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Combination Activity of Standard Antituberculosis Drugs and Extracts of Medicinal Plants Commonly Used in Traditional Treatment of Tuberculosis in Uganda

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 511-522页

作者： Moses Mpeirwe Kevin Komakech Duncan Ssesazi Patrick Engeu Ogwang joel Bazira Department of Microbiology Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Medical Microbiology Mycobacteriology (BSL-3) Laboratory Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Pharmacy Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda

Introduction: Resistance to antituberculosis drugs and adverse drug reactions remain the leading causes of tuberculosis therapeutic failure globally. Despite the increasing acceptance of medicinal plant use in combination with conventional antituberculosis drugs in treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in Uganda, there is paucity of knowledge on their combination effect. Aim: This research aimed to determine combination activity of standard antituberculosis drugs with extracts of zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr. and Rubia cordifolia L., the two common antituberculosis medicinal plants in Uganda, against pansensitive (H37Rv) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Materials and Methods: Two reference MTB strains (H37Rv and MDR strain) were inoculated on Middlebrook 7H11 medium containing a combination of standard antituberculosis drugs and methanol extracts of z. leprieurii and R. cordifolia at varying concentrations. The number of colonies on the plates was observed and counted weekly for up to 8 weeks. In vitro combination activity was determined using proportion method. Mean percentage inhibition was calculated for the reduction of number of colonies on drug-extract combination medium in relation to drug-extract-free control medium. Results: Drug-extract combinations showed good combination activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains when compared with individual standard anti-TB drugs. This was more exhibited against MDR strain. There was however a reduction in percentage inhibition when extracts were combined with ethambutol and streptomycin against H37Rv strain. Conclusions: zanthoxylum leprieurii and Rubia cordifolia in combination with standard anti-TB drugs exhibited increased in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially MDR-TB strain. This justifies the local use of these plants in traditional treatment of tuberculosis especially in resistant cases in Uganda.

关键词： Combination Activity Medicinal Plants zanthoxylum leprieurii Rubia cordifolia Standard Antituberculosis Drugs

Dimensional heterojunction design:The rising star of 2D bismuthbased nanostructured photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical conversion

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 4310-4364页

作者： joel Jie Foo Sue-Faye Ng Wee-Jun Ong School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan 43900Malaysia Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy&Catalysis Technology(CONNECT) Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan 43900Malaysia College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University Shenzhen 518057China

With the fast-pace digitalization evolution in the current generation’s lifestyle and the industry revolution,the energy demand has been ***,the two-dimensional(2D)bismuth-based nanomaterials emerged as a promising photocatalyst candidate in solar fuel conversion,not only for its exceptional light absorption capability and tunable optical properties,but it also can be synthesized into diverse variety of nanomaterials with different ranges of potential gap and band position to fulfill the potential requirement of wide range of photocatalytic ***,the weak light harvesting ability and ultrafast charge recombination has restricted its potential in commercial ***,recent researches have been focusing on tackling these issues by incorporating some modification strategies such as heteroatom doping,vacancy engineering,facet engineering,bismuth rich strategy and heterojunction ***,this review article presents the state-of-the-art modifications on 2D bismuth-based parent material,specifically on the relationship between each of the modification strategy on the electronic properties and surface chemistry in achieving boosted photocatalytic *** the view of the unique charge interaction between two semiconductors with different dimensions,we systematically discuss the rational heterostructure design from the dimensionality perspective,namely,point-to-face,line-to-face,face-to-face,and bulk-to-face in solar fuel conversion to provide inspiring insights for future interface ***,the challenges and the future research outlook in the solar-to-fuel conversion are highlighted to push forward the design of high-performance bismuth-based photocatalyst in realizing commercialscale solar-to-fuel conversion.

关键词： 2D heterojunction 2D nanomaterial CO_(2)reduction water splitting N2 fixation z-scheme

PSA Screening for Prostate Cancer in Men under the Age of 65: A Review of Current Practice

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Open Journal of Urology 2018年第5期8卷 135-160页

作者： Andrew H. Khalifa joel z. Cornfield St. James School of Medicine Anguilla The Grenadines Attending Staff Adventist Hinsdale Hospital and Jesse Brown Veteran’s Administration Hospital Chicago USA

Purpose: To review current practice in the use of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing and assess the overall risks and benefits of PSA testing for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate, specifically in men under age 65, and those living with risk factors for the disease. Materials and Methods: An extensive literature review of PSA testing in various age groups was conducted with the goal being to review PSA screening trends and assess current recommendations regarding PSA Screening for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate in various age groups, focusing on studies directed towards patients under the age of 65 and the long-term risks and benefits of PSA screening in the diagnostic algorithm. In order to reduce bias, we assessed our sources for variables such as reporting, measurement and/or selection bias. Our conclusions were then compared with current recommendations. Relevant studies with data compiled after 2004, centered around PSA screening in men under the age of 65 in general and specifically in men with risk factors for developing Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate were included. Editorials, newspaper articles and other non-scholarly and non-peer reviewed sources were automatically excluded.

关键词： Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate Aggressive Disease

Facilitation by nurse plants contributes to vegetation recovery in human-disturbed desert ecosystems

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 485-497页

作者： Ernesto I.Badano Omar R.Samour-Nieva joel Flores JoséL.Flores-Flores Jorge A.Flores-Cano Juan P.Rodas-Ortíz División de Ciencias Ambientales Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaA.C.Camino a la Presa San José2055Colonia Lomas 4ta SecciónC.P.78216San Luis PotosíMéxico Instituto de Investigación de zonas Desérticas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíAltair 200Fraccionamiento del LlanoC.P.78377San Luis PotosíMéxico Facultad de Agronomía Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíKm.14.5 Carretera San Luis-MatehualaApdo.Postal 32Soledad de Graciano SánchezC.P.78321San Luis PotosíMéxico

Aims Facilitation by nurse plants is a common interaction in harsh environments and this positive plant-plant interaction may promote vegetation recovery in ecosystems affected by human *** the relevance of this process,however,requires assessing how nurse plants influence the establishment of other species,as well as the proportion of species in the regional species pool that would benefit from the presence of nurse plants in human-disturbed ***,since vegetation recovery is a time-dependent process,the community-level consequences of facilitation are likely to vary among landscapes with different disturbance ***,an integrative perspective of the relevance of nurse plants for vegetation recovery could be obtained by measuring their effects across different human-disturbed landscapes of the target *** study focuses on these issues and uses a regional-scale approach to assess the community-level effects of a widespread nurse plant of American deserts,the creosotebush(Larrea tridentata).Methods This study was conducted in the southernmost portion of Chihuahuan Desert because most floodplain valleys of this region have been affected by human activities during the past *** this study,we selected 10 floodplain valleys differing in their age(*** time elapsed after human activities were ceased).At each landscape,we measured the cover of creosotebushes and the proportion of plant species positively associated with them,as well as the density of seeds in the soil beneath creosotebush *** these data were regressed against the age of the ***,to assess whether positive association patterns were due to facilitation or other processes,we conducted field experiments and measured the ecophysiological performance of plant species established beneath and outside creosotebush *** Findings Most plant species from the target region were positively associated to creosotebushes,and our field

关键词： Chihuahuan desert community-level effects community succession positive interactions Mexico

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of tert-Butyl(((2R,3R,6R)-3-hydroxy-6-(nitromethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl)carbonate

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2021年第9期40卷 1205-1212,1110页

作者： FENG Yong-Kui SU Hua-Lan MUKULA OTUKOL Billy joel zHANG Xue-Qing YAO Hui HUANG Nian-Yu Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast(China National Light Industry)College of Biological and Pharmaceutical SciencesChina Three Gorges UniversityTichangHubei 443002China

In this paper,aβ-C-pyranogalactoside(Ⅸ)was synthesized from D-galactose through a nine-step reaction with a total yield of 32%under the palladium catalyst,and its structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS).The absolute configuration of this pyranogalactoside was confirmed with a Flack parameter of–0.01(6)by X-ray crystallography using a Cu radiation ***(Ⅸ),C_(12)H_(19)NO_(7),crystal data:monoclinic system,space group P2_(1)2_(1)2_(1),a=8.53480(10),b=9.4207(2),c=18.1308(3)A,V=1457.79(4)A^(3),z=4,F(000)=616,Dc=1.318 g/cm^(3),μ=0.931 mm^(-1),R=0.0294 and wR=0.0752 for 2875 independent reflections(R_(int)=0.0163)and 2857 observed ones(I>2σ(I)).

关键词： X-ray diffraction crystal structure absolute configuration β-C-pyranogalactoside α-glucosidase inhibitory activity

Structure and magnetostructural correlation of ferrimagnetic meso-tetraphenylporphinatomanganese(Ⅲ) dimethyl- N,N′-dicyanoquinone diiminide, [MnTPP]^+[Me_2DCNQI]^(.-)

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第6期55卷 987-996页

作者： Jordan L. Arthur Saul H. Lapidus Peter W. Stephens joel S. Miller Department of Chemistry University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112-0850 USA Department of Physics & Astronomy Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794-3800 USA Photon Sciences Directorate Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA

The structure [MnmTPP][Me2DCNQI] （TPP = tetraphenylporphinato; Me2DCNQI = 2,5-dimethyl-N,N＇-dicyanoquinonediimine） has been determined from X-ray powder diffraction data. The nonsolvated structure is composed of linear （I-D） chains of alternating [MnmTPP]＋ and ta-[MezDCNQI]＇- with intrachain Mn...Mn separations of 12.83 A, and a Mn-NDcNQI distance of 2.18A. The dihedral angle between the mean Mn（N4）xpp and [MezDCNQI]＇-planes, and the Mn-（N-C）ocNQ1 angle are 84.18° and 143.6°, respectively. [MnInTpP][MezDCNQI] has a Tc of 4.3 K from the 10 Hz x（T） data, 2-K coercivity of 5,600 Oe, and 6,300 emuOe/mol remnant magnetization that are reduced from that observed for related materials, and their in- clusion extends the magnetostructural correlation between the intrachain coupling and both the dihedral angle between the mean Mn（N4）xPp and [TCNE]＇-（TCNE --- tetracyanoethylene） planes and Mn-（N-C）Tcr angles. This is in accord with the in- trachain coupling arising from the overlap of the Mnm dz2-1ike singly occupied molecular orbital （SOMO） and the z component of the [TCNE]- π＊（π2＊） SOMO, which increases with decreasing dihedral angle between the mean Mn（N4）xep and [TCNE]＇- planes and Mn-（N-C）TcNE angle.

关键词： metalloporphyrin magnetic ordering ferrimagnet crystal structure

Structure and magnetostructural correlation of ferrimagnetic meso-tetraphenylporphinatoman- ganese（III） dimethyl-N,N＇-dicyanoquinone diiminide, [MnTPP]~[Me2DCNQI]＂-

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中国科学：化学 2012年第6期42卷 907-910页

作者： L.Arthur Jordan H.Lapidus Saul W.Stephens Peter S.Miller joel Department of Chemistry University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112-0850 USA Department of Physics Photon Sciences Directorate Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA

The structure [MnⅢTPP][Me2DCNQI] (TPP = tetraphenylporphinato; Me2DCNQI = 2,5-dimethyl-N,N′- dicyanoquinone-diimine) has been determined from X-ray powder diffraction data. The nonsolvated structure is composed of linear (1-D) chains of alternating [MnⅢTPP]+and μ-[Me2DCNQI]·- with intrachain Mn···Mn separations of 12.83 Å, and a Mn-NDCNQIdistance of 2.18 Å. The dihedral angle between the mean Mn(N4)TPPand [Me2DCNQI]·-planes, and the Mn-(N-C)DCNQIangle are 84.18° and 143.6°, respectively. [MnⅢTPP][Me2DCNQI] has a Tcof 4.3 K from the 10 Hz c"(T) data, 2-K coercivity of 5,600 Oe, and 6,300 emuOe/mol remnant magnetization that are reduced from that observed for related materials, and their inclusion extends the magnetostructural correlation between the intrachain coupling and both the dihedral angle between the mean Mn(N4)TPPand [TCNE]·-(TCNE = tetracyanoethylene) planes and Mn-(N-C)TCNEangles. This is in accord with the intrachain coupling arising from the overlap of the MnⅢdz2-like singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) and the z component of the [TCNE]·-π*(πz*) SOMO, which increases with decreasing dihedral angle between the mean Mn(N4)TPPand [TCNE]·-planes and Mn-(N-C)TCNEangle.

关键词：结构组成二甲基亚铁磁性四苯基卟啉细观粉末衍射数据 TPP 二面角

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多媒体电脑内存管理技巧 1

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma levels and premature cognitive impairment/dementia in type 2 diabetes

丛书名：最新多媒体电脑实用系列丛书

1996年

作者：（美）joel Powell 张录娥等译

本书介绍了PC内存基础,内存与计算机,管理配置文件,第三方的内存管理,配置文件等方面的内容知识。

ISBN: (数字)7111051815

ISBN: (纸本)7111051815

本书介绍了PC内存基础,内存与计算机,管理配置文件,第三方的内存管理,配置文件等方面的内容知识。

关键词：多媒体磁盘操作系统

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World Journal of Diabetes 2016年第20期7卷 615-620页

作者： Blanca Murillo Ortíz joel Ramírez Emiliano Edna Ramos-Rodríguez Sandra Martínez-Garza Hilda Macías-Cervantes Sergio Solorio-Meza Texar Alfonso Pereyra-Nobara Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No. 1 BajioInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Departamento de Ciencias Médicas División Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de Guanajuato

AIM To assess the relationship of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) with cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The study included 40 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2(DM2), 37 patients with chronic kidney disease in hem dialysis hemodialysis therapy(HD) and 40 healthy subjects. BDNF in serum was quantified by ELISA. The Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination was used to evaluate cognitive *** The patients with DM2 and the patients in HD were categorized into two groups, with cognitive impairment and without cognitive impairment. The levels of BDNF showed significant differences between patients with DM2(43.78 ± 9.05 vs 31.55 ± 10.24, P = 0.005). There were no differences between patients in HD(11.39 ± 8.87 vs 11.11 ± 10.64 P = 0.77); interestingly, ferritin levels were higher in patients with cognitive impairment(1564 ± 1335 vs 664 ± 484 P = 0.001). The comparison of BDNF values, using a Kruskal Wallis test, between patients with DM2, in HD and healthy controls showed statistical differences(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION Low levels of BDNF are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with DM2. The decrease of BDNF occurs early and progressively in patients in HD.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus type 2 Hemodialysis Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Folstein mini-mental Premature cognitive impairment