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Microbiological safety of spices and their interaction with antibiotics:implications for antimicrobial resistance and their role as potential antibiotic adjuncts

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Food Quality and Safety 2019年第2期3卷 93-97页

作者： Rachel E.Moore b.Cherie Millar Jayachandran R.Panickar john E.Moore Department of bacteriology Northern Ireland Public Health LaboratoryBelfast City HospitalLisburn RoadBelfastNorthern IrelandBT97ADUK School of biomedical Sciences Ulster UniversityCromore RoadColeraineBT521SANorthern IrelandUK Centre for Experimental Medicine Queen’s University97 Lisburn RoadBelfast BT97BLNorthern IrelandUK Department of Paediatrics Sheikh Khalifa Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

Objectives:A study was undertaken to:*** contaminating bacteria on a variety of spices purchased at retail market;*** if spice bacterial enrichments alter the phenotype of 13 bacterial foodborne and clinical pathogens and 1 probiotic organism;and *** if spices can alter antimicrobial activity of seven clinical antibiotics against 16 bacterial foodborne/clinical *** and Methods:Microbiological examination was undertaken employing 27 spice varieties with four antibiotics and 15 bacterial ***:bacteriological contamination levels varied amongst spice varieties,ranging from Kasmin chilli powder(7.5×10^(6)cfu/g;log10^(6).88 cfu/g)to ginger(1.5×10^(4)cfu/g;log_(10)4.18 cfu/g);mean contamination was 1.38×10^(6)cfu/g(log_(10)6.14 cfu/g).Four species within the genus bacillus were identified(bacillus megaterium,bacillus subtilis,bacillus licheniformis,and bacillus cereus).There was no phenotypic difference with the 14 bacteria,with bacterial colony growth/proliferation,pigment production,or with adhesin and mucoid *** of the spice cultures inhibited any of the 14 bacterial species *** the case of doxycycline,amoxicillin,colistin,erythromycin,and piperacillin/tazobactam,the zone of inhibition increased with the inclusion of the 26 spice varieties,suggesting that the spices were interacting synergistically with the antibiotic,thus making the antibiotic more potent against the bacteria ***:This study demonstrates a positive interaction between spices and conventional *** the burden of antimicrobial resistance(AMR)worldwide,but particularly in South Asian countries(India and Pakistan),any food-related innovation that can help maximize the potency of existing antibiotics is to be encouraged and *** specific mechanism as to how spices increase the potency of antibiotics needs to be elucidated,as well as novel food(spice)delivery modalities including novel medicinal foo

关键词： antibiotic resistance antimicrobial resistance bacillus foodborne pathogen microbiology Pseudomonas aeruginosa spice

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Is Alzheimer’s Disease an Adaptability Disorder? What Role Does Happiness Have in Treatment, Management and Prevention

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2015年第3期5卷 180-188页

作者： john b. Myers Wellspring’s Universal Environment P/L Melbourne Australia

A case presentation indicating the importance of “happiness” in childhood causing memory block until the patent presented with probable mixed vascular and neurodegenerative memory loss at 60 years of age is presented to highlight the role of emotional factors in causing the disease. The question of whether Alzheimer’s disease is an adaptability disorder is raised, given the patient blocked out her memory of her childhood experience. The importance of “happiness” as a treatment goal raises issues of advocacy and Guardianship as well as capacity, which is addressed by actual case reference and court action in defence of the patient’s rights to have their wishes respected and observed. Functional mental capacity assessment, using the Functional Mental State Measure (FMSM) gives a greater indication of neuronal reserve than standard cognitive testing, as it helps to unravel the dilemma associated with pure cognitive assessment in Alzheimer’s Disease as well as vascular dementia patients and patients who, despite retained and intact functional capacity and ability to express their wishes, i.e. “best interest”, are “wrongly” placed under Guardianship. Maladaptive responses, to control the change in external environment that are sensed or perceived, and which lead to disorder or to susceptibility to disease, exemplify a General Systems Theory approach, in which appropriate and adequate responses to environmental change, in behavioural terms, by a person, whether independently, or as the recipient or giver, or both, leads to functional interaction and happiness.

关键词： Alzheimer’s Disease Vascular Dementia “Happiness as a Goal Cause and in Management” Functional Mental Capacity Memory Cognitive Development Advocacy behaviour General Systems Theory

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Erratum to “Is Alzheimer’s Disease an Adaptability Disorder? What Role Does Happiness Have in Treatment, Management and Prevention” [World Journal of Neuroscience 5 (2015) 180-188]

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2015年第4期5卷 292-301页

作者： john b. Myers Wellspring’s Universal Environment P/L Melbourne Australia

A case presentation indicating the importance of “happiness” in childhood causing memory block until the patent presented with probable mixed vascular and neurodegenerative memory loss at 60 years of age is presented to highlight the role of emotional factors in causing the disease. The question of whether Alzheimer’s disease is an adaptability disorder is raised, given the patient blocked out her memory of her childhood experience. The importance of “happiness” as a treatment goal raises issues of advocacy and Guardianship as well as capacity, which is addressed by actual case reference and court action in defence of the patient’s rights to have their wishes respected and observed. Functional mental capacity assessment, using the Functional Mental State Measure (FMSM) gives a greater indication of neuronal reserve than standard cognitive testing, as it helps to unravel the dilemma associated with pure cognitive assessment in Alzheimer’s Disease as well as vascular dementia patients and patients who, despite retained and intact functional capacity and ability to express their wishes, i.e. “best interest”, are “wrongly” placed under Guardianship. A General Systems approach, which recognises functional interaction as optimal and withdrawal or inadequate and/or inappropriate response as not, provides further understanding of the relationship between emotional factors, memory and neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s) disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s Disease Vascular Dementia “Happiness as a Goal Cause and in Management” Functional Mental Capacity Memory Advocacy behaviour General Systems Theory

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Innovative seismic retrofitting strategy of added stories isolation system

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 13-23页

作者： Min-Ho CHEY J.Geoffrey CHASE john b.MANDER Athol J.CARR School of Architecture&Art Yanbian University of Science&TechnologyYanji 133000China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8140New Zealand Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M UniversityTexas 77843USA Department of Civil&Natural Resources Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8140New Zealand

The seismic performance of“added stories isolation”(ASI)systems are investigated for 12-story moment resisting *** newly added and isolated upper stories on the top of the existing structure are rolled to act as a large tuned mass damper(TMD)to overcome the limitation of the size of tuned mass,resulting to“12+2”and“12+4”stories building *** isolation layer,as a core design strategy,is optimally designed based on optimal TMD design principle,entailing the insertion of passive flexible laminated rubber bearings to segregate two or four upper stories from a conventionally constructed lower superstructure *** performance metrics are presented for 30 earthquake records from the 3 suites of the SAC *** history analyses are used to compute various response performances and reduction factors across a wide range of seismic hazard *** show that ASI systems can effectively manage seismic response for multi-degree-of freedom(MDOF)systems across a broader range of ground motions without requiring burdensome extra *** results include the identification of differences in the number of added story by which the suggested isolation systems remove energy.

关键词： added stories seismic isolation tuned mass damper parametric optimization statistical method

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The theory of interaction between wave and basic flow

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Chinese Physics b 2008年第3期17卷 1138-1146页

作者：冉令坤 john P.boyd Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Atmospheric Oceanicand Space ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA

This paper investigates the interaction between transient wave and non-stationary and non-conservative basic flow. An interaction equation is derived from the zonally symmetric and non-hydrostatic primitive equations in Cartesian coordinates by using the Momentum-Casimir method. In the derivation, it is assumed that the transient disturbances satisfy the linear perturbation equations and the basic states are non-conservative and slowly vary in time and space. The diabatic heating composed of basic-state heating and perturbation heating is also introduced. Since the theory of wave-flow interaction is constructed in non-hydrostatic and ageostrophic dynamical framework, it is applicable to diagnosing the interaction between the meso-scale convective system in front and the background flow. It follows from the local interaction equation that the local tendency of pseudomomentum wave-activity density depends on the combination of the perturbation flux divergence second-order in disturbance amplitude, the local change of basic-state pseudomomentum density, the basic-state flux divergence and the forcing effect of diabatic heating. Furthermore, the tendency of pseudomomentum wave-activity density is opposite to that of basic-state pseudomomentum density. The globally integrated basic-state pseudomomentum equation and wave-activity equation reveal that the global development of basic-state pseudomomentum is only dominated by the basic-state diabatic heating while it is the forcing effect of total diabatic heating from which the global evolution of pseudomomentum wave activity results. Therefore, the interaction between the transient wave and the non-stationary and non-conservative basic flow is realized in virtue of the basic-state diabatic heating.

关键词： wave flow interaction pseudomomentum wave activity diabatic heating Momentum Casimir method

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Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of primary hip and knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 170-179页

作者： Tosan Okoro Michael Wan Takura Darlington Mukabeta Ella Malev Marketa Gross Claudia Williams Muhammad Manjra Jan Herman Kuiper john Murnaghan Department of Arthroplasty Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation TrustOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom School of Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUnited Kingdom St Joseph’s Health Centre Unity Health TorontoToronto M6R 1B5Canada Department of Arthroplasty The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom Department of Arthroplasty Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritis CentreToronto M4Y 1H1Canada Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST51BGUnited Kingdom

bACKGROUND Prophylactic antibiotics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic *** aim of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhibitory concentration of the likely organisms that are *** antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower limb arthroplasty from between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optimal frequency and dosing of antibiotic *** To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophylaxis regime,combined with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty METHODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty(THA)/total knee arthroplasty(TKA)with the old regime(OR)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(NR)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patients120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 *** primary outcome in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years *** A total of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were performed in n=1264 *** was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(OR 0.74%(5/675)vs NR 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(OR 2.07%(14/675)vs NR 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years *** propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates between both groups[RR 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in number of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on S

关键词： Antibiotics Weight-adjusted Hip and knee arthroplasty Surgical site infection

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Protective effect of Pisonia aculeata on thioacetamide induced hepatotoxicity in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical biomedicine 2012年第7期2卷 511-515页

作者： Anbarasu C Rajkapoor b bhat KS john Giridharan A Arul Amuthan Satish K Department of Pharmacology Karpagam University Department of Pharmacology Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy Strides Arcolab Regulatory Affairs Strides Arcolab

Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of Pisonia aculeata(***) on thioacetamide induced hepatotoxicity in ***:Male Wistar rats were administered 250 or 500 mg/kg *** *** extract for 21 days and simultaneously administered thioacetamide(TAA) 50 mg/kg bw s.c.1 h alter the respective assigned treatments every 72 *** the end of all experimental methods,all the animals were sacrificed by cervical *** samples were *** was separated and analyzed for various biochemical ***:TAA induced a significant rise in aspartate amino transferase(AST),alanine amino transferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bilirubin,gamma glutamate transpeptidase(GGTP),lipid peroxidase(LPO)with a reduction of total protein,superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase,glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and glutathione S-transferase(GST).Treatment of rats with different does of plant extract(250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly(Pble to the standard drug,silymarin(50 mg/kg.p.o.).Conclusions:It can be concluded that *** extract possesses a remarkable hepaloprolective and antioxidant activity against TAA induced *** research is required lo derive an optimal therapeutic dose.

关键词： Pisonia aculeate Thioacetamide biochemical parameters Antioxidants Lipid peroxidation Histopathology Protective effect

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Iwasawa Theory of Quadratic Twists of X0（49）

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2018年第1期34卷 19-28页

作者： Junhwa CHOI john COATES Department of Mathematics POSTECH Emmanuel College Cambridge University

The field K ---- Q（x/-AT） is the only imaginary quadratic field with class number 1, in which the prime 2 splits, and we fix one of the primes p of K lying above 2. The modular elliptic curve X0 （49） has complex multiplication by the maximal order O of K, and we let E be the twist of Xo （49） by the quadratic extension K（v/M）/K, where M is any square free element of O with M -- i mod 4 and （M, 7） = 1. In the present note, we use surprisingly simple algebraic arguments to prove a sharp estimate for the rank of the MordeII-Weil group modulo torsion of E over the field F∞=k（Ep∞ ）, where Epic denotes the group of p∞-division points on E. Moreover, writing b for the twist of X0（49） by K（C/ET）/K, our Iwasawa-theoretic arguments also show that the weak form of the conjecture of birch and Swinnerton-Dyer implies the non-vanishing at s =1 of the complex L-series of b over every finite layer of the unique Z2-extension of K unramified outside p. We hope to give a proof of this last non-vanishing assertion in a subsequent paper.

关键词： birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture elliptic curves Iwasawa theory

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Computational Modeling of Dual-Phase Ceramics with Finsler-Geometric Phase Field Mechanics

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第8期120卷 333-350页

作者： john D.Clayton US ARL Impact Physics BranchAberdeen Proving GroundMD21005-5066USA

A theory invoking concepts from differential geometry of generalized Finsler space in conjunction with diffuse interface modeling is described and implemented in finite element(FE)simulations of dual-phase polycrystalline ceramic *** parameters accounting for fracture and other structural transformations,notably partial dislocation slip,twinning,or phase changes,are dimensionless entries of an internal state vector of generalized pseudo-Finsler *** investigated in computations are a boron carbide-titanium diboride(b4C-Tib2)composite and a diamond-silicon carbide(C-SiC)*** mechanisms-in addition to elasticity and cleavage fracture in grains of any phase-include restricted dislocation glide(Tib2 phase),deformation twinning(b4C and-SiC phases),and stress-induced amorphization(b4C phase).The metric tensor of generalized Finsler space is scaled conformally according to dilatation induced by cavitation or other fracture modes and densification induced by phase *** of pure shear consider various morphologies and lattice *** of microstructure on overall strength of each composite are *** b4C-Tib2,minor improvements in shear strength and ductility are observed with an increase in the second phase from 10 to 18%by volume,suggesting that residual stresses or larger-scale crack inhibition may be responsible for toughness gains reported *** diamond-SiC,a composite consisting of diamond crystals encapsulated in a nano-crystalline SiC matrix shows improved strength and ductility relative to a two-phase composite with isolated bulk SiC grains.

关键词： Micromechanics ceramic composites,Finsler space differential geometry phase field finite elements

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PRESSURE-VELOCITY EQUILIbRIUM HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2010年第2期30卷 563-594页

作者： john W.Grove Computational Physics Group Computer Computationaland Statistical Sciences DivisionCCS-2 MS D413Los Alamos National Laboratory

This article describes mathematical models for phase separated mixtures of materials that are in pressure and velocity equilibrium but not necessarily temperature equilibrium. General conditions for constitutive model... 详细信息

关键词： Euler equations multiple phase mixtures non-equilibrium temperature mixtures

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