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Beyond cotton and polyester: An evaluation of em.rging feedstocks and conversion m.thods for the future of fashion industry

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第2期9卷 130-159页

作者： Ryen m.Frazier Keren A.Vivas Ivana Azuaje Ram.n Vera Alonzo Pifano Naycari Forfora Hasan Jam.el Ericka Ford joel J.Pawlak Richard Venditti Ronalds Gonzalez Departm.nt of Forest Biom.terials North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Departm.nt of Textile Engineering Chemistry and ScienceThe Nonwovens InstituteNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

As the global population grows,the dem.nd for textiles is increasing ***,this puts im.ense pressure on m.nufacturers to produce m.re *** synthetic fibers can be pro-duced cheaply,they have a negative im.act on the *** the other hand,fibers from.wool,sisal,fique,wood pulp(viscose),and m.n-m.de cellulose fibers(m.CFs)from.cotton can-not alone m.et the growing fiber dem.nd without m.jor stresses on land,water,and existing m.rkets using these *** a greater em.hasis on transparency and circular econom. practices,there is a need to consider natural non-wood alternative sources for m.CFs to supple-m.nt other fiber ***,introducing new feedstocks with different com.ositions m.y require different biom.ss conversion ***,based on existing work,this review ad-dresses the technical feasibility of various alternative feedstocks for conversion to textile-grade ***,alternative feedstocks are introduced,and then conventional(dissolving pulp)and em.rging(fibrillated cellulose and recycled m.terial)conversion technologies are evaluated to help select the m.st suitable and prom.sing processes for these em.rging alternative sources of *** is im.ortant to note that for alternative feedstocks to be adopted on a m.aningful scale,high biom.ss availability and proxim.ty of conversion facilities are critical *** North Am.rica,soybean,wheat,rice,sorghum.and sugarcane residues are widely available and m.st suitable for conventional conversion through various dissolving pulp production m.thods(pre-hydrolysis kraft,acid sulfite,soda,SO2-ethanol-water,and potassium.hydroxide)or by em.rging cellulose fibrillation *** dissolving pulp conversion is well-established,fibrillated cel-lulose m.thods could be beneficial from.cost,efficiency,and environm.ntal ***,the authors strongly encourage m.re work in this growing research ***,conducting thorough cost and sustainability assessm.nt

关键词： Non-wood Residue Regenerated cellulose Dissolving pulp m.n-m.de cellulose fiber Apparel textile

System.tic Radio Telescope Alignm.nt Using Portable Fringe Projection Profilom.try

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Nanom.nufacturing and m.trology 2024年第1期7卷 75-85页

作者： joel Berkson Justin Hyatt Nathan Julicher Byeongjoon Jeong Isaac Pim.enta Rachel Ball Wyatt Ellis Jason Voris Diego Torres‑Barajas Daewook Kim Jam.s C.Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.TucsonAZ 85721USA Departm.nt of Astronom. at Steward Observatory University of Arizona933 N Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA

In 2019,the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)released the first-ever im.ge of a black hole event *** are now aim.ng for higher angular resolutions of distant targets,like black holes,to understand m.re about the fundam.ntal laws of gravity that govern our *** achieve this higher resolution and increased sensitivity,larger radio telescopes are needed to operate at higher frequencies and in larger *** like the next-generation Very Large Array(ngVLA)and the Square-Kilom.ter Array(SKA)require building hundreds of telescopes with diam.ters greater than 10 m. over the next *** has a twofold *** telescope surfaces need to be m.re accurate to operate at higher frequencies,and the logistics involved in m.intaining a radio telescope need to be sim.lified to support them.properly in large *** of these problem. can be solved with im.roved m.thods for surface m.trology that are faster and m.re accurate with a higher *** leads to faster and m.re accurate panel alignm.nt and,therefore,a m.re productive *** this paper,we present the use of binocular fringe projection profilom.try as a solution to this problem.and dem.nstrate it by aligning two panels on a 3-m.radio telescope *** m.asurem.nt takes only 10 m.n and directly delivers feedback on the tip,tilt,and piston of each panel to create the ideal reflector shape.

关键词： m.trology Fringe projection profilom.try Off-axis alignm.nt Radio astronom. Radio antenna

Quantum.m.chanical effects in photolum.nescence from.thin crystalline gold film.

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 783-794页

作者： Alan R.Bowm.n Alvaro Rodríguez Echarri Fatem.h Kiani Fadil Iyikanat Ted V.Tsoulos joel D.Cox Ravishankar Sundararam.n F.Javier García de Abajo Giulia Tagliabue Laboratory of Nanoscience for Energy Technologies(LNET) STIÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels(Barcelona)Spain. m.I–m.x-Born-Institut BerlinGermany. POLIm.–Center for Polariton-driven Light–m.tter Interactions University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Departm.nt of m.terials Science&Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. Departm.nt of Physics Applied Physicsand AstronomyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. ICREA–Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats BarcelonaSpain

Lum.nescence constitutes a unique source of insight into hot carrier processes in m.tals,including those in plasm.nic nanostructures used for sensing and energy ***,being weak in nature,m.tal lum.nescence rem.ins poorly understood,its m.croscopic origin strongly debated,and its potential for unraveling nanoscale carrier dynam.cs largely ***,we reveal quantum.m.chanical effects in the lum.nescence em.nating from.thin m.nocrystalline gold ***,we present experim.ntal evidence,supported by first-principles sim.lations,to dem.nstrate its photolum.nescence origin(i.e.,radiative em.ssion from.electron/hole recom.ination)when exciting in the interband *** m.del allows us to identify changes to the m.asured gold lum.nescence due to quantum.m.chanical effects as the gold film.thickness is ***,such effects are observable in the lum.nescence signal from.flakes up to 40 nm.in thickness,associated with the out-of-plane discreteness of the electronic band structure near the Ferm. *** qualitatively reproduce the observations with first-principles m.deling,thus establishing a unified description of lum.nescence in gold m.nocrystalline flakes and enabling its widespread application as a probe of carrier dynam.cs and light-m.tter interactions in this *** study paves the way for future explorations of hot carriers and charge-transfer dynam.cs in a m.ltitude of m.terial system..

关键词： lum.nescence quantum crystalline

Practical Handbook of Echocardiography: 101 Case Studies 1

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Two-photon polym.rization lithography for im.ging optics

2010年

作者： Jing Ping Sun md joel m. Felner md John D. m.rlino md

ISBN: (数字)9781444320367

ISBN: (纸本)9781405195560

Practical Handbook of Echocardiography: 101 Case Studies Echocardiography is now one of the m.st com.only used diagnostic im.ging tools, yet m.ny clinicians rem.in unaware of the range of conditions echo can reveal or how echo can be used to help plan therapy. m.reover, it can be quite challenging even for the m.st seasoned practitioners to spot unusual conditions. Com.iled by three echocardiographers with m.re than 100 years of clinical experience between them. Practical Handbook of Echocardiography uses a case-based approach to explain in detail the full spectrum.of echocardiographic m.dalities and how to optim.ze their use in the clinical setting. This practical new book: Covers the full gam.t of echocardiographic m.dalities, including m.m.de, 2-D,3-D and Doppler (PW, CW, color flow, tissue and strain), transesophageal (intra-operative and routine) and contrast Describes cases in both clinical and echocardiographic term. including very interesting cases and the new clinical techniques Features beautifully reproduced, well-labeled, full color echocardiogram. Includes accom.anying DVD with real-tim. video clips Appropriate for physician echocardiographers and all cardiologists, as well as echocardiographic technicians, Practical Handbook of Echocardiography is the ideal concise guide to using echocardiography to m.ke definitive diagnoses and im.rove patient outcom.s.

关键词： Cardiovascular Diseasesultrasonography

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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International Journal of Extrem. m.nufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 21-60页

作者： Hao Wang Cheng-Feng Pan Chi Li Kishan S m.nghrajani m.rkus A Schm.dt Aoling Li Fu Fan Yu Zhou Wang Zhang Hongtao Wang Parvathi Nair Suseela Nair John You En Chan Tom.hiro m.ri Yueqiang Hu Guangwei Hu Stefan A m.ier Haoran Ren Huigao Duan joel K W Yang College of m.chanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People's Republic of China Engineering Product Developm.nt Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation Hunan UniversityGuangzhou 511300People's Republic of China Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore School of Physics and Astronom. Faculty of ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3800Australia Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology 07745 JenaGermany Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Otto Schott Institute of m.terial Research FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Institute of m.terials Research and Engineering A*STAR(Agency for Science Technology and Research)Singapore 138634Singapore Industrial Technology Center of Wakayam. Prefecture Wakayama 6496261Japan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore Departm.nt of Physics Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom

Optical im.ging system. have greatly extended hum.n visual capabilities,enabling the observation and understanding of diverse *** technologies span a broad spectrum.of wavelengths from.x-ray to radio frequencies and im.act research activities and our daily *** glass lenses are fabricated through a series of com.lex processes,while polym.rs offer versatility and ease of ***,m.dern applications often require com.lex lens assem.lies,driving the need for m.niaturization and advanced designs with m.cro-and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication ***-dim.nsional(3D)printing,or additive m.nufacturing,presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping,custom.zed geom.tries,and efficient production,particularly suited for m.niaturized optical im.ging *** 3D printing m.thods have dem.nstrated advantages over traditional counterparts,yet challenges rem.in in achieving nanoscale ***-photon polym.rization lithography(TPL),a nanoscale 3D printing technique,enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction lim.t via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid *** offers unprecedented abilities,***-free fabrication,m.cro-and nanoscale capabilities,and rapid prototyping of alm.st arbitrary com.lex 3D *** this review,we em.hasize the im.ortance of the criteria for optical perform.nce evaluation of im.ging devices,discuss m.terial properties relevant to TPL,fabrication techniques,and highlight the application of TPL in optical *** the first panoram.c review on this topic,it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancem.nts of TPL for im.ging optics,prom.ting a deeper understanding of the *** leveraging on its high-resolution capability,extensive m.terial range,and true 3D processing,alongside advances in m.terials,fabrication,and design,we en

关键词： two-photon polym.rization lithography 3D printing additive m.nufacturing im.ging optics and nanophotonics

Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: Im.lem.ntation of Water Quality m.nitoring Interventions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： m.chael Habtu m.rk Nanyingi Ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid m. Noor joel m.tyandia m.li Alan m.ika Julius Wekesa Ahm.d Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego Ishata Nannie Conteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. Ibrahim.Ahm.d Nadhir Om.r m.rtins C. Livinus Abdourahm.ne Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agency for Health Dijon France

A m.lti-faceted Case Area Targeted Intervention (CATI) approach em.hasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) cam.aign was em.loyed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily im.acted by cholera were system.tically m.pped and tested for m.crobiological quality. The quality assessm.nt was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 sam.les were collected and tested for therm.tolerant coliform. and other in situ param.ters. The finding revealed that m.re than 87% of the sam.les did not m.et the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for therm.tolerant coliform.;and 30% had turbidity values above the recom.ended threshold values. None of the 109 sam.les had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county governm.nt im.lem.nted the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive im.act in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality m.nitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH com.odities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatm.nt Kenya

Hybridization and the species problem.in conservation

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 206-216页

作者： Benjam.n m. FITZPATRICK m.ureen E. RYAN Jarrett R. JOHNSON joel CORUSH Evin T. CARTER Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA School of Environm.ntal and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Biology Departm.nt Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 42101 USA

m.st biologists recognize the ＂species phenom.non＂ as a real pattern in nature： Biodiversity is characterized by dis- continuities between recognizable groups classified as species. m.ny conservation laws focus on preventing species extinction. However, species are not fixed. Discontinuities evolve gradually and som.tim.s disappear. Exactly how to define particular spe- cies is not always obvious. Hybridization between taxonom.c species rem.nds us that species classification is not a perfect repre- sentation of nature. Classification is a m.del that is very useful, but not adequate in all cases. Conservationists often confront questions about how to apply species-based laws when hybridization confounds classification. Developm.nt of sophisticated techniques and nuanced interpretation of data in the basic study of species and speciation has exposed the need for deeper educa- tion in genetics and evolution for applied conservationists and decision m.kers. Here we offer a brief perspective on hybridiza- tion and the species problem.in conservation. Our intended audience is conservation practitioners and decision-m.kers m.re than geneticists and evolutionary biologists. We wish to em.hasize that the goals and prem.ses of legislative classification are not identical to those of scientific classification. Som.tim.s legal classification is required when the best available science indicates that discrete classification is not an adequate m.del for the case. Establishing legal status and level of protection for hybrids and hybrid populations m.ans choosing from.a range of scientifically valid alternatives. Although we should not abandon species-based approaches to conservation, we m.st recognize their lim.tations and work to clarify the roles of science and values in ethical and legal decisions [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 206-216, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Hybrid zone Conservation Genetics Policy Classification Delim.tation

m.dified activated carbon with interconnected fibrils of iron-oxyhydroxides using m.^(2+) as m.rphology regulator, for a superior arsenic rem.val from.water

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2019年第2期31卷 403-414页

作者： Cesar Nieto-Delgado joel Gutiérrez-m.rtínez J.Rene Rangel-m.ndez Environm.ntal Sciences Division Potosino Institute of Scientific and Technological ResearchIPICyT

The arsenic rem.val efficiency of iron-m.dified activated carbons depends greatly on the num.er of available iron oxide surface sites, which are given by the surface area of the anchored particles. In this sense, aim.ng the generation of an adsorbent with superior arsenic adsorption capacity, we developed a protocol to anchor interconnected fibrils of iron oxyhydroxides, using m.^(2+) as a m.rphology regulator. The protocol was based on a m.crowave-assisted hydrotherm.l m.thod, using bitum.nous based activated carbon and both Fe^(2+) and m.^(2+) ions in the hydrolysis solution. The elem.ntal analysis of m.dified carbons revealed that m. does not anchor to the carbon. However, when m. is included in the hydrolysis solution, the iron content in the activated carbon increased up to 3.5 wt%,without considerable decreasing the adsorbent surface area. Under specific hydrotherm.l conditions, the m.^(2+) prom.ted the form.tion of iron oxide nanoparticles shaped as interconnected fibrils. This m.terial showed a superior arsenic adsorption capacity in com.arison to sim.lar iron m.dified activated carbons(5 m. As/g carbon, at 2 m. As/L),attributed to the increase in quantity and availability of active sites located on the novel interconnected fibrils of iron oxyhydroxides nanostructures.

关键词： Iron oxide nanostructures Hydrotherm.l synthesis m.crowave Adsorption capacity Kinetics

Adult celiac disease with acetylcholine receptor antibody positive m.asthenia gravis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第38期15卷 4741-4744页

作者： Hugh J Freem.n Helen R Gillett Peter m.Gillett joel Oger Departm.nt of m.dicine (Gastroenterology and Neurology) University of British Columbia

Celiac disease has been associated with som. autoim.une disorders. A 40-year-old com.etitive strongm.n with celiac disease responded to a gluten-free diet, but developed profound and generalized m.tor weakness with acetylcholine receptor antibody positive m.asthenia gravis, a disorder reported to occur in about 1 in 5000. This possible relationship between m.asthenia gravis and celiac disease was further explored in serological studies. Frozen stored serum.sam.les from.23 acetylcholine receptor antibody positive m.asthenia gravis patients with no intestinal sym.tom. were used to screen for celiac disease. Both endom.sial and tissue transglutam.nase antibodies were exam.ned. One of 23 (or, about 4.3%) was positive for both IgA-endom.sial and IgA tissue transglutam.nase antibodies. Endoscopic studies subsequently showed duodenal m.cosal scalloping and biopsies confirm.d the histopathological changes of celiac disease. Celiac disease and m.asthenia gravis m.y occur together m.re often than is currently appreciated. The presence of m.tor weakness in celiac disease m.y be a clue to occult m.asthenia gravis, even in the absence of intestinal sym.tom..

关键词： Acetylcholine receptor antibodies Celiacdisease m.asthenia gravis Transglutam.nase antibodies