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A stepwise process for carbon dioxide sequestration using magnesium silicates

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 133-141页

作者： johan fagerlund Experience NDUAGU Inês ROMÃO Ron ZEVENHOVEN Åbo Akademi University Thermal and Flow EngineeringBiskopsgatan 8FI-20500Åbo/TurkuFinland visiting from University of Coimbra Department of Chemical EngineeringPólo IIPinhal de Marrocos3030-290 CoimbraPortugal

This work involves the production of magnesium in the form of Mg(OH)_(2)from serpentinite rock(nickel mine tailing)material followed by conversion into MgCO_(3)using a pressurised fluidised bed(PFB)reactor operating at 400℃-600℃and pressures up to 2.85 MPa.Our approach is rooted in the thermodynamic fact that the reaction between Mg(OH)_(2)and gaseous CO_(2)forming MgCO_(3)and water releases significant amounts of heat.The main problem is,however,the chemical kinetics;the reaction is slow and has to be accelerated in order to be used in an economically viable process for large-scale(~1 Mt/a)CO_(2)sequestration.We have constructed a labscale PFB reactor test-setup for optimising the carbonation reaction.At high enough temperatures and conversion levels the reaction should provide the heat for the proceeding Mg(OH)_(2)production step,making the overall process energy neutral.So far we have been able to achieve a conversion degree of 26%at 500℃and 2.85 MPa after 30 min(particle size 125-212μm).In this paper the test facility and our latest results and progress on CO_(2)mineral carbonation are summarised.Also,the possible integration of the iron as a feedstock for iron and steel production will be briefly addressed.An interesting side-effect of this carbon dioxide capture and storage(CCS)route is that significant amounts of iron are obtained from the serpentinite rock material.This is released during the Mg(OH)_(2)production and can be of great interest to the iron-and steel producing sector,which at the same time is Finland’s largest CO_(2)producer.

关键词： mineralisation serpentinite mineral carbonation magnesium carbonate fluidised bed

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Carbonation of calcium-containing mineral and industrial by-products

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 110-119页

作者： Ron ZEVENHOVEN Anders WIKLUND johan fagerlund Sanni ELONEVA Ben IN’T VEEN Hans GEERLINGS Gert VAN MOSSEL Harold BOERRIGTER Åbo Akademi University Thermal and Flow Engineering LaboratoryBiskopsgatan 8FI-20500Åbo/TurkuFinland Helsinki University of Technology Department of Energy TechnologyPO Box 4400FI-02015 EspooFinland Shell Global Solutions International B.V. PO Box 3800NL-1030 BNAmsterdamthe Netherlands Delft University of Technology Department of Chemical TechnologyJulianalaan 136NL-2628 BL Delftthe Netherlands

The use of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and calciumcontaining by-products from industrial activities is receiving increasing interest as a route to valuable carbonate materials while reducing CO_(2) emissions and saving natural resources.In this work,wet-chemical experimental data was assessed,which involved the carbonation of three types of materials in aqueous solutions,namely,1)wollastonite,a calcium silicate mineral,2)steelmaking slag,a by-product of steel production,and 3)paper bottom ash(PBA)from waste paper incineration.Aims were to achieve either a high carbonation degree and/or a pure carbonate product with potential commercial value.Producing a pure precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC)material that may find use in paper industry products puts strong requirements on purity and brightness.The parameters investigated were particle size,CO_(2)pressure,temperature,solid/liquid ratio,and the use of additives that affect the solubilities of CO_(2)and/or calcium carbonate.Temperatures and pressures were varied up to 180℃and 4 MPa.Data obtained with the wollastinite mineral allowed for a comparison between natural resources and the industrial by-product materials,the latter typically being more reactive.With respect to temperature and pressure trends reported by others were largely confirmed,with temperatures above 150℃introducing thermodynamic limitations depending on CO_(2)pressure.The influence of additives showed some promise,although costs may make recycling and reuse of additives a necessity for a largescale process.When using steelmaking slag,magnetic separation may remove some iron-containing material from the process(although this is far from perfect),while the addition of bicarbonate supported the removal of phosphorous,aside from improving calcium extraction.The experiments with paper bottom ash(PBA)gave new data,showing that its reactivity resembles that of steelmaking slag,while its composition results in relatively pure carbonate product.Also,with PBA no additives were needed to achieve this.

关键词： mineralization industrial by-products calcium carbonate

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Carbon Dioxide Mineralisation and Integration with Flue Gas Desulphurisation Applied to a Modern Coal-Fired Power Plant

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第3期8卷 431-447页

作者： Ron Zevenhoven johan fagerlund Thomas Bjorklof Magdalena Maikela Olav Eklund Department of Chemical Engineering Abo Akademi University Abo Turku 20500 Finland Department of Geology & Mineralogy Abo Akademi UniversityAbo Turku 20500 Finland

For Finland, carbon dioxide mineralisation was identified as the only option for CCS (carbon capture and storage) application. Unfortunately it has not been embraced by the power sector. One interesting source-sink combination, however, is formed by magnesium silicate resources at Vammala, located ~85 km east of the 565 MWe coal-fired Meri-Pori Power Plant on the country"s southwest coast. This paper assesses mineral sequestration of Meri-Pori power plant CO 2, using Vammala mineral resources and the mineralisation process under development at Abo Akademi University. That process implies Mg(OH) 2 production from magnesium silicate-based rock, followed by gas/solid carbonation of the Mg(OH) 2 in a pressurised fluidised bed. Reported are results on experimental work, i. e., Mg(OH) 2 production, with rock from locations close to Meri-Pori. Results suggest a total CO 2 fixation capacity ~50 Mt CO 2 for the Vammala site, although production of Mg(OH) 2 from rock from the site is challenging. Finally, as mineralisation could be directly applied to flue gases without CO 2 pre-capture, we report from experimental work on carbonation of Mg(OH) 2 with CO 2 and CO 2 -SO 2 -O 2 gas mixtures. Results show that SO 2 readily reacts with Mg(OH) 2, providing an opportunity to simultaneously capture SO 2 and CO 2, which could make separate flue gas desulphurisation redundant.

关键词：燃煤发电厂二氧化碳应用程序烟气脱硫碳矿化 Mg(OH)2 集成硅酸盐类

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