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使用气象预测和观察资料评估预测结果在确定热浪和估计热浪对死亡率影响的能力

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环境与职业医学 2015年第1期32卷 89-89页

作者： Kai Zhang Yeh-Hsin Chen joel d.schwartz Richard B. Rood Marie S.O'Neill

[背景]热浪与健康预警系统的激活是基于对健康具有危害性的高温天气的预报。[目的]根据在密歇根州底特律市预测和观察到的气象数据,评估高温与死亡率之间的关联;并比较预报结果在预测热浪中的准确性。[方法]从天气观测和6个不同的预报... 详细信息

[背景]热浪与健康预警系统的激活是基于对健康具有危害性的高温天气的预报。[目的]根据在密歇根州底特律市预测和观察到的气象数据,评估高温与死亡率之间的关联;并比较预报结果在预测热浪中的准确性。[方法]从天气观测和6个不同的预报结果中得出表观温度（AT）和热浪天数（热浪的定义为：日平均AT≥温暖季节平均温度的第95百分位、并持续≥2 d）,并对这些数据进行比较。使用泊松回归分析,调整或不调整臭氧和/或PM1（0颗粒物的空气动力学直径≤10μm）,来估计并比较每天全因死亡率与观测所得以及预测所得的AT和热浪天数之间的关联。[结果]1 d前的局部观测结果,即经修正的数字预测,与所有其他的预测相比较,误报的数量约占一半。平均而言,在控制了热浪因素后,与AT=8.5℃的日子相比,观察到AT=25.3℃的日子与3.5%较高的死亡率相关联（95%CI：-1.6%~8.8%）。与非热浪日相比,观察到的热浪日均与6.2%较高的死亡率相关联（95%CI：-0.4%~13.2%）。相对于根据观测指标所得的关联,预测的准确性存在变化,但死亡率与预测高温之间的关联通常倾向于高估高温的影响,而与预测热浪的关联则倾向于低估热浪的影响。[结论]上述研究结果表明,结合局部地区的信息可以提高热浪和健康预警系统预测的准确性。

关键词：全因死亡率系统预测资料评估高温天气观测指标能力气象健康预警

Entangled photons enabled ultrafast stimulated Raman spectroscopy for molecular dynamics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1615-1622页

作者： Jiahao joel Fan Zhe-Yu Ou Zhedong Zhang department of Physics City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdongChina

Quantum entanglement has emerged as a great resource for studying the interactions between molecules and *** propose a new scheme of stimulated Raman scattering with entangled photons.A quantum ultrafast Raman spectroscopy is developed for condensed-phase molecules,to monitor the exciton populations and *** results are obtained,showing an entanglement-enabled time-frequency scale not attainable by classical *** Raman signal presents an unprecedented selectivity of molecular correlation functions,as a result of the Hong-Ou-Mandel *** work suggests a new paradigm of using an unconventional interferometer as part of spectroscopy,with the potential to unveil advanced information about complex materials.

关键词： materials spectroscopy selectivity

Gastroesophageal reflux following per-oral endoscopic myotomy:Can we improve outcomes?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第22期30卷 2834-2838页

作者： Inian Samarasam Raj Kumar joel Anna B Pulimood department of Surgery Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery UnitChristian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004TamilnaduIndia department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Christian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004TamilnaduIndia department of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College and HospitalVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia

This editorial is an analysis the review article by Nabi et al recently published in this *** Cardia is a disease whose pathophysiology is still *** is known that there is inflammation of unknown aetiology leading to loss of ganglion cells in the muscularis *** end result is lower oesophageal sphincter spasm,loss of receptive relaxation,decreased oesophageal peristalsis,all leading on to varying degrees of *** treatment of this condition is palliative in nature,performed by myotomy of the lower oesophagus either surgically or *** reflux disease(GERd)has been associated with the myotomy performed,particularly with the Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy(POEM)*** et al have provided an excellent overview of the latest developments in predicting,preventing,evaluating,and managing GERd subsequent to *** on this theme,this review article explores the concept of using histology of the oesophageal muscle layer,to grade the disease and thereby help tailoring the length/type of myotomy performed during the POEM *** the future,will a histology based algorithm available preoperatively,help modify the POEM procedure,thereby decreasing the incidence of GERd associated with POEM?

关键词： Achalasia cardia Peroral endoscopic myotomy Laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy Histopathology Histologic grading

Experimental and numerical investigation to elucidate the fluid flow through packed beds with structured particle packings

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 218-237页

作者： Shirin Patil Christian Gorges joel Lòpez Bonilla Moritz Stelter Frank Beyrau Berend van Wachem Laboratory of Technical Thermodynamics Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106 MagdeburgGermany Chair of Mechanical Process Engineering Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106 MagdeburgGermany

The present paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the dispersion of the gaseous jet flow and co-flow for the simple unit cell(SUC)and body-centred cubic(BCC)configuration of particles in packed *** experimental setup is built in such a way that suitable and simplified boundary conditions are imposed for the corresponding numerical framework,so the simulations can be done under very similar conditions as the ***,a porous plate is used for the co-flow to achieve the uniform velocity and the fully developed flow is ensured for the jet *** SUC and BCC particle beds consist of 3d-printed spheres,and the non-isotropy near the walls is mostly eliminated by placing half-spheres at the channel *** flow velocities are analysed directly at the exit of the particle bed for both beds over 36 pores for the SUC configuration and 60 pores for the BCC configuration,for particle Reynolds numbers of 200,300,and *** particle image velocimetry is experimentally arranged in such a way that the velocities over the entire region at the exit of the packed bed are obtained *** numerical method consists of a state-of-the-art immersed boundary method with adaptive mesh *** paper presents the pore jet structure and velocity field exiting from each pore for the SUC and BCC packed particle *** numerical and experimental studies show a good agreement for the SUC configuration for all flow *** the BCC configuration,some differences can be observed in the pore jet flow structure between the simulations and the experiments,but the general flow velocity distribution shows a good overall *** axial velocity is generally higher for the pores located near the centre of the packed bed than for the pores near the *** addition,the axial velocities are observed to increase near the peripheral pores of the packed *** behaviour is predominant for the BCC configuration as compared to t

关键词： Uniform particle packing Packed bed reactor Stereo particle image velocimetry Immersed boundary method

Quantum-mechanical effects in photoluminescence from thin crystalline gold films

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 783-794页

作者： Alan R.Bowman Alvaro Rodríguez Echarri Fatemeh Kiani Fadil Iyikanat Ted V.Tsoulos joel d.Cox Ravishankar Sundararaman F.Javier García de Abajo Giulia Tagliabue Laboratory of Nanoscience for Energy Technologies(LNET) STIÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels(Barcelona)Spain. MBI–Max-Born-Institut BerlinGermany. POLIMA–Center for Polariton-driven Light–Matter Interactions University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. department of Materials Science&Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. department of Physics Applied Physicsand AstronomyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. ICREA–Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats BarcelonaSpain

Luminescence constitutes a unique source of insight into hot carrier processes in metals,including those in plasmonic nanostructures used for sensing and energy ***,being weak in nature,metal luminescence remains poorly understood,its microscopic origin strongly debated,and its potential for unraveling nanoscale carrier dynamics largely ***,we reveal quantum-mechanical effects in the luminescence emanating from thin monocrystalline gold ***,we present experimental evidence,supported by first-principles simulations,to demonstrate its photoluminescence origin(i.e.,radiative emission from electron/hole recombination)when exciting in the interband *** model allows us to identify changes to the measured gold luminescence due to quantum-mechanical effects as the gold film thickness is ***,such effects are observable in the luminescence signal from flakes up to 40 nm in thickness,associated with the out-of-plane discreteness of the electronic band structure near the Fermi *** qualitatively reproduce the observations with first-principles modeling,thus establishing a unified description of luminescence in gold monocrystalline flakes and enabling its widespread application as a probe of carrier dynamics and light-matter interactions in this *** study paves the way for future explorations of hot carriers and charge-transfer dynamics in a multitude of material systems.

关键词： luminescence quantum crystalline

Shifting the paradigm:A critical review of social innovation literature

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第1期8卷 45-58页

作者： Amy Phillips Rosalie Luo joel Wendland-Liu Social Innovation Program Grand Valley State UniversityGrand Rapids49504USA Ivey School of Business Western UniversityPLondonN6A 0E1Canada Social Innovation Program Grand Valley State UniversityAllendale49401USA

In this review of ten years of social innovation research(2012e2022),we define and explore three paradigms in the field:instrumentalist,strong,and *** investigate how language usage and geography play a central role in identifying which paradigms recently published scholarship falls *** we do not insist that sharp divisions exist between each paradigm,we do find that on the“instrumentalist”side,language tends to abstract or neutralize power ***,these perspectives tend to derive from Western or Eurocentric orientations or ***“strong”paradigm accepts the necessity of institutional and stakeholder engagement and seeks to engage socially excluded *** contrast,geographical diversity,attendance to historicized and systemic inequalities,and elevation of the most marginalized communities are more likely to be centered in the“democratic”*** apply this discussion to recent research in arts-related social innovation and the related field of social entrepreneurship.

关键词： Social innovation Culture Arts Social entrepreneurship Ethnocentrism

Everything is Primitive Accumulation?

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第2期17卷 337-360页

作者： david S.Pena joel Wendland-Liu Palm Beach State College Palm Beach GardensFLUSA Grand Valley State University AllendaleMIUSA

This paper explores the Marxist concept of primitive accumulation and its relationship to capitalist development. Primitive accumulation occurs as a historical process before the complete emergence of capitalism as the dominant mode of production. Primitive accumulation is distinguished from other forms of exploitation employed by capitalist societies to spread capitalism into non-capitalist regions. An exploration of different interpretations of primitive accumulation within Marxist theory highlights the transition from primary accumulation to capitalist accumulation in specific contexts. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted nature of primitive accumulation and its significance in the development of capitalism. It argues that many uses of primitive accumulation in the present context are erroneous.

关键词： Marxism Primitive accumulation Origins of capitalism Political economy

Size and crystallinity effect on the ultrafast optical response of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第3期10卷 594-600页

作者： Nadzeya Khinevich domantas Peckus Asta Tamuleviciene Gerda Klimaite joel Henzie Tomas Tamulevicius Sigitas Tamulevicius Institute of Materials Science of Kaunas University of Technology K.Barsausko St.59LT-51423KaunasLithuania department of Physics Kaunas University of TechnologyStudentu˛St.50LT-51368KaunasLithuania International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics(WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)Tsukuba305-0044Japan

The excited localized surface plasmon(LSP)in metallic nanoparticles is known to relax through several processes such as electron-electron scattering,electron-phonon coupling,and phonon-phonon *** the current research,the ultrafast electron-phonon(e-ph)coupling relaxation processes for different average sizes and crystallinity of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles were evaluated utilizing transient absorption *** nanoparticle size and crystallinity of similar linear dimension polycrystalline spherical and monocrystalline cubic nanoparticles ranging from ca.30-60 nm was related to their electron relaxation time constants and revealed very different *** the monocrystalline nanocubes,the electron-phonon coupling was not dependent on the cube edge length,while for the polycrystalline nanospheres,it was linearly decreasing with *** demonstrate that the e-ph coupling time constant could be used to evaluate crystallinity and crystallite size in plasmonic metal nanoparticles when the size(surface area)of the nanoparticle is known.

关键词： Silver nanospheres Silver nanocubes Electron-phonon coupling Transient absorption spectroscopy Crystallite size Polycrystalline structure

空气污染暴露与妊娠期糖耐量异常:Viva队列项目

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环境与职业医学 2014年第7期31卷 533-533页

作者： Abby F.Fleisch diane R.Gold Sheryl L.Rifas-Shiman Petros Koutrakis joel d.schwartz Itai Kloog Steven Melly Brent A.Coull Antonella Zanobetti Matthew W.Gillman Emily Oken

[背景]已知细颗粒物（PM直径≤2．5μm，PM2.5）暴露与2型糖尿病相关，但是PM2.5与妊娠期高血糖的相关性尚未进行充分的研究。[方法]对马萨诸塞州波士顿地区没有糖尿病史的孕妇进行研究。在妊娠期中位数28．1周时，通过临床葡萄糖耐量... 详细信息

[背景]已知细颗粒物（PM直径≤2．5μm，PM2.5）暴露与2型糖尿病相关，但是PM2.5与妊娠期高血糖的相关性尚未进行充分的研究。[方法]对马萨诸塞州波士顿地区没有糖尿病史的孕妇进行研究。在妊娠期中位数28．1周时，通过临床葡萄糖耐量试验，确定妊娠期糖耐量减低（IGT）和妊娠期糖尿病（GdM）。通过中央监测地点和时空模型，使用住宅地址估计妊娠中期的PM2.5和炭黑暴露。估计住宅区交通密度和道路距离，作为交通源空气污染暴露的替代指标。进行多因素logistic回归分析，以社会人Iz／学协变量进行调整，并采用多重填补法解释丢失的数据。[结果]2093名妇女中，65名（3％）存在IGT，118名（6％）患有GdM。妊娠中期时空暴露范围为：PM2.5，8．5～15．9μm／m^3；炭黑，0．1-1．7μm／m^3。在100m范围内，交通密度为0—30860辆／日×道路长度（km）；281名（13％）妇女住宅距离主要道路≤200m。与最低四分位数相比，暴露于时空PM2.5和交通密度的最高四分位数的IGT患病率升高，分别为比值比（OR）=2．63，95％CI：1．15～6．01以及OR=2．66，95％CI：1．24—5．71。IGT也与其他暴露指标呈正相关，尽管这些关联没有统计学意义。无污染物暴露与GdM呈正相关。[结论]妊娠期PM2.5和其他交通源污染物暴露越高与IGT相关，与GdM不相关。空气污染可能导致妊娠期血糖异常。

关键词：妊娠期糖耐量异常空气污染妊娠期糖耐量减低葡萄糖耐量试验队列妊娠期糖尿病 2型糖尿病 PM2 5