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Roadmap for Managing SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses in the Water Environment for Public Health

Engineering 2022年第5期8卷 139-144页

作者： Gang Liu Jiuhui Qu joan rose Gertjan Medema Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Centre for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823USA KWR Water Research Institute Nieuwegein 3433 PENetherlands Sanitary Engineering Department of Water ManagementFaculty of Civil Engineering and GeosciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CNNetherlands

The water sector needs to address viral-related public health issues,because water is a virus carrier,which not only spreads viruses(e.g.,via drinking water),but also provides information about the circu-lation of viruses in the community(e.g.,via sewage).It has been widely reported that waterborne viral pathogens are abundant,diverse,complex,and threatening the public health in both developed and developing ***,there is great potential for viral monitoring that can indicate biosafety,treatment performance and community *** developments in technology have been rising to meet the emerging challenges over the past *** the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the world’s attention is directed to the urgent need to tackle the most challenging public health issues related to waterborne *** on critical analysis of the water viral knowledge progresses and gaps,this article offers a roadmap for managing COVID-19 and other viruses in the water environments for ensur-ing public health.

关键词： Virus Water environment Viral indicators Sewage surveillance Biosafety

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rose Hip Powder That Contains the Natural Amount of Shells and Seeds Alleviates Pain in Osteoarthritis of the Dominant Hand—A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2013年第3期3卷 172-180页

作者： Kaj Winther joan Campbell-Tofte Peter Hansen Department of Clinical Biochemistry Coordinating Research Unit Frederiksberg University Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark.

Aim: A standardized preparation of seeds and shells of selected sub-species of Rosa canina L, trade name Hyben Vital, reduces discomfort from osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. This study aims to investigate the impact of the same rose-hip powder (RHP) on discomfort and the consumption of rescue medication, in patients with osteoarthritis of the hand. Methods: The double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial included 30 patients with osteoarthritis of the dominant hand. Patients were randomly allocated to treatment with either five gram encapsulated RHP or placebo, for three months (Phase 1), after which they switched to the corresponding treatment for a further three months period (Phase 2). Before entering the study, after 3 weeks and following three months of each of the study phases, scores for pain, stiffness and general feeling of discomfort were evaluated using a 10 step categorical scale, focusing on 16 different daily activities of the hand. The consumption of rescue medication was also calculated at the beginning and at the end of each study phase. Data are based on the intention to treat. Results: At the end of Phase 1, 90% of patients in the group receiving RHP first (group A), showed a reduction in pain, as compared to 36% in the group B initially given placebo (p 0.029). In line with this observation, stiffness and the general feeling of discomfort from the disease declined during RHP treatment (p 0.032). In group A, symptom reduction was still indicated by the study subjects 3 weeks after the switch to placebo. The consumption of rescue medication such as paracetamol, codeine and tramadol also declined significantly in group A when compared to group B (p 0.013). Conclusion: The present data suggest that administration of RHP, containing seeds and shells can reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hand and consumption of rescue medication.

关键词： Clinical Studies of Osteoarthritis Musculoskeletal and Joint Diseases Chronic Pain and Discomfort Rosa canina rose Hip Hand Osteoarthritis Traditional Medicine Herbal Remedies

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Endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Are Useful for Selecting Candidates for Biopsy among Patients with Persistently Elevated Prostate Specific Antigen

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Open Journal of Urology 2012年第3期2卷 198-205页

作者： Josep Comet-Batlle Carles Barceló-Vidal joan Carles Vilanova-Busquets Roger Boix-Orri Albert Maroto-Genover joan Areal-Calama Margarita Osorio-Fernandez Ferran Perez-Bueno Nuria Fuertes-Izquierdo Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics University of Girona Catalonia Spain Pathology Department Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta Catalonia Spain Radiology Department Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta Catalonia Spain Ressonància Girona Catalonia Spain Urology Department Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta Catalonia Spain Urology Department Hospital Trias Pujol Catalonia Spain

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spetroscopic Imaging (MRSI) combined with total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) in selecting candidates for biopsy. Subjects and Methods: 246 patients with elevated tPSA (median: 7.81 ng/ml) underwent endorectal MRI and MRSI before Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy (10 peripheral + 2 central cores);patients with positive biopsies were treated with radical intention;those with negative biopsies were followed up and underwent MRSI before each additional biopsy if tPSA rose persistently. Mean follow-up: 27.6 months. We compared MRI, MRSI, tPSA, and fPSA with histopathology by sextant and determined the association between the Gleason score and MRI and MRSI. We determined the most accurate combination to detect prostate cancer (PCa) using receiver operating curves;we estimated the odds ratios (OR) and calculated sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Results: No difference in tPSA was found between patients with and without PCa (p = 0.551). In the peripheral zone, the risk of PCa increased with MRSI grade;patients with high-grade MRSI had the greatest risk of PCa over time (OR = 328.6);the model including MRI, MRSI, tPSA, and fPSA was more accurate (Area under Curve: AUC = 95.7%) than MRI alone (AUC = 85.1%) or fPSA alone (AUC = 78.1%), but not than MRSI alone (94.5%). In the transitional zone, the model was less accurate (AUC = 84.4%). The association (p = 0.005) between MRSI and Gleason score was significant in both zones. Conclusions: MRSI is useful in patients with elevated tPSA. High-grade MRSI lesions call for repeated biopsies. Men with negative MRSI may forgo further biopsies because a significantly high Gleason lesion is very unlikely.

关键词： Endorectal MRI Spectroscopy Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Free to Total PSA Ratio (F/T PSA)

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