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GP prescribing in Northern Ireland by deprivation index:retrospective analysis

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2020年第3期8卷 18-26页

作者： john scott Frazer Glenn Ross Frazer Somerville College University of OxfordOxfordUK School of Mathematics and Physics Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK

Objective In the present study,we sought to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and prescribing magnitude and cost in primary care throughout Northern *** We performed a retrospective data analysis of general practitioner(GP)prescribing using open-source databases with data collected from May to October 2019 to determine the number of prescriptions and cost of drugs and drug classes by area,ranking these by deprivation *** used Kendall’s tau to quantify the relationship between prescribing and *** We analysed open-source data collected from 325 GP practices in Northern Ireland during the period from May to October *** We analysed a total of 2764303 prescriptions signed during our study *** Our study indicates a clear trend of increased overall spending per patient(r=−0.1232,p=0.02)and number of prescriptions per patient(r=−0.3440,p<0.001)in areas of higher *** mean cost per item was higher in less deprived areas(r=0.3809,p<0.001).Overall,£13.79 more was spent and 3.5 more items were prescribed per patient in the most compared with the least deprived decile,although more expensive items tended to be prescribed in areas with lower socioeconomic deprivation(£11.27 per item vs£9.20 per item).We found a statistically significant correlation of prescribing of key drug classes,such as bronchodilators,antidepressants and drugs used to treat diabetes,among others,with greater *** of vaccines and drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma was correlated with lower *** We provide an exploration of the correlation of prescribing with deprivation by analysing all prescriptions signed within a 6-month period in Northern *** study broadly agrees with published literature,although a few notable exceptions are *** provide evidence of discrepancies in medication cost between areas of differing deprivation and suggest possible explanations for t

关键词： prescription drugs prescribed

Temperature Responses to Infrared-Loading and Water Table Manipulations in Peatland Mesocosms

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1484-1496页

作者： Jiquan Chen scott Bridgham Jason Keller john Pastor Asko Noormets Jake F.Weltzin Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Oregon Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Department of Biological Sciences University of Minnesota National Phenology Network

We initiated a multi-factor global change experiment to explore the effects of infrared heat loading （HT） and water table level （WL） treatment on soil temperature （T） in bog and fen peatland mesocosms. We found that the temperature varied highly by year, month, peatland type, soil depth, HT and WL manipulations. The highest effect of HT on the temperature at 25 cm depth was found in June for the bog mesocosms （3.34-4.27 ℃） but in May for the fen mesocosms （2.32-4.33 ℃） over the 2-year study period. The effects of WL in the bog mesocosms were only found between August and January, with the wet mesocosms warmer than the dry mesocosms by 0.48-2.03 ℃ over the 2-year study period. In contrast, wetter fen mesocosms were generally cooler by 0.16-3.87℃. Seasonal changes of temperatures elevated by the HT also varied by depth and ecosystem type, with temperature differences at 5 cm and 10 cm depth showing smaller seasonal fluctuations than those at 25 cm and 40 cm in the bog mesocosms. However, increased HT did not always lead to warmer soil, especially in the fen mesocosms. Both HT and WL manipulations have also changed the length of the non-frozen season.

关键词： global change infrared mesocosm peatlands warming experiment water table.

Sublethal effects of malathion on boll weevil （Coleoptera： Curculionidae） fecundity when maintained on cotton squares or artificial diet

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Insect Science 2006年第4期13卷 287-292页

作者： john scott ARMSTRONG ALLAN T. SHOWLER MAMOUDOU SETAMOU SHOIL GREENBERG Beneficial Insects Unit Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research Unit Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center USDA-ARS Texas A&M University Citrus Center Welascao Texas USA

Mated 3-day-old female boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, reared from field-infested cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） squares were topically treated with an estimated LD50 of malathion （2μg） to assess its effects on fecundity, oviposition, and body fat condition. Two different food sources, cotton squares and artificial diet, were assessed in malathion-treated and nontreated （control） weevils. The LD50 caused ≈ 50% mortality in the square-fed malathion treatment, but the artificial diet-fed malathion-treated weevils were less susceptible. LD50 survivors fed on the squares produced ≥ 9 times more chorionated eggs in the ovaries and oviposited ≥ 19-fold more than survivors fed artificial diet, regardless of the malathion treatment. Boll weevils that survived a 2μg LD50 malathion and also fed squares were ≈4.5-fold leaner than diet-fed weevils. Our findings demonstrate that non-resistant boll weevils surviving a sublethal dose of malathion will reproduce without any delay or significant loss in fecundity, and the food source for which boll weevils are maintained when conducting these assays will directly affect the results. The significance of these findings and how they are related to the final stages of eradicating the boll weevil from the US are discussed.

关键词： Anthonomus grandis grandis boll weevil fecundity malathion sublethal

Active surveillance monitoring： the role of nove biomarkers and imaging

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 882-884,I0006页

作者： john F Ward scott E Eggener Department of Urology The University of TexasMD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA Department of Urology University of ChicagoChicago IL USA.

＂CANCER＂ is a disease state that leads to progressive illness that is uniformly fatal without treatment. Hippocrates invoked the Greek word karkinos, or ＂crab＂ to describe tumors he observed. For centuries, ＂CANCER＂ remained a disease that was recognized primarily in its locally advanced or metastatic stage, when it was almost uniformly fatal.

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Chronic liver disease in Aboriginal North Americans

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第29期14卷 4607-4615页

作者： john D scott Naomi Garland Department of Medicine Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of WashingtonSeattle WA 98144 United States Department of Laboratory Medicine University of WashingtonSeattle WA 98144 United States

A structured literature review was performed to detail the frequency and etiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) in Aboriginal North Americans. CLD affects Aboriginal North Americans disproportionately and is now one of the most common causes of death. Alcoholic liver disease is the leading etiology of CLD, but viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis C, is an important and growing cause of CLD. High rates of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are reported in regions of coastal British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Non-alcoholic liver disease is a common, but understudied, cause of CLD. Future research should monitor the incidence and etiology of CLD and should be geographically inclusive. In addition, more research is needed on the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in this population.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis B virus American Indian Alaska Native Chronic liver disease

Cs_(3)Bi_(2)l_(9)-hydroxyapatite composite waste forms for cesium and iodine immobilization

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第5期11卷 712-728页

作者： Kun YANG Yachun WANG Junhua SHEN Spencer M.scott Brian J.RILEY john D.VIENNA Jie LIAN Department of Mechanical Aerospaceand Nuclear EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyUSA Department of Materials Science&Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyUSA Savannah River National Laboratory AikenUSA Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandUSA

Perovskite-based ceramic composites were developed as potential waste form materials for immobilizing cesium(Cs)and iodine(I)with high waste loadings and chemical *** perovskite Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)has high Cs(22 wt%)and I(58 wt%)content,and thus can be used as a potential host phase to immobilize these critical *** this work,the perovskite Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)phase was synthesized by a cost effective solution-based approach,and was embedded into a highly durable hydroxyapatite matrix by spark plasma sintering to form dense ceramic composite waste *** chemical durabilities of the monolithic Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)and Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)-hydroxyapatite composite pellets were investigated by static and semi-dynamic leaching tests,*** and I are incongruently released from the matrix for both pure Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)and composite *** normalized Cs release rate is faster than that of I,which can be explained by the difference in the strengths between Cs-I and Bi-I bonds as well as the formation of insoluble micrometer-sized BiOI *** activation energies of elemental releases based on dissolution and diffusion-controlled mechanisms are determined with significantly higher energy barriers for dissolution from the composite versus that of the monolithic Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9).The ceramic-based composite waste forms exhibit excellent chemical durabilities and waste loadings,commensurate with the state-of-the-art glass-bonded perovskite composites for I and Cs immobilization.

关键词： cesium(Cs) iodine(Ⅰ) perovskite nuclear waste hydroxyapatite

Numerical Methods for Solving the Hartree-Fock Equations of Diatomic Molecules I

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第5期5卷 959-985页

作者： john C.Morrison scott Boyd Luis Marsano Bernard Bialecki Thomas Ericsson Jose Paulo Santos Department of Physics University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40292USA Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401-1887USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Chalmers University of Technology and the University of GothenburgSE-41296 GothenburgSweden Department of Physics New University of LisbonLisbonPortugal

The theory of domain decomposition is described and used to divide the variable domain of a diatomic molecule into separate regions which are solved *** approach makes it possible to use fast Krylov methods in the broad interior of the region while using explicit methods such as Gaussian elimination on the *** is demonstrated by solving a number of model problems,these methods enable one to obtain solutions of the relevant partial differential equations and eigenvalue equations accurate to six significant figures with a small amount of computational *** the numerical approach described in this article decomposes the variable space into separate regions where the equations are solved independently,our approach is very well-suited to parallel computing and offers the long term possibility of studying complex molecules by dividing them into smaller fragments that are calculated separately.

关键词： Fast Krylov methods splines Hartree-Fock equations diatomic molecules eigenvalue problem

Tracking domestic ducks:A novel approach for documenting poultry market chains in the context of avian influenza transmission

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第7期15卷 1584-1594页

作者： Chang-Yong Choi john Y Takekawa XIONG Yue LIU Ying Martin Wikelski George Heine Diann J Prosser scott H Newman john Edwards Fusheng Guo Xiangming Xiao Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Center for Spatial AnalysisUniversity of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Western Ecological Research Center U.S.Geological SurveyVallejoCA 94592USA National Audubon Society San FranciscoCA 94104USA Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022P.R.China Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology Max Planck Institute for OrnithologyRadolfzell D-78315Germany Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanz D-78457Germany Patuxent Wildlife Research Center U.S.Geological SurveyBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases(ECTAD)Vietnam Office Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsHanoi 10000Vietnam Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases(ECTAD)China Office Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsBeijing 100600P.R.China Murdoch University MurdochWA 6150Australia Institute of Biodiversity Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433P.R.China

Agro-ecological conditions associated with the spread and persistence of highly pathogenic avian inlfuenza （HPAI） are not well understood, but the trade of live poultry is suspected to be a major pathway. Although market chains of live bird trade have been studied through indirect means including interviews and questionnaires, direct methods have not been used to identify movements of individual poultry. To bridge the knowledge gap on quantitative movement and transportation of poultry, we introduced a novel approach for applying telemetry to document domestic duck movements from source farms at Poyang Lake, China. We deployed recently developed transmitters that record Global Positioning System （GPS） locations and send them through the Groupe Spécial Mobile （GSM） cellular telephone system. For the ifrst time, we were able to track individually marked ducks from 3 to 396 km from their origin to other farms, distribution facilities, or live bird markets. Our proof of concept test showed that the use of GPS-GSM transmitters may provide di-rect, quantitative information to document the movement of poultry and reveal their market chains. Our ifndings provide an initial indication of the complexity of source-market network connectivity and highlight the great potential for future telemetry studies in poultry network analyses.

关键词： avian inlfuenza domestic duck market chain network poultry telemetry

Towards integrated photonic interposers for processing octave-spanning microresonator frequency combs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第6期10卷 1099-1111页

作者： Ashutosh Rao Gregory Moille Xiyuan Lu Daron A.Westly Davide Sacchetto Michael Geiselmann Michael Zervas scott B.Papp john Bowers Kartik Srinivasan Physical Measurement Laboratory Microsystems and Nanotechno logy DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Maryland NanoCenter University of MarylandCollege Park 20742 MDUSA Joint Quantum Institute NIST/University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Ligentec EPFL Innovation ParkBatiment CLausanneSwitzerland Physical Measurement Laboratory Time and Frequency DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyBoulderCO 80305USA Department of Physics University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

Microcombs-optical frequency combs generated in microresonators-have advanced tremendously in the past decade,and are advantageous for applications in frequency metrology,navigation,spectroscopy,telecommunications,and microwave ***,microcombs promise fully integrated miniaturized optical systems with unprecedented reductions in cost,size,weight,and ***,the use of bulk free-space and fiber-optic comp on ents to process microcombs has restricted form factors to the *** microcomb-based optical frequency synthesis around 1550 nm as our target application,here,we address this challenge by proposing an integrated photonics interposer architecture to replace discrete components by collecting,routing,and interfacing octave-wide microcomb-based optical signals between photonic chiplets and heterogeneously integrated ***,we con firm the requisite performa nee of the individual passive elements of the proposed interposer一octave-wide dichroics,multimode interferometers,and tunable ring filters,and implement the octave-spanning spectral filteri ng of a microcomb,central to the in terposer,using silicon n itride phot ***,we show that the thick silicon nitride needed for bright dissipative Kerr soliton generation can be integrated with the comparatively thin silicon nitride interposer layer through octave-bandwidth adiabatic evanescent coupling,indicating a path towards future system-level *** ally,we numerically confirm the feasibility of operating the proposed in terposer synthesizer as a fully assembled *** interposer architecture addresses the immediate need for on-chip microcomb processing to successfully miniaturize microcomb systems and can be readily adapted to other metrology-grade applications based on optical atomic clocks and high-precision navigation and spectroscopy.

关键词： resonator interferometer synthesizer