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Changes in feeding selectivity of freshwater invertebrates across a natural thermal gradient

Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 231-242页

作者： Timothy A. C. GORDON joana neto-cerejeira Paula C. FUREY Eoin J. O'GORMAN Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK Biosciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Stocker Road Exeter EX4 4QD UK Department of Biology Saint Catherine University St Paul MN 55105 USA

Environmental warming places physiological constraints on organisms, which may be mitigated by their feeding behavior. Theory predicts that consumers should increase their feeding selectivity for more energetically valuable resources in warmer environments to offset the disproportionate increase in metabolic demand relative to ingestion rate. This may also result in a change in feeding strategy or a shift towards a more specialist diet. This study used a natural warming experiment to investigate temperature effects on the feeding selectivity of three freshwater invertebrate grazers： the snail Radix balthica, the blackfly larva Simulium aureum, and the midgefly larva Eukiefferiella minor. Chesson＇s Selectivity Index was used to compare the proportional abundance of diatom species in the guts of each invertebrate species with corresponding rock biofilms sampled from streams of different tem- perature. The snails became more selective in warmer streams, choosing high profile epilithic diatoms over other guilds and feeding on a lower diversity of diatom species. The blackfly larvae appeared to switch from active collector gathering of sessile high profile diatoms to more passive filter feeding of motile diatoms in warmer streams. No changes in selectivity were observed for the midgefly larvae, whose diet was representative of resource availability in the environment. These results suggest that key primary consumers in freshwater streams, which constitute a major portion of invertebrate biomass, can change their feeding behavior in warmer waters in a range of different ways. These patterns could potentially lead to fundamental changes in the flow of energy through freshwater food webs.

关键词： climate change global warming diet Lymnaea peregra Simuliidae Chironomidae

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Predicting the aquatic risk of realistic pesticide mixtures to species assemblages in Portuguese river basins

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 12-20页

作者： Emília Silva Michiel A.Daam Maria José cerejeira Centro de Engenharia dos Biossistemas (CEER) Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA) University of Lisbon (UL) Tapada da Ajuda1349-017 Lisbon Portugal

Although pesticide regulatory tools are mainly based on individual substances, aquatic ecosystems are usually exposed to multiple pesticides from their use on the variety of crops within the catchment of a river. This study estimated the impact of measured pesticide mixtures in surface waters from 2002 and 2008 within three important Portuguese river basins（＇Mondego＇, ＇Sado＇ and ＇Tejo＇） on primary producers, arthropods and fish by toxic pressure calculation. Species sensitivity distributions（SSDs）, in combination with mixture toxicity models, were applied. Considering the differences in the responses of the taxonomic groups as well as in the pesticide exposures that these organisms experience, variable acute multi-substance potentially affected fractions（ms PAFs） were obtained. The median msP AF for primary producers and arthropods in surface waters of all river basins exceeded 5%, the cut-off value used in the prospective SSD approach for deriving individual environmental quality standards. A ranking procedure identified various photosystem II inhibiting herbicides, with oxadiazon having the relatively largest toxic effects on primary producers, while the organophosphorus insecticides, chlorfenvinphos and chlorpyrifos, and the organochloride endosulfan had the largest effects on arthropods and fish, respectively. These results ensure compliance with European legislation with regard to ecological risk assessment and management of pesticides in surface waters.

关键词： Pesticides Mixtures Risk assessment Multi-substance potentially affected fraction Surface waters

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葡萄牙直接防控松材线虫的措施(英文)

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） 2011年第2期35卷 146-147页

作者： Trindade M cerejeira M J Instituto Superior de Agronomia SAPI Tapada da Ajuda 1349 -017 Lisboa Portugal

由松材线虫引发的松萎蔫病在葡萄牙发生于1999年,此后防治该病的措施主要是热处理、用溴甲烷熏蒸、砍伐和焚烧感病树木。最近发布了一系列的官方文件,以确保这些措施对松木、包装木和其他松木材料的处理效果,且已经有公司注册按照文件... 详细信息

由松材线虫引发的松萎蔫病在葡萄牙发生于1999年,此后防治该病的措施主要是热处理、用溴甲烷熏蒸、砍伐和焚烧感病树木。最近发布了一系列的官方文件,以确保这些措施对松木、包装木和其他松木材料的处理效果,且已经有公司注册按照文件要求进行处理。最近欧盟对这些防治措施和药剂进行评价,主要考查它们对人类健康和环境的影响,所得结果是原来市场上流通的1 219种药剂产品中仅有340种获得批准在欧盟市场上流通。其中溴甲烷被标记为"高度危险",仅能用于检疫和运输前对木材或木制品的处理;硫酰氟被标记为"暂时未定",可以暂时替代溴甲烷;阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸和美贝霉素被认为是有效防治松材线虫病的药物,允许用于树干注射;阿维菌素和美贝霉素已经被批准使用,而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸则被标记为"暂时未定",可以限时使用。

关键词：松萎蔫病松材线虫欧盟阿维菌素美贝霉素

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