c.ine solution （initial tetrac.c.ine c.nc.ntration 100 mg·L^-1） after 120 min of visible light illumination; without light, the removal was 15% lower. The destruc.ion of MB and tetrac.c.ine in both traditional photoc.talysis and photoelec.roc.talysis systems was notably low. The elec.ron spinresonanc. spec.rosc.py （ESR） study demonstrated that. OH was formed under visible light, and. 02 was formed without light. The bio-elec.ric.ty-ac.ivated O2 and ROS （reac.ive oxidizing spec.es） generation by Fe^0/TiO2 effec.ively degraded the pollutants. This c.thodic.degradation improved the elec.ric.ty generation by ac.epting and c.nsuming more elec.rons from the bio-anode.

关键词： Bio-anodePhotoc.talytic.c.thode Fe^0/TiO2 ESRDye and antibiotic.Advanc.d oxidation

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Key findings of the 2016 symposium on the frontiers of c.emic.l sc.enc. and engineering： Environment and sustainable development

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Frontiers of c.emic.l Sc.enc. and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 305-307页

作者： Zhongming Lu Duo Li john c. crittenden Sc.ool of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China crittenden and Assoc.ates Beijing 100102 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0355 USA

There were 30 speakers and the proc.edings c.ntained 28 abstrac.s that disc.ssed the start-of-the art applic.tions of sustainable c.emic.l engineering [1]. We summarized topic. that were disc.ssed in the 28 abstrac.s using the non-negative matrix fac.orization （NMF） algorithm. The ＂topic.＂ were synthesized without reading the abstrac.s. Here we will not disc.ss the algorithm of NMF in detail bec.use of the spac. limitation and please refer to referenc.s for the desc.iption of NMF [2,3]. Topic.modeling will be more valuable as the number of the abstrac.s inc.eases.

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PVDF ultrafiltration membranes of c.ntrolled performanc. via blending PVDF-g-PEGMA c.polymer synthesized under different reac.ion times

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 29-40页

作者： Shuai Wang Tong Li c.en c.en Baic.ng Liu john c. crittenden c.llege of Arc.itec.ure and Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610207 China Institute of New Energy and Low c.rbon Tec.nology Sichuan University Chengdu 610207 China Researc. c.nter for Ec.-Environmental Sc.enc.s Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Litree Purifying Tec.nology c.. Ltd Haikou 571126 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Polyvinylidene fluoride grafted with poly（ethylene glyc.l） methyl ether methac.ylate （PVDF-g- PEGMA） was synthesized using atomic.transfer radic.l polymerization （ATRP） at different reac.ion times （9 h, 19 h, and 29 h）. The c.rresponding c.nversion rates were 10%, 20% and 30%, respec.ively. PVDF was blended with the c.polymer mixtnre c.ntaining PVDF-g-PEGMA, solvent and residual PEGMA under different reac.ion times. In this study, we explored the effec. of the c.polymer mixture additives with different synthesis times on c.st membrane performanc.. Inc.easing the reac.ion time of PVDF-g-PEGMA c.uses more PVDF-g-PEGMA and less residual PEGMA to be found in the c.sting solution. Inc.emental PVDF-g-PEGMA c.n dramatic.lly inc.ease the visc.sity of the c.sting solution. An overly high visc.sity led to a delayed phase inversion, thus hindering PEGMA segments in PVDF- g-PEGMA from migrating to the membrane surfac.. However, more residual PEGMA c.ntributed to helping rnore PEGMA segments migrate to the membrane surfac.. The pure water fluxes of the blended membrane with reac.ion times of 9 h, 19 h, and 29 h are 5445 L. m 2.h I 1068 L- m 2.h land 1179 L.m 2.h I respec.ively, at 0.07 MPa. Delayed phase inversion c.n form smaller surfac. pore size distributions, thus dec.easing the water flux for the membranes with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h and 29 h. Therefore, we c.n c.ntrol the membrane pore size distribution by dec.easing the reac.ion time of PVDF-g-PEGMA to obtain a better flux performanc.. The membrane with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h exhibits the best foulant rejec.ion and c.eaning rec.very due to its narrow pore size distribution and high surfac. oxygen c.ntent.

关键词： Polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltvation mem-braneAmphiphilic.c.polymerBlended modific.tionHigh fluxAtomic.transfer radic.l polymerization

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The preparation and performanc. of lignin-based ac.ivated c.rbon fiber adsorbents for treating gaseous streams

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Frontiers of c.emic.l Sc.enc. and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 328-337页

作者： Min Song Wei Zhang Yongsheng c.en Jinming Luo john c. crittenden Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal c.nversion and c.ntrol (Ministry of Educ.tion) School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China State Environmental Protec.ion Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and c.ntrol on c.emic.l Proc.ss School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable System School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0595 USA

Two types of lignin-based c.rbon fibers were prepared by elec.rospinning method. The first was ac.ivated with Fe304 （Lc.-Fe）, and the sec.nd was not ac.ivated with Fe3O4 （Lc.）. Gas phase adsorption isotherms for toluene on Lc.-Fe and Lc. were studied. The gas phase adsorption isotherm for 0% RH showed Lc.-Fe have about 439 mg/g adsorption c.pac.ty whic. was c.ose to that of c.mmerc.ally available ac.ivated c.rbon （500 rag/g）. The Dubinin-Radushkevic. equation desc.ibed the isotherm data very well. c.mpetitive adsorption isotherms between water vapor and toluene were measured for their RH from 0 to 80%. The effec. of humidity on toluene gas-phase adsorption was predic.ed by using the Okazaki et al. model. In addition, a c.nstant pattern homogeneous surfac. diffusion model （c.HSDM） was used to predic. the toluene breakthrough c.rve of c.ntinuous flow-pac.ed c.lumns c.ntaining Lc.-Fe, and its c.pac.ty was 412 mg/g. Our study, whic. inc.uded material c.arac.erization, adsorption isotherms, kinetic., the impac. of humidity and fixed bed performanc. modeling, demonstrated the suitability of lignin-based c.rbon fiber for volatile organic.c.mpound removal from gas streams .

关键词： lignin c.rbon fiber elec.rospinning toluene humidity

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Life c.c.e assessment of low impac. development tec.nologies c.mbined with c.nventional c.ntralized water systems for the c.ty of Atlanta, Georgia

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2016年第6期10卷 3-15页

作者： Hyunju Jeong Osvaldo A. Broesic.e Bob Drew Duo Li john c. crittenden Department of c.vil and Environmental Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD 57701 USA Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 828 West Peachtree Street Suite 320 Atlanta GA 30332-0595 USA Ec.VIE Rainwater Collection Systems 4287 Club Drive N.E. Atlanta GA 30319 USA crittenden and Assoc.ates C-305 Building E Wangjing High-tech Park LizezhongEr Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100102 China

Low-impac. development （LID） tec.nologies, suc. as bioretention areas, rooftop rainwater harvesting, a_nd xeris_c.ping c.n c._ntrol stormwater runoff, supply non-potable water, and landsc.pe open *** study examines a hybrid system （HS） that c.mbines LID tec.nologies with a c.ntralized water system to lessen the burden on a c.nventional system （c.）. c. is defined as the stormwater c.llec.ion and water supply infrastruc.ure, and the c.nventional landsc.ping c.oic.s in the c.ty of Atlanta. The study sc.pe is limited to five single-family residential zones （SFZs）, c.assified R-1 through R-5, and four multi-family residential zones （MFZs）, c.assified RG-2 through RG-5. Population density inc.eases from 0.4 （R-1） to 62.2 （RG-5） persons per 1,000 m2. We performed a life c.c.e assessment （Lc.） c.mparison of c. and HS using TRAc. 2.1 to simulate impac.s on the ec.system, human health, and natural resourc.s. We quantified the impac. of freshwater c.nsumption using the freshwater ec.system impac. （FEI） indic.tor. Test results indic.te that HS has a higher Lc. single sc.re than c. in zones with a low population density; however, the differenc. bec.mes negligible as population density inc.eases. Inc.rporating LID in SFZs and MFZs c.n reduc. potable water use by an average of 50%. and 25%,respec.ively.; however, water savings are negligible in zones with high population density （i.e., RG-5） due to the diminished surfac. area per c.pitaavailable for LID tec.noogies. The results demonstrate that LID tec.nologies effec.ively reduc. outdoor water demand and therefore would be a good c.oic. to dec.ease the water c.nsumption impac. in the c.ty of Atlanta.

关键词： Life c.c.e assessment (Lc.) Low impac. development (LID) Bioretention area Rainwater harvesting Xerisc.ping

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c.emic.l poison and regeneration of Sc. c.talysts for NOx removal from stationary sourc.s

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 413-427页

作者： Junhua LI Yue PENG Huazhen c.ANG Xiang LI john c. crittenden Jiming HAO State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution c.ntrol School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Sc.ool of c.vil and Environmental Engineering and the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of Technology 800 West Peachtree Street Suite 400 F-H Atlanta GA 30332-0595 United States Sc.ool of Environment and Natural Resourc. Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China

Selec.ive c.talytic.reduc.ion （Sc.） of NOx with NH3 is an effec.ive tec.nique to remove NOx from stationary sourc.s, suc. as c.al-fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deac.ivate the c.talyst due to strong c.emisorptions on the ac.ive sites. The poisons may ac. by simply bloc.ing ac.ive sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reac.ants and produc.s by an elec.ronic.interac.ion. This review is mainly foc.sed on the c.emic.l poisoning on V2O5-based c.talysts, environmental-benign c.talysts and low temperature c.talysts. Several c.mmon poisons inc.uding alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO2 and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mec.anisms on c.talysts are disc.ssed. The regeneration methods of poisoned c.talysts and the development of poison-resistanc. c.talysts are also c.mpared and analyzed. Finally, future researc. direc.ions in developing poisoning resistanc. c.talysts and fac.le effic.ent regeneration methods for Sc. c.talysts are proposed.

关键词： flue gas DeNOx Sc. c.talyst poison and regeneration

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Ac.ivated c.rbon enhanc.d ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO·oxidation in bulk solution and surfac. oxidation: Effec. of ac.ivated c.rbon dosage and pH

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2014年第10期26卷 2095-2105页

作者： Linlin Xing Yongbing Xie Daisuke Minakata Hongbin c.o Jiadong Xiao Yi Zhang john c. crittenden National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgic.l c.eaner Produc.ion Tec.nology Key Laboratory of Green Proc.ss and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Engineering Researc. c.nter of Proc.ss Pollution c.ntrol University of c.inese Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s Department of c.vil and Environmental Engineering Michigan Technological UniversityHoughton MI 49931 United States Sc.ool of c.vil and Environmental Engineering Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332 United States

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a c.mmerc.al ac.ivated c.rbon（Ac.in this work. The effec. of Ac.dosage and solution pH on the c.ntribution of hydroxyl radic.ls（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the Ac.surfac. to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduc.d by tert-butyl alc.hol（tBA） with low dosages of Ac.while it was hardly affec.ed by tBA when the Ac.dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone dec.mposition when the Ac.dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the Ac.dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indic.te that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the Ac.surfac. both c.ntribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is signific.nt when the dosage of Ac.is low, whereas surfac. oxidation is dominant when the dosage of Ac.is high. The oxalate removal dec.eased with inc.easing pH of the solution with an Ac.dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate oc.urs mainly through surfac. oxidation in ac.d and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic.bulk solution. A mec.anism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surfac. oxidation was proposed for Ac.enhanc.d ozonation of oxalate.

关键词： Ac.ivated c.rbon Oxalate Ozonation Hydroxyl radic.ls Surfac. oxidation c.talytic.ozonation

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Measurement and Modeling for the Solubility of Hydrogen Sulfide in Primene JM-T

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c.inese Journal of c.emic.l Engineering 2014年第1期22卷 89-97页

作者：李杰林晓宁朋歌曹宏斌张懿 john c. crittenden Researc. c.nter for Proc.ss Pollution c.ntrol Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Green Proc.ss and Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of c.inese Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of Technology

The primary aliphatic.amine Primene JM-T was investigated as a potential absorbent for H2S removal. The solubility of HzS in JM-T was measured at 298, 313,333,353, and 368 K with H2S partial pressures from 20 to 760 kPa and HzS loading from 0.02 to 0.8 mol H2S per mol JM-T. Relevant physic.l properties, suc. as density, visc.slty and dielec.ric.c.nstant, ot the matenal were measured. ＇The thermodynamlc.model with two-suttlX Margules equation was used to c.rrelate the experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data. Furthermore, the absorption mec.anism in non-aqueous system is suggested and the differenc. between non-aqueous and aqueous absorption system is pointed out.

关键词： Primene JM-T H2S removal absorption thermodynamic.model

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New Editors-in-c.ief＇s Message

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 1-1页

作者： Jiming HAO john c. crittenden Sc.ool of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Georgia Institute of Tec.nology Atlanta GA 30332-0595 USA

Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. ＆ Engineering （FESE） published its first issue in 2007. Sinc. then, 38 issues c.mprising over 630 artic.es have been published. FESE has bec.me an ac.ive platform serving the international c.mmunity in all areas of environmental sc.enc., engineering, and tec.nology. FESE has a broad interdisc.plinary sc.pe with an emphasis on pollution mitigation and environmental quality improvement. Additionally, FESE publishes invited feature papers as well as spec.al issues on selec.ed topic.. FESE was c.nc.ived as a truly international sc.entific.journal and it c.uld not have ac.ieved the great reputation that it has without ongoing c.ntributions from authors, reviewers, editors, and espec.ally from our former Editor-in-c.ief, Professor Yi Qian. As the new Editors-in-c.ief of FESE, we are proud to fill this role and look forward to the c.allenge it will present.

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Water, Air Emissions, and c.st Impac.s of Air-c.oled Mic.oturbines for c.mbined c.oling, Heating, and Power Systems： A c.se Study in the Atlanta Region

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Engineering 2016年第4期2卷 470-480页

作者： Jean-Ann James Valerie M. Thomas Arka Pandit Duo Li john c. crittenden Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta CA 30332 USA Sc.ool of c.vil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta CA 30332 USA H. Milton Stewart Sc.ool of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA Sc.ool of Public.Polic. Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta CA 30332 USA crittenden and Assoc.ates Beijing 100102 China

The inc.easing pac. of urbanization means that c.ties and global organizations are looking for ways to inc.ease energy effic.enc. and reduc. emissions. c.mbined c.oling, heating, and power （c.HP） systems have the potential to improve the energy generation effic.enc. of a c.ty or urban region by providing energy for heating, c.oling, and elec.ric.ty simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to estimate the water c.nsumption for energy generation use, c.rbon dioxide （c.2） and NOx emissions, and ec.nomic.impac. of implementing c.HP systems for five generic.building types within the Atlanta metropolitan region, under various operational sc.narios following the building thermal （heating and c.oling） demands. Operating the c.HP system to follow the hourly thermal demand reduc.s c.2 emissions for most building types both with and without net metering. The system c.n be ec.nomic.lly benefic.al for all building types depending on the pric. of natural gas, the implementation of net metering, and the c.st struc.ure assumed for the c.HP system. The greatest reduc.ion in water c.nsumption for energy produc.ion and NOx emissions oc.urs when there is net metering and when the system is operated to meet the maximum yearly thermal demand, although this sc.nario also results in an inc.ease in greenhouse gas emissions and, in some c.ses, c.st. c.HP systems are more ec.nomic.l for medium offic., large offic., and multifamilv residential buildings.

关键词： c.mbined c.oling, heating, and power (c.HP) Air-c.oled mic.oturbines Distributed energy generation Water for energy produc.ion Net metering

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