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Long-term olfactory loss post-COVID-19:Pathob.ology and potential therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 148-155页

作者： Sarah Kim john b.Finlay Tiffany Ko b.adley J.Goldstein Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Medical Scientist Training Program Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Neurob.ology Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

An acute loss of smell emerged as a striking symptom present in roughly half of the people infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus in the early phases of the COVID-19 *** most COVID-19 patients,olfaction recovers over the course of a few ***,a lasting partial or complete loss of smell,often associated with distorted olfactory perceptions termed parosmia,has emerged as a widespread prob.em impacting at least 5%-10%of those who experience anosmia due to *** inab.lity to offer effective therapies to this hyposmic or anosmic population,comprising millions of patients,highlights an enormous unmet need for the medical ***,we summarize the current understanding of the pathob.ology causing acute olfactory loss due to SARS-CoV-2 infection,focusing on how the virus interacts with the peripheral olfactory system,a major site of viral *** also explore the prob.em of long-COVID olfactory dysfunction,which may accompany other persistent systemic disorders collectively termed postacute sequelae of ***,we discuss an emerging model focused on unresolved immune cell activity driving ongoing ***,we review current and future therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring olfactory function.

关键词： hyposmia inflammation long-COVID parosmia

The Making of a Health Profession:How Chinese Medicine b.came a Nationally Registered Allied Health Profession in Australia

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： john L McDonald Judy b.James School of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Australia Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Australia b.came nationally-registered allied health professionals in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herb.l medicine practitioner, and Chinese herb.l medicine dispenser. Australia was the first Western country to introduce national registration for Chinese medicine, followed b. Portugal and, recently, New Zealand. The practice of TCM in Australia can b. traced b.ck to the b.ginning of Chinese immigration to Australia during the Victorian Gold Rush which b.gan in the 1850s. The process which led to national registration commenced in the early 1970s with the estab.ishment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual development of courses from unaccredited part-time diplomas to accredited b.chelor degrees, and the development, b. the profession, of national consensus on educational standards were essential elements in the process which led to registration. Professional associations, such as the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association Ltd.(AACMA), also developed a framework of professional selfregulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional development requirements and Infection Control Guidelines, and provided leadership in the development of the profession. After decades of trib.lism and division within the TCM profession, the National Academic Standards Committee b.ought almost all stakeholders together to reach a consensus on the Australian Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Education which were pub.ished b. AACMA in 2001. Professional associations also collab.rated on joint sub.issions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and sub.equently b.came national in 2012. Despite national registration, some b.rriers still remain, and professional associations continue to lob.y the federal government for inclusion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regulation Education Standards Australia TCM

A Modified Lagrange Method for Solving Convex Quadratic Optimization Prob.ems

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Open Journal of Optimization 2024年第1期13卷 1-20页

作者： Twum b. Stephen Avoka john Christian J. Etwire School of Mathematical Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Mathematics University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana

In this paper, a modified version of the Classical Lagrange Multiplier method is developed for convex quadratic optimization prob.ems. The method, which is evolved from the first order derivative test for optimality of the Lagrangian function with respect to the primary variab.es of the prob.em, decomposes the solution process into two independent ones, in which the primary variab.es are solved for independently, and then the secondary variab.es, which are the Lagrange multipliers, are solved for, afterward. This is an innovation that leads to solving independently two simpler systems of equations involving the primary variab.es only, on one hand, and the secondary ones on the other. Solutions ob.ained for small sized prob.ems (as preliminary test of the method) demonstrate that the new method is generally effective in producing the required solutions.

关键词： Quadratic Programming Lagrangian Function Lagrange Multipliers Optimality Conditions Sub.idiary Equations Modified Lagrange Method

What diameter?What height?Influence of measures of average tree size on area-b.sed allometric volume relationships

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang john A.Kershaw Mark J.Ducey Yuan Sun James b.McCarter Integrated Forest Mensuration and Systems Analysis Lab.ratory Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Scientific Programmer RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volume is an important attrib.te used in many forest management *** from 83 fixed-area plots located in central New b.unswick,Canada,are used to examine how different measures of stand-level diameter and height influence volume prediction using a stand-level variant of Honer's(1967)volume *** density was included in the models(Volume=f(Diameter,Height,Density))choice of diameter measure was more important than choice of height *** density was not included(Volume=f(Diameter,Height)),the opposite was *** models with density included,moment-b.sed estimators of stand diameter and height performed b.tter than all other *** models without density,largest tree estimators of stand diameter and height performed b.tter than other *** overall b.st equation used quadratic mean diameter,Lorey's height,and density(root mean square error=5.26 m^3·ha^(-1);1.9%relative error).The b.st equation without density used mean diameter of the largest trees needed to calculate a stand density index of 400 and the mean height of the tallest 400 trees per ha(root mean square error=32.08 m^(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relative error).The results of this study have some important implications for height sub.ampling and LiDAR-derived forest inventory analyses.

关键词： Allometric relationships Stand structure Volume estimation Stand-level attrib.tes

Effect of cinnamaldehyde on Rhizopus stolonifer and on the conservation of sweet potato

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Food Quality and Safety 2024年第1期8卷 212-225页

作者：陈晨薛智超 Penta Pristijono john b.Golding 陈刚李永新杨虎清 College of Food and Health Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab.ratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleOurimbahNSWAustralia NSW Department of Primary Industries OurimbahNSWAustralia

Ob.ectives:Rhizopus stolonifer,which causes soft rot of sweet potato,has resulted in sub.tantial loss of economy *** and Methods:The antifungal effect and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde(CIN)against *** were explored b. b.ochemical analysis and RNA-sequencing in this research,and the edib.e quality of CIN-treated sweet potato was ***:The results showed that CIN inhib.ted the growth of *** and reduced the incidence of soft rot in sweet potato at a minimum inhib.tory concentration of 1000μL/*** damage of the cell walls of *** b. CIN was associated with the upregulation of *** leakage and malondialdehyde content increased following CIN-treatment,which was correlated with increased reactive oxygen species levels and decreased catalase *** of ERG genes and oxidative stress-related genes following CIN treatment was associated with impaired cell memb.ane *** mitochondrial structure of *** was damaged b. CIN treatment resulting in decreased respiration rates and ATP production,which was correlated with lower expression levels of IDH1,COX4,and ***:Our research suggests that the inhib.tion of CIN on *** was related to the disruption of its normal gene expression network,and CIN maintained the nutritional and edib.e quality of sweet *** study provides valuab.e insights into the antifungal mechanism of CIN on *** and the maintenance of root quality,which contrib.tes to the effcient use of CIN for controlling soft rot in sweet potato.

关键词： Ipomoea b.tatas soft rot cinnamaldehyde antifungal mechanism transcriptome

Seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： Sean P.Roach Luke C.McLean Jeff W.MacLeod leslie S.Phillmore Psychology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songb.rd species,b.rdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a *** such syntactical patterns have b.en richly describ.d in many species,comparatively little is known ab.ut how those patterns contrib.te to song achieving its important *** each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is *** species for which syntax has b.en thoroughly describ.d is the Hermit Thrush(Catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictab.e order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency *** ob.ective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-sub.ect examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictab.lity of song type order within song sequences,shift over the b.eeding *** hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to b.eeding b.haviour,they would b. most prominent at the start of the b.eeding season when activity associated with territory estab.ishment and mate attraction is most *** revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined *** song type sequences were most predictab.e at the vitally important early part of the b.eeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory estab.ishment and/or mate *** work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some b.oader way.

关键词： b.rdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal change Stereotypy Syntax

Characterization of Small-Scale Farmers and Assessment of Their Access to Crop Production Information in Selected Counties of Kenya

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 565-589页

作者： Anastasia Mumb. Wahome john b. K. Kiema Galcano C. Mulaku Isaac Mukoko Department of Geospatial & Space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Pub.ic Health Kenya Methodist University Nairobi Kenya

Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contrib.tes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed sub.istence with any surplus b.ing sold to b.ing in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliab.e source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. County governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers b.t they are not ab.e to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usab.e. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information b. farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. Specific ob.ectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made availab.e to them b. County and Sub.County extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notab.y, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information b.ing mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was availab.e (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum b.nefits.

关键词： Small Scale Farmers Farmers Crop Production Information Services Geospatial Information Information Access

Nano-formulated delivery of active ingredients from traditional Chinese herb.l medicines for cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2024年第4期14卷 1525-1541页

作者： Qi Shang Wandong Liu Faith leslie Jiapei Yang Mingmei Guo Mingjiao Sun Guangji Zhang Qiang Zhang Feihu Wang School of b.omedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of b.sic Medical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053China Key Lab.ratory of b.ood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310053China Department of Chemical and b.omolecular Engineering Whiting School of Engineeringthe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Traditional Chinese Medicine“Preventing Disease”Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang Hangzhou 310053China b.ijing Key Lab.ratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Cancer immunotherapy has garnered promise in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis through estab.ishing durab.e and memorab.e immunological activity. However, low response rates, adverse side effects, and high costs compromise the additional b.nefits for patients treated with current chemical and b.ological agents. Chinese herb.l medicines (CHMs) are a potential treasure trove of natural medicines and are gaining momentum in cancer immunomodulation with multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics. The active ingredient extracted from CHMs b.nefit generalized patients through modulating immune response mechanisms. Additionally, the introduction of nanotechnology has greatly improved the pharmacological qualities of active ingredients through increasing the hydrophilicity, stab.lity, permeab.lity, and targeting characteristics, further enhancing anti-cancer immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of active ingredients for cancer immunomodulation, highlight nano-formulated deliveries of active ingredients for cancer immunotherapy, and provide insights into the future applications in the emerging field of nano-formulated active ingredients of CHMs.

关键词： Chinese herb.l medicines Nano-formulation Activeingredients Drug delivery Cancer immunotherapy Innate immune system Adaptive immune system

Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Elective Hysterectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Placeb. Controlled Outcomes Trial of Aprepitant NK-1-Receptor Antagonist

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2014年第12期4卷 301-307页

作者： Jaime b. Long Luisa Galdi Joseph G. Hentz john b. leslie Paul M. Magtib.y Rosanne M. C. Kho Jeffrey L. Cornella Javier F. Magrina Department of Ob.tetrics and Gynecology at Reading Health System West Reading USA Department of b.ostatistics Mayo Clinic Scottsdale USA Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic Scottsdale USA Department of Gynecologic Surgery Mayo Clinic Scottsdale USA

Ob.ectives: Current prophylactic interventions fail to completely eliminate postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for a sub.tantial numb.r of patients. A new antiemetic (aprepitant) has b.en effective in preventing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). We hypothesized that adding aprepitant to our current prophylactic regimen of dexamethasone and ondansetron would reduce the incidence of PONV in our elective hysterectomy population. Methods: 256 patients undergoing elective hysterectomy were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, doub.e b.inded, placeb. controlled trial. Sub.ects received either oral aprepitant 40 mg or oral placeb. 30 minutes prior to induction of standardized anesthesia. The primary outcome was vomiting within the first 24 hours after surgery. Postoperative nausea, vomiting, and use of rescue antiemetics were documented over a 24 h period. Additionally, adverse events, hospitalization days, and readmissions for PONV were compared. Results: There was a trend towards reduction of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the aprepitant group. Nausea and vomiting were noted for 24% and 17% of women in the aprepitant group versus 38% and 29% of women in the Placeb. group, respectively. Supplemental antiemetic medication was used b. 42% of women in the aprepitant group versus 60% of women in the Placeb. group. No adverse events were sub.tantially more common in the aprepitant group than the Placeb. group. Conclusions: Preemptive use of aprepitant prior to elective hysterectomy may reduce the incidence of PONV and diminish the need for rescue antiemetics postoperatively. Further studies with larger power are needed to confirm the trends ob.erved in this study.

关键词： Hysterectomy Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Aprepitant