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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato joão B.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua jo jonggeol Na J.Jay Liu Young-Ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of Chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDo） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDo from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LCAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDSCHARDoLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg Co2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Carbon capture and utilization

Biotechnology of the multipurpose tree species Arbutus unedo:a review

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journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 377-390页

作者： joão Martins Glória pinto jorge Canhoto Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies Department of BiologyUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal

Arbutus unedo L.(strawberry tree,Ericaceae)is a woody species with a circum-Mediterranean *** has considerable ecological relevance in southern European forests due to its resilience to abiotic and biotic *** edible red berries are used in the production of traditional products,including an expensive *** compounds extracted from the species have bioactive prop-erties used by the cosmetic and pharmaceutical *** strawberry tree has gone from a neglected species to become a highly valuable crop with large cultivated areas in southern European and North African *** to an increasing demand from farmers for plants with improved features,researchers have been trying to improve this spe-cies through conventional and biotechnological tools,focus-ing mainly on population analysis using molecular markers,in vitro cloning,tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses,and intraspecific crosses to obtain genotypes with new *** objective of this review is to gather and update information about the species and make it available to researchers and *** research areas that are considered a priority for this species are highlighted.

关键词： Breeding Chemical profiling Ericaceae Microbiome Micropropagation

Acute diverticulitis in younger patients:Any rationale for a different approach?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第2期17卷 207-212页

作者： Gil R Faria Ana B Almeida Herculano moreira joo pinto-de-Sousa Pedro Correia-da-Silva Amadeu P Pimenta Department of General Surgery Hospital de So Joo Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto-IPATIMUP-Rua Dr.Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 PortoPortugalPortoPortugal Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto-IPATIMUP-Rua Dr.Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 PortoPortugal

AIM:To compare the natural history and course of acute diverticulitis in a younger age group with an older population and to evaluate whether younger patients should be managed differently. METHoDS:This study was a retrospective review of 157 patients treated with acute diverticulitis between January 1,2004 and December 31,*** was stratified according to the Hinchey classification. Patients were divided into 2 populations:group A≤ 50 years(n=31) ;group B>50 years(n=126) .Mean patient follow-up was 15 mo. RESULTS:The median age was 60 years.A significantly higher proportion of patients in group B presented with complicated diverticulitis(36.5%vs 12.9%,P=0.01) .Recurrence was more frequent in group A(25.8%vs 11.1%,P=0.03) and the mean time-torecurrence was shorter(12 mo vs 28 mo,P=0.26) . The most severe recurrent episodes of acute diverticulitis were classified as Hinchey stageⅠand none of the patients required emergency *** multivariate analysis,only age(P=0.024) was identified as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence. CoNCLUSIoN:Based on the results of this study,we recommend that diverticulitis management should be based on the severity of the disease and not on the age of the patient.

关键词： Acute diverticulitis Recurrence Age factors Severity Surgical treatment

Efficacy of acupuncture on cancer pain:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期22卷 235-244页

作者： Miguel Faria Mónica Teixeira Maria joão pinto Paulo Sargento Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde Instituto Politécnico da Lusofonia1950-396 LisboaPortugal Clínica São joão de Deus 1700-048 LisboaPortugal REQUIMTE/LAQV(Rede de Química e Tecnologia/Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde) Instituto Superior de EngenhariaInstituto Politécnico do Porto4051-401 PortoPortugal Hospital SoERAD 2560-312 Torres VedrasPortugal Centro de Estudos Avançados em Direito“Francisco Suarez ”1749-024 LisboaPortugal

Background:Pain associated with cancer is one of the greatest causes of reduced quality of life in *** is one of the treatments used to address this issue,with the great advantage of having little or no side effects,especially when compared with pharmacological ***:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the current evidence regarding the efficacy of acupuncture for cancer *** strategy:Six electronic databases(PubMed,EBSCo,Cochrane Library,Scielo,b-on and Scopus)were searched for relevant articles about pain relief in cancer patients from their beginning until 2022using MeSH terms such as“acupuncture,”“electroacupuncture,”“ear acupuncture,”“acupuncture analgesia,”“oncological pain,”and“cancer pain.”Inclusion criteria:Studies included were randomized controlled trials(RCTs)where acupuncture was compared with no treatment,placebo acupuncture or usual *** extraction and analysis:Three independent reviewers participated in data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias,and a meta-analysis was *** primary outcome was pain intensity,measured with the visual analog scale,numeric rating scale,or brief pain *** outcomes also assessed were quality of life,functionality,xerostomia,pain interference,and analgesic *** were expressed as standardized mean difference(SMD)with 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:Sixteen RCTs with a total of 1124 participants were included in the meta-analysis,with the majority of the studies presenting a low or unclear risk of *** was more effective in reducing pain than no treatment(SMD=–0.90,95%CI[–1.68,–0.12]),sham acupuncture(SMD=–1.10,95%CI[–1.59,–0.61])or usual care(SMD=–1.16,95%CI[–1.38,–0.93]).Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that acupuncture may be an effective intervention to reduce pain associated with *** some limitations due to the low quality and small sample size of some included st

关键词： Acupuncture Cancer pain Meta-analysis Systematic review

A Vulnerability Assessment Framework for Cultural Heritage Sites:The Case of the Roman Ruins of Tróia

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第1期14卷 26-40页

作者： Marvin Ravan Maria joão Revez Inês Vaz pinto Patrícia Brum joern Birkmann Institute of Spatial and Regional Planning(IREUS) University of Stuttgart70569StuttgartGermany Nova Conservação S.A1200-872LisbonPortugal Troia Resort 7570-789CarvalhalGDLPortugal

This article contributes to developing an indicator-based vulnerability assessment framework for cultural heritage *** provides a vulnerability index for heritage sites potentially exposed to multiple hazards,including sudden-onset and slow-onset hazards,while considering climate change *** determining particular criteria and indicators,the Cultural Heritage Vulnerability Index incorporates structural and non-structural factors of the heritage site and its local and national *** assessment procedure was applied to the case of the Roman Ruins of Tróia in *** findings highlight those areas of sensitivity(e.g.,the existing deterioration patterns and types of foundation)and coping and adaptive capacities(e.g.,institutional setting and response plan)that significantly contribute to the level of vulnerability and *** results of vulnerability assessment will further enable determining priorities and developing risk mitigation and preparedness measures,in particular reducing structural sensitivity and promoting coping capacities.

关键词： Climate change Coping capacity Cultural heritage Risk assessment Roman Ruins of Tróia Vulnerability assessment

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Needle knife fstulotomy in flat and diverticular papillae:Is it time for redemption?

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第2期21卷 175-181页

作者： joão Fernandes jorge Canena Marta moreira Gonçalo Alexandrino Luísa Figueiredo Tarcísio Araújo Luís Lourenço David Horta Luís Lopes Department of Gastroenterology Santa Luzia Hospital-Unidade Local de Saúde Alto MinhoViana do CasteloPortugal Department of Gastroenterology Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca HospitalAmadoraPortugal Department of Gastroenterology Nova Medical School/Faculty of Medical SciencesLisbonPortugal University Center of Gastrenterology-Hospital Cuf Tejo LisbonPortugal Life and Health Sciences Research Institute(ICVS) School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

Background: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy( ESGE) recommends needle-knife fstulotomy(NKF) as the preferred precut technique in cases when standard cannulation techniques fail. Despite scarce scientifc evidence, flat and diverticular papillae are thought not to be ideal for NKF, as they are associated with poor outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the outcomes of the use of NKF in relation to flat and intradiverticular papillae. Methods: This prospective multicenter study enrolled consecutive patients, evidencing na?ve flat(group A, n = 49) or diverticular papilla(group B, n = 28), who underwent NKF after failure of standard cannulation techniques. Diverticular morphology was subdivided into intradiverticular(group B1, n = 14) and diverticular border papillae(group B2, n = 14), using a previously validated endoscopic classifcation of the major papilla. The success of biliary cannulation at initial endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP), overall biliary cannulation, overall cannulation time, and the rate of adverse events were assessed in the study. Results: The initial cannulation rates were 93.9%, 64.3% and 71.4% for group A, B1, and B2, respectively( P = 0.005);overall cannulation rates after a second ERCP were 98.0%, 92.9% and 85.7%, respectively( P = 0.134). Adverse events occurred in 11.7% of patients, with post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP) being the most common adverse event(10.4%). Although there was a trend towards a higher incidence of PEP in flat papillae, univariate and multivariate analyses did not show any signifcant relationship between pancreatitis and trainee involvement, papillary morphology, nor overall cannulation time. Conclusions: Although flat papillae are associated with high success rates of biliary cannulation using NKF, the rate of PEP is not negligible. NKF is feasible in diverticular papillae, but it is associated with a modest success rate in the initial ERCP.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Needle-knife fstulotomy Small papilla Diverticular papilla Complications

PillCam CoLoN 2~ in Crohn's disease:A new concept of pan-enteric mucosal healing assessment

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第23期21卷 7233-7241页

作者： Pedro Boal Carvalho Bruno Rosa Francisca Dias de Castro Maria joo moreira josé Cotter Life and Health Sciences Research Institute School of Health Sciences University of Minho ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory Gastroenterology Department Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave

AIM: To evaluate mucosal healing in patients with small bowel plus colonic Crohn's disease(CD) with a single non-invasive examination, by using PillCam CoLoN 2.(PCC2).METHoDS: Patients with non-stricturing nonpenetrating small bowel plus colonic CD in sustained corticosteroid-free remission were included. At diagnosis,patients had undergone ileocolonoscopy to identify active CD lesions, such as ulcers and erosions, and small bowel capsule endoscopy to assess the Lewis Score(LS). After ≥ 1 year of follow-up, patients underwent entire gastrointestinal tract evaluation with PCC2. The primary endpoint was assessment of CD mucosal healing, defined as no active colonic CD lesions and LS ollow-up was 38 *** majority of patients(83.3%) received immunosuppressive therapy. Three patients(25%) achieved mucosal healing in both the small bowel and the colon,while disease activity was limited to either the small bowel or the colon in 5 patients(42%). It was possible to observe the entire gastrointestinal tract in 10 of the12 patients(83%) who underwent ***: only three patients in sustainedcorticosteroid-free clinical remission achieved mucosal healing in both the small bowel and the colon, highlighting the limitations of clinical assessment when stratifying disease activity, and the need for pan-enteric endoscopy to guide therapeutic modification.

关键词： Crohn's disease Mucosal healing Capsuleendoscopy Small bowel diseases Inflammatory boweldisease