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State of machine and deep learning in histopathological applications in digestive diseases

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第20期27卷 2545-2575页

作者： Soma kobayashi joel H Saltz Vincent w yang Department of Biomedical Informatics Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States Department of Medicine Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States Department of Physiology and Biophysics Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States

Machine learning(ML)-and deep learning(DL)-based imaging modalities have exhibited the capacity to handle extremely high dimensional data for a number of computer vision *** these approaches have been applied to numerous data types,this capacity can be especially leveraged by application on histopathological images,which capture cellular and structural features with their highresolution,microscopic ***,these methodologies have demonstrated promising performance in a variety of applications like disease classification,cancer grading,structure and cellular localizations,and prognostic predictions.A wide range of pathologies requiring histopathological evaluation exist in gastroenterology and hepatology,indicating these as disciplines highly targetable for integration of these *** have also already been primed to consider the impact of these algorithms,as development of real-time endoscopic video analysis software has been an active and popular field of *** heightened clinical awareness will likely be important for future integration of these methods and to drive interdisciplinary collaborations on emerging *** provide an overview on the application of these methodologies for gastrointestinal and hepatological histopathological slides,this review will discuss general ML and DL concepts,introduce recent and emerging literature using these methods,and cover challenges moving forward to further advance the field.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Deep learning Gastroenterology Hepatology Histopathology

Multimodal comparison of plasma proteins associated with blood-brain barrier impairment in Alzheimer’s disease

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Aging Communications 2024年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Elisa Giunti Roberto Collu joel Reisman Jong Soo Lee Noureddine Melikechi weiming Xia Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Bedford VA Healthcare SystemBedfordMA 01730U.S.A Department of Pharmacology Physiology and BiophysicsBoston University Chobanian&Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMA 02118U.S.A Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research Bedford VA Healthcare SystemBedfordMA 01730U.S.A kennedy College of Science University of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA 01854U.S.A.

Background:Vascular impairment is one of the major contributors to *** aimed to identify blood biomarkers suggestive of potential impairment of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:we used administrative data from the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure Resource Center to study both inpatients and outpatients with *** samples from healthy control and AD individuals were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and proteomics approaches to identify differentially expressed *** analysis was applied to explore significantly enriched ***:In the same cohort of patients with AD,we found twice number of subjects with cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the two-year period after the onset of AD,compared to the number of subjects with cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the two-year period prior to AD *** pathways related to BBB,like cell adhesion,extracellular matrix organization and wnt signaling,were activated and differentially expressed proteins such as ADAM22,PDGFR-α,Dkk-4,Neucrin and RSOP-1 were ***,matrix metalloproteinase-9,which is implicated in causing degradation of basal lamina and BBB disruption,was significantly increased in the plasma of AD ***:Alteration of proteins found in AD subjects could provide new insights into biomarkers regulating permeability and BBB integrity.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease blood-brain barrier peripheral biomarkers matrix metalloproteinases cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Beta-HCG Levels and Ovarian Ultrasonography Results among Non-Pregnant women of Reproductive Age in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 233-241页

作者： Celine C. Agonsi Francis Anacletus joel Aluko Chinemerem Eleke Joy C. Samuel African Centre of Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR) University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria Department of Nursing Science University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria

Background: Certain ovarian cancers that were previously common in postmenopausal women are now increasingly observed in women of reproductive age. The research on using β-HCG as a diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer in women of reproductive age is ongoing. Aim: This study assessed the level of serum β-HCG in non-pregnant women of reproductive age and determined its potential association with suspicious ovarian ultrasonography results. Methods: The study was conducted in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. This study adopted a cross-sectional design on a quota sample of 224 case notes of women aged 18 - 40 years obtained from eight diagnostic centres. A data extraction form was used for data collection. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and Odds Ratio at 95% confidence and 5% significance levels. Results: About 5.8% of the participants exhibited detectable levels of serum β-HCG above 5 IU/L (world Health Organization reference) at a mean concentration of 5.87 (±1.75) IU/L. About 4.0% of the participants had suspicious ovarian lesions identified through ultrasonography. Participants with elevated serum β-HCG levels above the wHO reference were 59 times more likely to have suspicious ovarian lesions (Odds ratio: 59.4, 95%CI: 12.3 - 287.8, p β-HCG level and age (p = 0.041) as well as parity (p Conclusion: Serum β-HCG levels above the wHO reference in non-pregnant women were associated with suspicious ovarian lesions. More rigorous primary research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are needed to confirm the findings of this study.

关键词： Biomarkers Ovarian Cancer Pregnancy Ultrasonography

knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among Medical Students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 162-175页

作者： Prosper Iheanacho Okonkwo kingsley Chinedu Okafor Bitrus Salome kwaghal Bolarinwa Boluwatito joel Haruna Garba Department of Community Medicine & PHC Bingham University Karu Nigeria

Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by wHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good kn

关键词： knowledge Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) Nosocomial Infections Medical Students

Validation of the TOPAS Monte-Carlo Code of the Off-Field Dose of a 6 MV Synergy Linac

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 38-54页

作者： kodjo joel Fabrice N’Guessan Ibrahima Sakho Bogbé D. L. H. Gogon Department of Physics and Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Technology Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal International Cancer Center of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Flix Houphouet Boigny University of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The risk of radiation-induced second cancer and the late tissue loss due to Off-field doses in radiotherapy remain a serious concern. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is currently one of the most accurate methods for calculating these doses. MC simulation model based on the Particle Simulation Tool (TOPAS) has been developed to simulate the off-field dose of an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator (Linac) emitting 6 MV photons. Measurements were taken in a water phantom using an ionization chamber to validate this model. The Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) at the depth of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 cm from the beam axis for a 10 × 10 cm2 field size was measured and simulated. Off-field dose profiles at the depth of 1.5 (dmax), 5.0 and 10.0 cm for field sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, and 20 × 20 cm2 respectively were measured and simulated. Comparison of measured and simulated off-field dose values showed a good agreement. The average gamma passing rate of the PDDs and profiles curves for off-field doses were 87.5% and 98.11% respectively. The local dose difference based on the PDD curve between the measured and simulated was less than 6.0 % for all locations. For all field size considered in this study, the average difference between profile curves for off-field dose measured and simulated was 9.1%. PDDs and Profiles curves for off-field dose simulation uncertainties were less than 2.0% and 1.0% respectively. TOPAS-MC simulation model developed is a good representation of our 6 MV Linac Elekta Synergy for assessing off-field dose, which would be the primary cause of some secondary cancers.

关键词： Radiotherapy Off-Field Dose Secondary Cancer TOPAS-MC Simulation Dosimetry

Storylines of family medicine Ⅶ: family medicine across the lifespan

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 61-69页

作者： william B Ventres Leslie A Stone katharine C Barnard Sara G Shields Mark J Nelson Maria Verónica Svetaz Clara M keegan joel J Heidelbaugh Paige B Beck Lucille Marchand Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family Medicine and Community Health UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA John Peter Smith Hospital Family Medicine Residency Fort WorthTexasUSA Family and Community Medicine Hennepin HealthcareMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA Family Medicine University of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA Family Medicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅶ:family medicine across the lifespan’,authors address the following themes:‘Family medicine maternity care’,‘Seeing children as patients brings joy to work’,‘Family medicine and the care of adolescents’,‘Reproductive healthcare across the lifespan’,‘Men’s health’,‘Care of older adults’,and‘Being with dying’.May readers appreciate the range of family medicine in these essays.

关键词： life illustration family

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在时尚产业探索循环经济

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第1期 27-28页

作者： joel Millman 王湛(译) 不详

在萨尔瓦多首都圣萨尔瓦多上空若隐若现的火山阴影下,一座巨大的仓库里正在奏响工业化的旋律:机器正将成捆的织物废料粉碎成棉花和聚酯纤维。这些纤维随后被转移到第二条生产线,羽毛状的绒毛随即被纺成纱线线轴。它们很快会被编织成各... 详细信息

在萨尔瓦多首都圣萨尔瓦多上空若隐若现的火山阴影下,一座巨大的仓库里正在奏响工业化的旋律:机器正将成捆的织物废料粉碎成棉花和聚酯纤维。这些纤维随后被转移到第二条生产线,羽毛状的绒毛随即被纺成纱线线轴。它们很快会被编织成各种颜色的面料,用于制作T恤、睡衣、连帽衫等,最终销往美国的商店。可以肯定的是,其中一些服装最终会返回同一工厂,再次被粉碎和重新编织。

关键词：时尚产业聚酯纤维 T恤羽毛状睡衣服装粉碎工业化

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2024年值得关注的5种ETF

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第2期 21-22页

作者： joel weber 竹西(译) 不详

彭博行业研究(BI)高级分析师埃里克·巴尔丘纳斯(Eric Balchunas)带领其交易所交易基金(ETF)研究团队,对他们精选而出的全球24只基金再度精选,最终的名单缩减到下面几只。更多信息请收听彭博的Trillions播客。

关键词：埃里克分析师值得关注研究团队彭博

乔尔·迈耶罗维茨唯一拍摄“9·11事件”的摄影师

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旅游世界 2024年第9期 40-53页

作者：崔霁云 joel Meyerowitz(摄影) 不详

乔尔·迈耶罗维茨,是一位美国街头、肖像和风景摄影师。1962年,他开始从事彩色摄影,在彩色摄影遭到抵制的早期,坚持提倡使用彩色摄影。他的作品多收藏于国际摄影中心(ICP)、现代艺术博物馆(MoMA)和芝加哥当代摄影博物馆。

关键词：现代艺术博物馆当代摄影彩色摄影迈耶国际摄影摄影师维茨肖像