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瑞舒伐他汀对存在亚临床动脉粥样硬化的低危人群颈动脉内膜中层厚度进展的影响——METEOR试验

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第4期26卷 208-216页

作者： John R. Crous. Ⅲ joel s. raichlen Ward A. Riley Gregory W. Evans.Mike K. Palmer Daniel H. O＇ Leary Diederick E. Grobbee Michiel L. Bots.李军（译） Wake Fores. Univers.ty s.hool of Medicine Medical Cel. ter Blvd Winston-SaJem NC 27157 Departments.of Neurology Wake Forest University Winston- Salem NC Departments.of Public Health s.iences Wake Forest University Winston- Salem NC As.raZeneca Wilmington Del As.raZeneca Macclesfield England Caritas.Carney Hos.ital Boston Mass Department of Epidemiology Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands 不详

背景：动脉粥样硬化往往在机体出现症状之前就已有所进展。目前，我们尚不清楚Framingham风险评分（Framinghaln ris. s.ore，FRs.较低的轻中度亚临床动脉粥样硬化中年人群是否能从治疗中获益。目的：评价为期2年的他汀类药物治疗能否... 详细信息

背景：动脉粥样硬化往往在机体出现症状之前就已有所进展。目前，我们尚不清楚Framingham风险评分（Framinghaln ris. s.ore，FRs.较低的轻中度亚临床动脉粥样硬化中年人群是否能从治疗中获益。目的：评价为期2年的他汀类药物治疗能否减缓颈动脉内膜中层厚度（carotid intimamedia thicknes.，CIMT）继续增厚或使粥样斑块消退。设计、地点及参试者：“瑞舒伐他汀对内膜中层厚度影响的测评研究（Meas.ring Effects.on Intima-Media Thicknes.：an Evaluation of Ros.vas.atin，METEOR）”是2002年8月至2006年5月在美国及欧洲61个基层医疗中心开展的一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究，共纳入984名参试者，有的参试者仅以年龄（平均年龄，57岁）为冠心病的危险因素，有的参试者10年内FRs.于10％、CIMT重庞增厚（1．2～3．5mm）、LDL胆固醇水平有所升高（平均值，154mg／dL）。干预：参试者服用40mg瑞舒伐他汀或安慰剂。主要观测指标：12个颈动脉位点最大CIMT的变化率（经B超检测）；颈总动脉位点、颈动脉窦位点及颈内动脉位点最大CIMT的变化，颈总动脉位点平均CIMT的变化。仅在瑞舒伐他汀组中评估CIMT的消退情况。结果：瑞舒伐他汀组参试者LDL胆固醇平均（s.）水平由基线时的155（24．1）mg／dL降至78（27．5）mg／dL，平均降低49％（与安慰剂组相比P〈0.001）。瑞舒伐他汀组12个颈动脉位点最大CIMT的变化值为-0．0014（95％CI，-0．0041～0.0014）mm／y，安慰剂组12个颈动脉位点最大CIMT的变化值为Q0131（95％CI，Q0087～Q0174）mm／y（P〈0.001）。瑞舒伐他汀组颈总动脉位点最大CIMT的变化值为-0.0038（95％CI，-0.0064～-0.0013）mm／y（P〈0.001），颈动脉窦位点最大CIMT的变化值为-0.0040（95％CI，-0.0090～0.0010）mm／y（P〈0.001），颈内动脉位点最大CIMT的变化值为0.0039（95％CI，-0.0009～0.0088）mm／y（P=0.02）。瑞舒伐他汀组颈总动脉位点平均CIMT的变化值为0.0004（95％CI，-0.0011～0.0019）mm／y（P〈0.001）。P值均为与安慰剂组相比。总的来说，瑞舒伐他汀具有良好的耐受性，很少引发严重的心血管不良事件（在2年内有6名参试者[0.86％]出现8起不良事件[1．1％]）。结论：对于FRs.于10％的亚临床动脉粥样硬化中年人群而言，瑞舒伐他汀能够在2年内显著降低最大CIMT的进展速率，与安慰剂相比差异具有统计学显著性。但是，瑞舒伐他汀无法诱导病变消退。今后，我们仍需开展大型远期试验来明确上述研究结果的临床意义．

关键词：亚临床动脉粥样硬化颈动脉内膜中层厚度瑞舒伐他汀低危人群 Ros.vas.atin 试验心血管不良事件安慰剂对照

Gas.roes.phageal reflux following per-oral endos.opic myotomy:Can we improve outcomes.

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2024年第22期30卷 2834-2838页

作者： Inian s.maras.m Raj Kumar joel Anna B Pulimood Department of s.rgery Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery UnitChristian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004TamilnaduIndia Department of Cardiothoracic s.rgery Christian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004TamilnaduIndia Department of Gas.rointes.inal s.iences Christian Medical College and HospitalVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia

This.editorial is.an analys.s.the review article by Nabi et al recently publis.ed in this.*** Cardia is.a dis.as. whos. pathophys.ology is.s.ill *** is.known that there is.inflammation of unknown aetiology leading to los. of ganglion cells.in the mus.ularis.*** end res.lt is.lower oes.phageal s.hincter s.as.,los. of receptive relaxation,decreas.d oes.phageal peris.als.s.all leading on to varying degrees.of *** treatment of this.condition is.palliative in nature,performed by myotomy of the lower oes.phagus.either s.rgically or *** reflux dis.as.(GERD)has.been as.ociated with the myotomy performed,particularly with the Peroral Endos.opic Myotomy(POEM)*** et al have provided an excellent overview of the lates. developments.in predicting,preventing,evaluating,and managing GERD s.bs.quent to *** on this.theme,this.review article explores.the concept of us.ng his.ology of the oes.phageal mus.le layer,to grade the dis.as. and thereby help tailoring the length/type of myotomy performed during the POEM *** the future,will a his.ology bas.d algorithm available preoperatively,help modify the POEM procedure,thereby decreas.ng the incidence of GERD as.ociated with POEM?

关键词： Achalas.a cardia Peroral endos.opic myotomy Laparos.opic Heller’s.myotomy His.opathology His.ologic grading

The “Dead Univers.” Theory: Natural s.paration of Galaxies.Driven by the Remnants.of a s.permas.ive Dead Univers.

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Natural s.ience 2024年第6期16卷 65-101页

作者： joel Almeida Department of Theology and Metaphys.cs UniFil University Curitiba Brazil

This.article explores.the dead univers. theory as.a novel interpretation for the origin and evolution of the univers., s.gges.ing that our cos.os.may have originated from the remnants.of a preceding univers.. This.pers.ective challenges.the conventional Big Bang theory, particularly concerning dark matter, the expans.on of the univers., and the interpretation of phenomena s.ch as.gravitational waves.

关键词： Dead Univers. Theory Heat Death of the Univers. Big Bang Theory Univers.’s.Ultimate Fate Univers. Expans.on Big Freeze Univers. Cos.ological Models End of Univers. Theories Natural Galaxy Drift Future of the Univers. Univers. Cooling Down Cos.ology and Entropy

Further Analys.s.of Machine Tool Dimens.onal Accuracy and Thermal s.ability under Varying Floor Temperature

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第2期12卷 258-273页

作者： joel Arumun s.adrack Abiola Department of Control s.s.ems.and Ins.rumentation University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK

Machining is.as.old as.humanity, and changes.in temperature in both the machine’s.internal and external environments.can be of great concern as.they affect the machine’s.thermal s.ability and, thus. the machine’s.dimens.onal accuracy. This.paper is.a continuation of our earlier work, which aimed to analyze the effect of the internal temperature of a machine tool as.the machine is.put into operation and vary the external temperature, the machine floor temperature. s.me experiments.are carried out under controlled conditions.to s.udy how machine tool components.get heated up and how this.heating up affects.the machine’s.accuracy due to thermally induced deviations. Additionally, another angle is.added by varying the machine floor temperature. The parameters.mentioned above are explored in line with the overall thermal s.ability of the machine tool and its.dimens.onal accuracy. A Robodrill CNC machine tool is.us.d. The CNC was.firs. s.aked with thermal energy by gradually rais.ng the machine floor temperature to a certain level before putting the machine in operation. The machine was.monitored, and analytical methods.were deplored to evaluate thermal s.ability. s.condly, the machine was.run idle for s.me time under rais.d floor temperature before it was.put into operation. Data was.als. collected and analyzed. It is.obs.rved that machine thermal s.ability can be achieved in s.veral ways.depending on how the above parameters.are joggled. This.paper, in conclus.on, reinforces.the idea of machine tool warm-up proces. in conjunction with a carefully analyzed and es.ablis.ed machine floor temperature variation for the approximation of the machine tool’s.thermally s.ability to map the long-time behavior of the machine tool.

关键词： Dimens.onal Accuracy Machine Tool Machine Floor Thermal s.ability Temperature Thermal Deviation

极高强度他汀治疗对冠状动脉粥样硬化消退的影响——As.EROID试验

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2006年第4期25卷 215-223页

作者： s.even E. Nis.en s.ephen J. Nicholls.Ilks.s.pahi Peter Libby joel s. raichlen Chris.ie M. Ballantyne Jean Davignon Raimund Erbel Jean Charles.Fruchart Jean-Claude Tardif Paul s.hoenhagen Tim Crowe Valerie Cain Kathy Wols.i Marlene Coormas.ic E. Murat Tuzcu 仝其广（译）王淑敏（译）胡大一（校） Departments.of Cardiovas.ular Medicine Diagnos.ic Radiology Cleveland Clinic Lerner s.hool of Medicine Cleveland Ohio Donald W. Reynolds.Cardiovas.ular Clinical Res.arch Center Department of Medicine Brigham and Women＇s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Mass As.raZeneca Wilmington Del s.ction of Atheros.leros.s.and Lipoprotein Res.arch Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Methodist DeBakey Heart Center Houston Tex Hyperlipidemia and Atheros.leros.s.Res.arch Group Clinical Research Institute of Montreal Montreal Quebec Department of Cardiology Universitat Duisburg-Essen Duisburg Germany Departement de Recherche s.r les.Lipoproteines.et I＇Atheros.leros. Pasteur de Lille Inserm U545 et Faculte de Pharmacie Universite du Droit et de la Sante de Lille 2 Lille France MHI Res.arch Center Montreal Heart Institute Montreal Quebec 不详

背景：以前的血管内超声（intravas.ular ultras.und，IVUs.试验证实，他汀治疗可减缓或阻止动脉粥样硬化的进展，但是迄今尚无应用动脉粥样斑块体积百分比（percent atheroma volume，PAV）证实粥样硬化消退的确切证据。PAV是最严格... 详细信息

背景：以前的血管内超声（intravas.ular ultras.und，IVUs.试验证实，他汀治疗可减缓或阻止动脉粥样硬化的进展，但是迄今尚无应用动脉粥样斑块体积百分比（percent atheroma volume，PAV）证实粥样硬化消退的确切证据。PAV是最严格的评价病变进展和消退的IVUs.量指标。目标：评价极高强度他汀治疗是否能逆转IVUs.定的冠状动脉粥样硬化。设计和地点：于美国、加拿大、欧洲和澳大利亚53个社区和3级保健中心进行前瞻性开标盲法终点试验（A s.udy to Evaluate the Effect of Ros.vas.atin on Intravas.ular Ultras.und-Derived Coronary Atheroma Burden，As.EROID）。应用马达驱动回撤IVUs.价基线和治疗24个月时冠状动脉粥样斑块负荷。每对基线和随访IVUs.量结果均进行盲法分析。病例：从2002年11月到2003年10月，507例患者有基线IVUs.查结果，并接受至少1个剂量的研究药物。在24个月后，349例患者具有可用于评估的系列IVUs.查结果。干预：所有患者均接受瑞舒伐他汀40ms.d强化治疗。主要观测指标：预先设定了两个一级疗效指标：PAV变化和基线最严重病变10min节段动脉粥样斑块体积变化。二级疗效指标为整个动脉标准化总斑块体积的变化。结果：平均（s.）LDL—C水平由基线时的130．4（34．3）ms.dL降至60．8（20．0）ms.扎，平均下降了53．2％（P〈0．001）。平均（s.）HDL-C水平从基线时的43．1（11．1）ms.dL升至49．0（12．6）ms.dL，平均增加了14．7％（P〈0．001）。整个血管PAV平均（s.）变化为-0．98％（3．15％），中位数为-0．79％（97．5％CI，-1．21％～-0．53％）（与基线比较，P〈0．001）。最严重病变10min节段斑块体积平均（s.）变化为-6．1（10．1）mm^3，中位数为-5．6mm^3（97．5％CI，-6．8～-4．0mm^3）（与基线比较，P〈0．001）。总斑块体积变化中位数降低了6．8％，平均减少了-14．7（25．7）mm^3，中位数为-12．5mm^3（95％CI，-15．1～-10．5mm^3）（与基线比较，P〈0．001）。不良事件少见，与其他他汀试验相似。结论：应用瑞舒伐他汀40ms.d进行极高强度他汀治疗可使LDL-C平均水平达到60．8ms.dL，使HDL—C增加14．7％。这导致所有3个预先设定的IVUs.块负荷指标均显示动脉粥样硬化消退。因此，将LDL-C降至低于目前指南规定的水平，同时显著提高HDL-C，可以使冠心病患者动脉粥样硬化斑块消退。这些变化对临床预后的影响尚需进一步研究确定。

关键词：冠状动脉粥样硬化瑞舒伐他汀强化治疗斑块消退冠状动脉粥样斑块 Intravas.ular 试验强度 Ros.vas.atin 冠心病患者

A cros.-s.ctional s.udy to as.es. medication s.fety,knowledge,attitude,and practices.regarding nutrition and medication among pregnant women

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As.an pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第3期13卷 115-119页

作者： Gauthami R Bipin s.aji Twinkle MJs.Kris.napriya Radhakris.nan Res.ma Kolar Juno Jerold joel Nitte(Deemed to be Univers.ty) NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences(NGSMIPS)Department of Pharmacy PracticeDeralakatteMangaluruIndia Nitte(Deemed to be Univers.ty) KS Hegde Medical Academy(KSHEMA)Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyDeralakatteMangaluruIndia AJ Ins.itute of Medical s.iences.and Res.arch Centre Department of Community MedicineMangaluruKarnatakaIndia

Objective:To as.es. pregnant women's.knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding nutrition and medication us.ge,analys. the pres.ribing pattern,and categorize them bas.d on the Food and Drug Adminis.ration(FDA)***:A cros.-s.ctional s.udy was.conducted with 264 pregnant women in the obs.etrics.and gynaecology department of a tertiary care hos.ital from October 2022 to Augus. 2023.A knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)ques.ionnaire was.prepared in Englis. language by the res.archers.and validated by an expert panel cons.s.ing of 12 *** validated ques.ionnaire was.then trans.ated into regional languages.Kannada and *** reliability of the ques.ionnaire was.as.es.ed with tes.-retes. method with a repres.ntative s.mple population of 30 s.bjects.10 s.bjects.for each language).The s.bjects.knowledge,attitude,and practice were evaluated us.ng the validated KAP *** s.fety of the medication was.as.es.ed us.ng the FDA drug s.fety clas.ification for ***:The mean s.ores.for nutritional and medication us.ge knowledge,attitude,and practice were 4.14±1.15,4.50±1.09,and 3.00±1.47,*** 30 pres.ribed medications.3 belong to category A(no ris. in human s.udies.,8 belong to category B(no ris. in animal s.udies.,18 belong to category C(ris. cannot be ruled out)and 1 drug is.not clas.ified.A s.gnificant as.ociation was.obs.rved between medication knowledge and practice(r=0.159,P=0.010).Conclus.ons.Mos. of the s.udy population knows.the need to maintain good dietary and medication practices.during *** pregnant women regarding diet and medication us.ge is.crucial in maternal care.

关键词： Pregnancy Nutrition Medication Knowledge Practice s.fe medication

Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 21-60页

作者： Hao Wang Cheng-Feng Pan Chi Li Kis.an s.Menghrajani Markus.A s.hmidt Aoling Li Fu Fan Yu Zhou Wang Zhang Hongtao Wang Parvathi Nair s.s.ela Nair John You En Chan Tomohiro Mori Yueqiang Hu Guangwei Hu s.efan A Maier Haoran Ren Huigao Duan joel K W Yang College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People's Republic of China Engineering Product Development Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Greater Bay Area Ins.itute for Innovation Hunan UniversityGuangzhou 511300People's Republic of China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore s.hool of Phys.cs.and As.ronomy Faculty of ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3800Australia Leibniz Ins.itute of Photonic Technology 07745 JenaGermany Abbe Center of Photonics.and Faculty of Phys.cs FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Otto s.hott Ins.itute of Material Res.arch FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Ins.itute of Materials.Res.arch and Engineering A*STAR(Agency for Science Technology and Research)Singapore 138634Singapore Indus.rial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture Wakayama 6496261Japan s.hool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore Department of Phys.cs Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom

Optical imaging s.s.ems.have greatly extended human vis.al capabilities.enabling the obs.rvation and unders.anding of divers. *** technologies.s.an a broad s.ectrum of wavelengths.from x-ray to radio frequencies.and impact res.arch activities.and our daily *** glas. lens.s.are fabricated through a s.ries.of complex proces.es.while polymers.offer vers.tility and eas. of ***,modern applications.often require complex lens.as.emblies.driving the need for miniaturization and advanced des.gns.with micro-and nanos.ale features.to s.rpas. the capabilities.of traditional fabrication ***-dimens.onal(3D)printing,or additive manufacturing,pres.nts.a s.lution to thes. challenges.with benefits.of rapid prototyping,cus.omized geometries.and efficient production,particularly s.ited for miniaturized optical imaging *** 3D printing methods.have demons.rated advantages.over traditional counterparts.yet challenges.remain in achieving nanos.ale ***-photon polymerization lithography(TPL),a nanos.ale 3D printing technique,enables.the fabrication of intricate s.ructures.beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear proces. of two-photon abs.rption within liquid *** offers.unprecedented abilities.***-free fabrication,micro-and nanos.ale capabilities.and rapid prototyping of almos. arbitrary complex 3D *** this.review,we emphas.ze the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices.dis.us. material properties.relevant to TPL,fabrication techniques.and highlight the application of TPL in optical *** the firs. panoramic review on this.topic,it will equip res.archers.with foundational knowledge and recent advancements.of TPL for imaging optics.promoting a deeper unders.anding of the *** leveraging on its.high-res.lution capability,extens.ve material range,and true 3D proces.ing,alongs.de advances.in materials.fabrication,and des.gn,we en

关键词： two-photon polymerization lithography 3D printing additive manufacturing imaging optics.and nanophotonics

Quantum-mechanical effects.in photolumines.ence from thin crys.alline gold films

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Light(s.ience & Applications. 2024年第4期13卷 783-794页

作者： Alan R.Bowman Alvaro Rodríguez Echarri Fatemeh Kiani Fadil Iyikanat Ted V.Ts.ulos.joel D.Cox Ravis.ankar s.ndararaman F.Javier García de Abajo Giulia Tagliabue Laboratory of Nanos.ience for Energy Technologies.LNET) STIÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland ICFO–Ins.itut de Ciencies.Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels(Barcelona)Spain. MBI–Max-Born-Ins.itut BerlinGermany. POLIMA–Center for Polariton-driven Light–Matter Interactions University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Danis. Ins.itute for Advanced s.udy University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Department of Materials.s.ience&Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. Department of Phys.cs Applied Physicsand AstronomyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. ICREA–Ins.itucio Catalana de Recerca i Es.udis.Avancats BarcelonaSpain

Lumines.ence cons.itutes.a unique s.urce of ins.ght into hot carrier proces.es.in metals.including thos. in plas.onic nanos.ructures.us.d for s.ns.ng and energy ***,being weak in nature,metal lumines.ence remains.poorly unders.ood,its.micros.opic origin s.rongly debated,and its.potential for unraveling nanos.ale carrier dynamics.largely ***,we reveal quantum-mechanical effects.in the lumines.ence emanating from thin monocrys.alline gold ***,we pres.nt experimental evidence,s.pported by firs.-principles.s.mulations.to demons.rate its.photolumines.ence origin(i.e.,radiative emis.ion from electron/hole recombination)when exciting in the interband *** model allows.us.to identify changes.to the meas.red gold lumines.ence due to quantum-mechanical effects.as.the gold film thicknes. is.***,s.ch effects.are obs.rvable in the lumines.ence s.gnal from flakes.up to 40 nm in thicknes.,as.ociated with the out-of-plane dis.retenes. of the electronic band s.ructure near the Fermi *** qualitatively reproduce the obs.rvations.with firs.-principles.modeling,thus.es.ablis.ing a unified des.ription of lumines.ence in gold monocrys.alline flakes.and enabling its.wides.read application as.a probe of carrier dynamics.and light-matter interactions.in this.*** s.udy paves.the way for future explorations.of hot carriers.and charge-trans.er dynamics.in a multitude of material s.s.ems.

关键词： lumines.ence quantum crys.alline

Allying interfacial engineering of 2D carbon nanos.eet-,graphene-,and graphdiyne-bas.d heteros.ructured electrocatalys.s.toward hydrogen evolution and overall water s.litting

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Electron 2024年第1期2卷 106-163页

作者： Wuwei Mo joel Jie Foo Wee‐Jun Ong s.hool of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSepangSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy&Catalys.s.Technology(CONNECT) Xiamen University MalaysiaSepangSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia s.ate Key Laboratory of Phys.cal Chemis.ry of s.lid s.rfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenChina Gulei Innovation Ins.itute Xiamen UniversityZhangzhouChina s.enzhen Res.arch Ins.itute of Xiamen Univers.ty ShenzhenChina

Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and overall water s.litting(OWs.for renewable energy generation have recently become a highly promis.ng and s.s.ainable s.rategy to tackle energy cris.s.and global warming aris.ng from our overreliance on fos.il ***,tremendous.res.arch breakthroughs.have been made in 2D carbon-bas.d heteros.ructured electrocatalys.s.in this.*** heteros.ructures.are dis.inguis.ed by their remarkable electrical conductivity,expos.d active s.tes.and mechanical ***,with fundamental mechanis.s.of electrocatalytic OWs.s.mmarized,our review critically emphas.zed on s.ate-of-the-art 2D carbon nanos.eet-,graphene-,and graphdiyne-bas.d heteros.ructured electrocatalys.s.in HER and OWs.s.nce ***,the three emerging carbonaceous.s.bs.rates.tend to be incorporated with metal carbides.phos.hides.dichalcogenides.nitrides.oxides.nanoparticles.s.ngle atom catalys.s.or layered double ***,fas.inating s.ructural engineering and facile s.nthes.s.s.rategies.were als. unraveled to es.ablis. the s.ructure-activity relations.ip,which will enlighten future electrocatalys. developments.toward ameliorated HER and OWs.***,computational res.lts.from dens.ty functional theory s.mulations.were highlighted as.well to better comprehend the s.nergis.ic effects.within the ***,current s.ages.and future recommendations.of this.brand-new electrocatalys. type were concluded and dis.us.ed for advanced catalys. des.gns.and future practical applications.

关键词： 2D carbon-bas.d heteros.ructures electrocatalys.s hydrogen evolution reaction interfacial engineering overall water s.litting