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Beyond cotton and polyester: An evaluation of emerging feedstocks and conversion methods for the future of fashion industry

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第2期9卷 130-159页

作者： Ryen M.Frazier Keren A.Vivas Ivana Azuaje ramon Vera Alonzo Pifano Naycari Forfora Hasan Jameel Ericka Ford joel J.Pawlak Richard Venditti Ronalds Gonzalez Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and ScienceThe Nonwovens InstituteNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

As the global population grows,the demand for textiles is increasing ***,this puts immense pressure on manufacturers to produce more *** synthetic fibers can be pro-duced cheaply,they have a negative impact on the *** the other hand,fibers from wool,sisal,fique,wood pulp(viscose),and man-made cellulose fibers(MMCFs)from cotton can-not alone meet the growing fiber demand without major stresses on land,water,and existing markets using these *** a greater emphasis on transparency and circular economy practices,there is a need to consider natural non-wood alternative sources for MMCFs to supple-ment other fiber ***,introducing new feedstocks with different compositions may require different biomass conversion ***,based on existing work,this review ad-dresses the technical feasibility of various alternative feedstocks for conversion to textile-grade ***,alternative feedstocks are introduced,and then conventional(dissolving pulp)and emerging(fibrillated cellulose and recycled material)conversion technologies are evaluated to help select the most suitable and promising processes for these emerging alternative sources of *** is important to note that for alternative feedstocks to be adopted on a meaningful scale,high biomass availability and proximity of conversion facilities are critical *** North America,soybean,wheat,rice,sorghum,and sugarcane residues are widely available and most suitable for conventional conversion through various dissolving pulp production methods(pre-hydrolysis kraft,acid sulfite,soda,SO2-ethanol-water,and potassium hydroxide)or by emerging cellulose fibrillation *** dissolving pulp conversion is well-established,fibrillated cel-lulose methods could be beneficial from cost,efficiency,and environmental ***,the authors strongly encourage more work in this growing research ***,conducting thorough cost and sustainability assessment

关键词： Non-wood Residue Regenerated cellulose Dissolving pulp Man-made cellulose fiber Apparel textile

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Allying interfacial engineering of 2D carbon nanosheet-,graphene-,and graphdiyne-based heterostructured electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution and overall water splitting

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Electron 2024年第1期2卷 106-163页

作者： Wuwei Mo joel Jie Foo Wee‐Jun Ong School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSepangSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy&Catalysis Technology(CONNECT) Xiamen University MalaysiaSepangSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenChina Gulei Innovation Institute Xiamen UniversityZhangzhouChina Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University ShenzhenChina

Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and overall water splitting(OWS)for renewable energy generation have recently become a highly promising and sustainable strategy to tackle energy crisis and global warming arising from our overreliance on fossil ***,tremendous research breakthroughs have been made in 2D carbon-based heterostructured electrocatalysts in this *** heterostructures are distinguished by their remarkable electrical conductivity,exposed active sites,and mechanical ***,with fundamental mechanisms of electrocatalytic OWS summarized,our review critically emphasized on state-of-the-art 2D carbon nanosheet-,graphene-,and graphdiyne-based heterostructured electrocatalysts in HER and OWS since ***,the three emerging carbonaceous substrates tend to be incorporated with metal carbides,phosphides,dichalcogenides,nitrides,oxides,nanoparticles,single atom catalysts,or layered double ***,fascinating structural engineering and facile synthesis strategies were also unraveled to establish the structure-activity relationship,which will enlighten future electrocatalyst developments toward ameliorated HER and OWS ***,computational results from density functional theory simulations were highlighted as well to better comprehend the synergistic effects within the ***,current stages and future recommendations of this brand-new electrocatalyst type were concluded and discussed for advanced catalyst designs and future practical applications.

关键词： 2D carbon-based heterostructures electrocatalysis hydrogen evolution reaction interfacial engineering overall water splitting

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The Impacts and Causes of Land Fragmentation on Farm Productivity: Case Review of East African Countries

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第5期14卷 455-482页

作者： Joseph Mayindo Mayele Jacob B. Kolleh joel Emmanuel Saburi Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Forestry and Wildlife College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Socio-Economic and Applied Statistics Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI) Suakoko Liberia

This report provides an overall assessment of land fragmentation problems in East Africa. Many parts of East Africa have become highly fragmented, putting development systems and activities in these areas at risk of complete collapse. Land fragmentation occurs when land gets converted for agriculture, industrialization, or urbanization, invaded by non-local plants, or enclosed for individual use and by subdividing farmlands into subsequent smaller units called parcels with varying average farm sizes. Fragmentation results from inappropriate agricultural development processes and ineffective land use planning that fails to recognize how farmland is used, and the importance of its interconnected areas. Insecurity of tenure and resource rights are key factors in making this possible. Land fragmentation is one of the key reasons why the ability of most resources in East Africa becomes scarcer, and those remaining become “privatized” by more powerful community members—keen to maintain their access to them. Such individualistic attitudes are new and disadvantage the poorest even further by affecting the traditional customary safety nets and agricultural outputs. Neither the government nor customary governance systems effectively protect resource access for the poorest. This review summary report identifies the key causes, measures, and implications, government interventions, and the common remedies to land fragmentation problems in the East African Countries of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania including neighboring Ethiopia, and the Sudan. The findings indicated from 2005 to 2015, the population kept increasing for all the named countries in East Africa with Rwanda and Uganda having a substantial increase in population density. The study review further explores the trend in the performance of agriculture by average farm sizes within the intervals of five years by highlighting their strong linkages and found that the average farm size has declined drastically, especiall

关键词： Land Fragmentation Land Consolidation Farm Productivity Industrialization Impacts Causes Average Farm Size Population East Africa

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Combination Activity of Standard Antituberculosis Drugs and Extracts of Medicinal Plants Commonly Used in Traditional Treatment of Tuberculosis in Uganda

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 511-522页

作者： Moses Mpeirwe Kevin Komakech Duncan Ssesazi Patrick Engeu Ogwang joel Bazira Department of Microbiology Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Medical Microbiology Mycobacteriology (BSL-3) Laboratory Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Pharmacy Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda

Introduction: Resistance to antituberculosis drugs and adverse drug reactions remain the leading causes of tuberculosis therapeutic failure globally. Despite the increasing acceptance of medicinal plant use in combination with conventional antituberculosis drugs in treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in Uganda, there is paucity of knowledge on their combination effect. Aim: This research aimed to determine combination activity of standard antituberculosis drugs with extracts of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr. and Rubia cordifolia L., the two common antituberculosis medicinal plants in Uganda, against pansensitive (H37Rv) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Materials and Methods: Two reference MTB strains (H37Rv and MDR strain) were inoculated on Middlebrook 7H11 medium containing a combination of standard antituberculosis drugs and methanol extracts of Z. leprieurii and R. cordifolia at varying concentrations. The number of colonies on the plates was observed and counted weekly for up to 8 weeks. In vitro combination activity was determined using proportion method. Mean percentage inhibition was calculated for the reduction of number of colonies on drug-extract combination medium in relation to drug-extract-free control medium. Results: Drug-extract combinations showed good combination activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains when compared with individual standard anti-TB drugs. This was more exhibited against MDR strain. There was however a reduction in percentage inhibition when extracts were combined with ethambutol and streptomycin against H37Rv strain. Conclusions: Zanthoxylum leprieurii and Rubia cordifolia in combination with standard anti-TB drugs exhibited increased in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially MDR-TB strain. This justifies the local use of these plants in traditional treatment of tuberculosis especially in resistant cases in Uganda.

关键词： Combination Activity Medicinal Plants Zanthoxylum leprieurii Rubia cordifolia Standard Antituberculosis Drugs

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Evaluating the Impacts of Human Activities on Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Large Mammals in Nimule National Park, South Sudan

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第5期14卷 483-507页

作者： Abdallah Gordon Shazali Joseph Mayindo Mayele joel Emmanuel Saburi Jubara Nadlin Department of Wildlife College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Environment and Natural Resources School of Forestry Environmental and Geographical Sciences College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Forestry College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

Globally, human activities have a significant impact on the diversity, abundance, and distribution of large mammals in Protected Areas (PAs). These disturbances increase human pressure on biodiversity and species habitats, highlighting the need for conservation. This study aimed to assess the abundance and distribution of large mammals in different habitat types within Nimule National Park (NNP) and understand the impacts of human activities on them. Data on the abundance and distribution of large mammals and their respective habitat types were collected through line transect surveys. Human activity signs were observed and recorded along the transect lines. To estimate the impacts of human activities on the diversity, abundance, and distribution of large mammal species, as well as to identify any significant differences between them and their habitat types, the study utilized the Kruskal Wallis test, Polynomial multiple regressions, and diversity indices. The findings from the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices indicated that large mammal species were more diverse inside the park (H’ = 1.136;D = 0.570) compared to the buffer zone (H’ = 0.413;D = 0.171), with 85% (443 out of 510 samples) recorded within Nimule National Park. The species abundance showed a semi-balanced status (0.58). The diversity results among different habitat types revealed that large mammals were more diverse and highly distributed in both open woodlands (244) and dense woodlands (192), while riverine vegetation had the lowest diversity (8). Statistical tests demonstrated a highly significant difference at a 99% confidence interval (p-value = 0.01) between habitat types and identified species of large mammals. Additionally, the results highlighted the high abundance of Uganda kob (274), baboons (141), and warthog (57) across most habitat types, accounting for at least 75% of their distribution. The most prevalent human activities observed were cattle footprints (27%) and cattle dung (14%). Human

关键词： Diversity of Large Mammals Abundance and Distribution Impacts Biodiversity Conservation Human Activities Nimule National Park South Sudan

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Congenital Bilateral Proximal Radio-Ulnar Synostosis in a Nigerian Child

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 101-107页

作者： Alabi Ayobami Oyetunji joel-Medewase Victor Idowu Olalere Ayankemi Adenike joel Iretiayo Titilolu Sayomi Bukola Adetutu Oladibu Olanike Taiye Adetoye Mayowa Mary Ashaolu Oluwakayode Joseph Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria Department of Radiology Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria Department of Radiology University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Department of Paediatrics and Child Health LAUTECH Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso Nigeria

Congenital radio-ulnar synostosis (CRUS) is a rare skeletal malformation of the upper limb and the most common congenital functional disorder of the elbow joint, causing limitation in forearm rotational movements, which may lead to difficulties with some activities of daily living. We reported a 4-year-old girl with congenital bilateral proximal radio-ulnar synostosis who presented with functional discomfort due to limitation of the prono-supination movements of the forearms and abnormal gestures when handling objects. She has clinical and radiological features of congenital radio-ulnar synostosis (CRUS). However, the parents declined corrective surgery because of wrong perception of the condition to be normal. This case highlighted the poor health seeking behavior and wrong illness perception prevalent in the developing countries.

关键词： Congenital Radio-Ulnar Synostosis Upper Limb Congenital Anomalies Pro-no-Supination

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Multimodal comparison of plasma proteins associated with blood-brain barrier impairment in Alzheimer’s disease

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Aging Communications 2024年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Elisa Giunti Roberto Collu joel Reisman Jong Soo Lee Noureddine Melikechi Weiming Xia Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Bedford VA Healthcare SystemBedfordMA 01730U.S.A Department of Pharmacology Physiology and BiophysicsBoston University Chobanian&Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMA 02118U.S.A Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research Bedford VA Healthcare SystemBedfordMA 01730U.S.A Kennedy College of Science University of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA 01854U.S.A.

Background:Vascular impairment is one of the major contributors to *** aimed to identify blood biomarkers suggestive of potential impairment of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:We used administrative data from the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure Resource Center to study both inpatients and outpatients with *** samples from healthy control and AD individuals were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and proteomics approaches to identify differentially expressed *** analysis was applied to explore significantly enriched ***:In the same cohort of patients with AD,we found twice number of subjects with cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the two-year period after the onset of AD,compared to the number of subjects with cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the two-year period prior to AD *** pathways related to BBB,like cell adhesion,extracellular matrix organization and Wnt signaling,were activated and differentially expressed proteins such as ADAM22,PDGFR-α,DKK-4,Neucrin and RSOP-1 were ***,matrix metalloproteinase-9,which is implicated in causing degradation of basal lamina and BBB disruption,was significantly increased in the plasma of AD ***:Alteration of proteins found in AD subjects could provide new insights into biomarkers regulating permeability and BBB integrity.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease blood-brain barrier peripheral biomarkers matrix metalloproteinases cerebral amyloid angiopathy

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Beta-HCG Levels and Ovarian Ultrasonography Results among Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 233-241页

作者： Celine C. Agonsi Francis Anacletus joel Aluko Chinemerem Eleke Joy C. Samuel African Centre of Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR) University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria Department of Nursing Science University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria

Background: Certain ovarian cancers that were previously common in postmenopausal women are now increasingly observed in women of reproductive age. The research on using β-HCG as a diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer in women of reproductive age is ongoing. Aim: This study assessed the level of serum β-HCG in non-pregnant women of reproductive age and determined its potential association with suspicious ovarian ultrasonography results. Methods: The study was conducted in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. This study adopted a cross-sectional design on a quota sample of 224 case notes of women aged 18 - 40 years obtained from eight diagnostic centres. A data extraction form was used for data collection. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and Odds Ratio at 95% confidence and 5% significance levels. Results: About 5.8% of the participants exhibited detectable levels of serum β-HCG above 5 IU/L (World Health Organization reference) at a mean concentration of 5.87 (±1.75) IU/L. About 4.0% of the participants had suspicious ovarian lesions identified through ultrasonography. Participants with elevated serum β-HCG levels above the WHO reference were 59 times more likely to have suspicious ovarian lesions (Odds ratio: 59.4, 95%CI: 12.3 - 287.8, p β-HCG level and age (p = 0.041) as well as parity (p Conclusion: Serum β-HCG levels above the WHO reference in non-pregnant women were associated with suspicious ovarian lesions. More rigorous primary research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are needed to confirm the findings of this study.

关键词： Biomarkers Ovarian Cancer Pregnancy Ultrasonography

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Knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among Medical Students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 162-175页

作者： Prosper Iheanacho Okonkwo Kingsley Chinedu Okafor Bitrus Salome Kwaghal Bolarinwa Boluwatito joel Haruna Garba Department of Community Medicine & PHC Bingham University Karu Nigeria

Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good kn

关键词： Knowledge Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) Nosocomial Infections Medical Students

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Validation of the TOPAS Monte-Carlo Code of the Off-Field Dose of a 6 MV Synergy Linac

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 38-54页

作者： Kodjo joel Fabrice N’Guessan Ibrahima Sakho Bogbé D. L. H. Gogon Department of Physics and Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Technology Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal International Cancer Center of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Flix Houphouet Boigny University of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The risk of radiation-induced second cancer and the late tissue loss due to Off-field doses in radiotherapy remain a serious concern. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is currently one of the most accurate methods for calculating these doses. MC simulation model based on the Particle Simulation Tool (TOPAS) has been developed to simulate the off-field dose of an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator (Linac) emitting 6 MV photons. Measurements were taken in a water phantom using an ionization chamber to validate this model. The Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) at the depth of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 cm from the beam axis for a 10 × 10 cm2 field size was measured and simulated. Off-field dose profiles at the depth of 1.5 (dmax), 5.0 and 10.0 cm for field sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, and 20 × 20 cm2 respectively were measured and simulated. Comparison of measured and simulated off-field dose values showed a good agreement. The average gamma passing rate of the PDDs and profiles curves for off-field doses were 87.5% and 98.11% respectively. The local dose difference based on the PDD curve between the measured and simulated was less than 6.0 % for all locations. For all field size considered in this study, the average difference between profile curves for off-field dose measured and simulated was 9.1%. PDDs and Profiles curves for off-field dose simulation uncertainties were less than 2.0% and 1.0% respectively. TOPAS-MC simulation model developed is a good representation of our 6 MV Linac Elekta Synergy for assessing off-field dose, which would be the primary cause of some secondary cancers.

关键词： Radiotherapy Off-Field Dose Secondary Cancer TOPAS-MC Simulation Dosimetry

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