Background and Aims:A considerable number of au-toimmune hepatitis(AIH)patients completely or partially fail on first-line *** studies on the use of calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs)in the treatment of AIH have been publis...
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Background and Aims:A considerable number of au-toimmune hepatitis(AIH)patients completely or partially fail on first-line *** studies on the use of calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs)in the treatment of AIH have been published without focusing on *** aim was to assess the efficacy of CNIs in the treatment of adult AIH patients,specifically focusing on indication:first-line intolerant and with first-line insufficient response(failure to achieve or maintain remission),and with second versus third-line ***:A literature search included studies on the use of CNIs in adult *** with past or present use of CNIs from the Dutch AIH group cohort were *** primary endpoint was biochemical remission while using *** endpoints were biochemical response,treatment failure,and adverse ***:twenty studies from the literature and nine Dutch patients were included describing the use of cyclosporine in 59 and tacrolimus in 219 adult AIH *** CNI remission rate was 53%in patients with insufficient response to first-line treatment and 67%in patients intolerant to first-line *** were used as second-line treatment in 73%with a remission rate of 52%and as third-line treatment in 22%with a remission rate of 26%.Cyclosporine was discontin-ued in 13%and tacrolimus in 11%of patients because of adverse ***:CNIs as rescue treatment in adult AIH patients are reasonably effective and safe both with insufficient response or intolerance to previous *** studies are needed.
Currently,lymph node metastases(LNM)are seen as the gateway to distant metastases in CRC and play a crucial role in the tumor Node Metastasis(tNM)staging system[1,2].tumor deposits(tD)have been identified as another h...
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Currently,lymph node metastases(LNM)are seen as the gateway to distant metastases in CRC and play a crucial role in the tumor Node Metastasis(tNM)staging system[1,2].tumor deposits(tD)have been identified as another histological feature with a strong prognostic impact but are currently only deemed clinically relevant in the absence of LNM[2,3].tD are clusters of tumor cells in the fat surrounding the bowel and are often associated with nerves,vessels and lymphatic tissue,giving the cancer cells access to multiple routes of spread[4].
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