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Plastic ingestion and associated additives in Faroe Islands chicks of the Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis

Water Biology and Security 2022年第4期1卷 68-76页

作者： France Collard Simon Leconte johannis danielsen Claudia Halsband Dorte Herzke Mikael Harju Felix Tulatz Geir W.Gabrielsen Arnaud Tarroux Norwegian Polar Institute Fram Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentFram CentreN-9296TromsøNorway Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Fram Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentFram CentreN-9296TromsøNorway Faroe Marine Research Institute 100TorshavnFaroe Islands Akvaplan-niva Fram Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentFram CentreN-9296TromsøNorway The Norwegian Institute for Air Research Fram Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentN-9296TromsøNorway

Northern Fulmars(Fulmarus glacialis)are a pelagic seabird species distributed at northern and polar *** are often used as an indicator of plastic pollution in the North Sea region,but data are lacking from higher latitudes,especially when it comes to ***,we investigated amounts of ingested plastic and their characteristics in fulmar chicks from the Faroe *** particles(≥1 mm)in chicks of two age classes were searched using a digestion method with *** addition,to evaluate if additive tissue burden reflects plastic ingestion,we measured liver tissue concentrations of two pollutant classes associated with plastic materials:polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and several dechloranes,using gas chromatography with high-resolution mass *** most common shape was hard fragment(81%)and the most common polymer was polyethylene(73%).Plastic contamination did not differ between either age class,and we found no correlation between neither the amount and mass of plastic particles and the concentration of *** comparison with previous studies on adult fulmars,we do not recommend using chicks for biomonitoring adults because chicks seem to ingest more plastics than adults.

关键词： Plastic pollution PBDE Dechlorane Arctic Early life stage Monitoring Seabird

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Residue L940 Has a Crucial Role in the Specificity of the Glucansucrase GTF180 of Lactobacillus reuteri 180

Residue L940 Has a Crucial Role in the Specificity of the Gl...

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中国生物工程学会第十一届学术年会暨2017年全国生物技术大会

作者：孟祥锋 Justyna M.Dobruchowska Tjaard Pijning Cesar A.L?pez johannis P.Kamerling Lubbert Dijkhuizen Microbial Physiology Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB) University of Groningen State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology School of Life Science Shandong University

Lactic acid bacteria have been used to produce fermented food for ages, due to their ability to produce lactic acid and flavor metabolites. The ability of lactic acid bacteria to produce large amounts of exopolysaccharides has drawn strong attention for industrial applications in recent years. α-Glucan homopolysaccharides are synthesized from sucrose by glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria and are used as biothickening agents in the food industry, as plasma expander in medicine, and as separation matrix in research. Prebiotic oligosaccharides synthesized by glucansucrases hold great potential as healthy food ingredients. The α-glucans produced by glucansucrases also are important pathogenic factors for dental caries. They are involved in facilitating the adherence of oral bacteria like Streptococcus mutans to tooth surfaces. The identification of specific inhibitors of glucansucrase enzymes thus provides a target to prevent dental caries. Glucansucrases of lactic acid bacteria are classified as glycoside hydrolase family 70(GH70) enzymes and are mostly found in LAB, such as Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Weissella. A diversity of glucansucrases has been characterized and were found to produce α-glucans with all the possible glycosidic linkages [(α1→2),(α1→3),(α1→4) and(α1→6)], each enzyme with its own linkage specificity. The structural determinants of glucansucrase specificity have remained unclear. Residue L940 in domain B of GTF180, the glucansucrase of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri 180, was shown to vary in different glucansucrases and is close to acceptor binding site +1 in the crystal structure1. Here, we show that mutations in L940 of wild-type GTF180-ΔN all caused an increased percentage of(a1→6) linkages and a decreased percentage of(a1→3) linkages in the products2. α-Glucans with potential different physico-chemical properties [containing 67% to 100% of(a1→6) linkages] are produced by GTF180 and its L940 mutants. Mut

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