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Effect of lime on speciation of heavy metals during composting of water hyacinth

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 93-102页

作者： jiwan sINGH Ajay s. KALAMDHAD Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG) Guwahati-781039 Assam India

Composting is attractive and inexpensive method for treatment and biomass disposal of water hyacinth. However, the major disadvantage of water hyacinth composting is the high content of heavy metals in the final compost. Addition of lime sludge significantly reduced most bioavailable fractions （exchangeable and carbonate） of heavy metals. studies were carried on composting of water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes） with cattle manure and sawdust （6：3：1 ratio） and effects of addition of lime （1%, 2% and 3%） on heavy metal speciation were evaluated during 30 days of composting period. The Tessier sequential extraction method was employed to investigate the changes in speciation of heavy metals such as Zinc （Zn）, Copper （Cu）, Manganese （Mn）, Iron （Fe）, Lead （Pb）, Nickel （Ni）, Cadmium （Cd） and Chromium （Cr） during water hyacinth composting. Effects of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH and organic matter on speciation of heavy metals were also studied during the process. Results showed that, the total metal content was increased during the composting process. The higher reduction in bioavailability factor （BF） of Cu, Fe, Ni, Cd and Cr was observed in lime 2 treatment about 62.1%, 64.4%, 71.9%, 62.1% and 58.9% respectively; however higher reduction in BF of Zn and Pb was observed in lime 1 treatment during the composting process. Reducible and oxidizable fractions of Ni, Pb and Cd were not observed during the process. Addition of lime was very effective for reduction ofbioavailability of heavy metals during composting of water hyacinth with cattle manure and sawdust.

关键词： composting lime heavy metals bioavailabil-ity factor speciation

Methodological challenges of cross-language qualitative research with south Asian communities living in the UK

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2016年第2期4卷 16-28页

作者： Manbinder s.sidhu Farina Kokab Kate Jolly Tom Marshall Nicola K.Gale Paramjit Gill Institute of Applied Health Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK Health services Management Centre School of Social PolicyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK

Objective:We investigate(1)the influence of ethnic,gender,and age concordance with inter-viewers and(2)how expression of qualitative data varies between interviews delivered in English and community languages(Punjabi/Urdu)with monolingual and bilingual participants across three generations of the Indian sikh and Pakistani Muslim communities living in the ***:We analyzed and interpreted semi-structured interview transcripts that were designed to collect data about lifestyles,disease management,community practices/beliefs,and social ***,qualitative content analysis was applied to ***,a framework was ap-plied as a guide to identify cross-language illustrations where responses varied in length,expression and ***:Participant responses differed by language and ***-generation migrants when discussing religion,culture,or family practice were far likelier to use group or community narra-tives and give a longer response,indicating familiarity with or importance of such *** and gender concordance generated greater rapport between researchers and participants centered on community values and ***,open-ended questions that were less direct were better suited for first-generation ***:Community-based researchers need more time to complete interviews in second languages,need to acknowledge that narratives can be contextualized in both personal and com-munity views,and reframe questions that may lead to greater ***,we detail a number of recommendations with regard to validating the translation of interviews from commu-nity languages to English as well as measures for testing language proficiency.

关键词： Ethnicity community concordance language south Asian qualitative interviews

An Analysis of soil Coring strategies to Estimate Root Depth in Maize(Zea mays)and Common Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 347-366页

作者： James D.Burridge Christopher K.Black Eric A.Nord Johannes A.Postma Jagdeep s.sidhu Larry M.York Jonathan P.Lynch The Pennsylvania state University Department of Plant ScienceTyson BuildingUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Biology Greenville University315 E.College AveGreenvilleIL 62246USA Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio-and Geosciences-Plant Sciences(IBG-2)52425 JülichGermany Noble Research Institute LLC2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA

A soil coring protocol was developed to cooptimize the estimation of root length distribution(RLD)by depth and detection of functionally important variation in root system architecture(RsA)of maize and *** functional-structural model OpensimRoot was used to perform in silico soil coring at six locations on three different maize and bean RsA *** were compared to two seasons of field soil coring and one *** one-sided T-test(TOsT)analysis of in silico data suggests a between-row location 5 cm from plant base(location 3),best estimates whole-plot RLD/D of deep,intermediate,and shallow RsA phenotypes,for both maize and *** discriminant analysis indicates location 3 has~70%categorization accuracy for bean,while an in-row location next to the plant base(location 6)has~85%categorization accuracy in *** of field data suggests the more representative sampling locations vary by year and *** silico and field studies suggest location 3 is most robust,although variation is significant among seasons,among replications within a field season,and among field soil coring,trench,and *** propose that the characterization of the RLD profile as a dynamic rhizo canopy effectively describes how the RLD profile arises from interactions among an individual plant,its neighbors,and the pedosphere.

关键词： mays soil Root

Oxidative chemical pretreatment by piranha solution for enhanced methane yield of wheat straw:mechanism and kinetic study

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Waste Disposal and sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 351-366页

作者： Nikita Kanaujia shalu Rawat jiwan singh Department of Environmental science Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknow226025India

The present research work aims to explore the potency of piranha solutions at the best-optimized concentrations,i.e.,40%and 30%to reduce the recalcitrant and heterogeneous structure of wheat straw,and the treated wheat straw was denoted as Ws40 and *** effect of pretreatment on wheat straw was determined by anaerobic digestion(AD)in a batch mode,followed by the analysis of soluble chemical oxygen demand(sCOD)and volatile fatty acids(VFAs).After pretreatment,the surface fibers shattered and detached,showing a distorted surface of wheat *** increase in the crystallinity of wheat straw after pretreatment was also observed due to the removal of amorphous cellulose and *** in methane yield was obtained on the 9th day,which was 103±6.92 and 99.33±0.57 mL/d for Ws40 and Ws30,*** water measurement revealed that the pretreatment of wheat straw minimized the hydrolysis period by 14 *** also improved the methane yield by 2.65(Ws40)and 2.45(Ws30)fold in comparison with the control which yielded 35.66 mL/d methane on the 23rd *** modified Gompertz model(MGM),logistic function model(LFM)and transference function model(TFM)adequately described the degradation process and explained the kinetic behavior of the cumulative methane *** the three models,MGM was found to fit best for the methane yield of Ws40 and Ws30.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Wheat straw Oxidative pretreatment Piranha solution Methane

Gamma Correction for Brightness Preservation in Natural Images

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Computer systems science & Engineering 2023年第3期44卷 2791-2807页

作者： Navleen s Rekhi Jagroop s.sidhu Amit Arora IKG Punjab Technical University KapurthalaPunjabIndia DAV Institute of Engineering&Technology Jalandhar144008PunjabIndia

Due to improper acquisition settings and other noise artifacts,the image degraded to yield poor mean preservation in *** simplest way to improve the preservation is the implementation of histogram *** of over-enhancement,it failed to preserve the mean brightness and produce the poor quality of the *** paper proposes a multi-scale decomposi-tion for brightness preservation using gamma *** transformation to hue,saturation and intensity(HsI)channel,the 2D-discrete wavelet transform decomposed the intensity component into low and high-pass *** the next phase,gamma correction is used by auto-tuning the scale *** scale is the modified constant value used in the logarithmic ***,the scale value is optimized to obtain better visual quality in the *** optimized value is the weighted distribution of standard deviation-mean of low pass ***,the experimental result is estimated in terms of quality assessment measures used as absolute mean brightness error,the measure of information detail,signal to noise ratio and patch-based contrast quality in the *** comparison,the proposed method proved to be suitably remarkable in retaining the mean brightness and better visual quality of the image.

关键词： Natural and aerial images wavelet transform gamma correction brightness preservation

Variation among poplar clones for growth and crown traits under field conditions at two sites of North-western India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 61-67页

作者： G.P.s. Dhillon Avtar singh D.s. sidhu H.s. Brar Department of Forestry & Natural Resources Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141 004India. Punjab Agriculture University Regional Research StationBathinda151 001 PunjabIndia.

We evaluated the growth and crown traits of 36 poplar clones at two distinct agro-climatic regions of Punjab （Ludhiana and Bathinda） in northwestern India, following randomized block design with three replications and plot size of four trees. significant differences among clones （p〈0.001） were observed for diameter at breast height （DBH）, tree height, volume, crown width and number of branches under both the site conditions. Clones ‘G-3’, ‘25-N’ and ‘41-N’ at Ludhiana and ‘G-3’, ‘RD-01’ and ‘s7C8’ at Bathinda were found to be superior for volume production. All growth and crown traits registered significantly higher values at Ludhiana in comparison to those at Bathinda. Clone site interaction was also significant （p〈0.001）. For volume, clones ‘L-62/84’, ‘113520’, ‘25-N’ and ‘s4C2’ witnessed huge fluctuations in ranking between sites. The correlations between growth traits were positive and highly significant （p〈0.001） at both sites. The clonal mean heritability was moderate for DBH and volume both at Ludhiana （0.61–0.66） and Bathinda （0.61–0.62）. Across sites, the genetic advance was the highest for volume （49.76%） and the lowest （6.50%） in case of height.

关键词： clonal heritability clonal selection clone-site interaction genetic correlation Populus deltoides

Evaluation of non-point source pollution reduction by applying Best Management Practices using a sWAT model and QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2010年第6期22卷 826-833页

作者： Miseon Lee GeunAe Park MinJi Park JongYoon Park jiwan Lee seongJoon Kim Department of Rural Engineering Konkuk University Department of Civil and Environmental system Engineering Konkuk University

This study evaluated the reduction effect of non-point source pollution by applying best management practices （BMPs） to a 1.21 km^2 small agricultural watershed using a sWAT （soil and Water Assessment Tool） model. Two meter QuickBird land use data were prepared for the watershed. The sWAT was calibrated and validated using dally streamflow and monthly water quality （total phosphorus （TP）, total nitrogen （TN）, and suspended solids （ss）） records from 1999 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2002. The average Nash and sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.63 for the streamflow and the coefficients of determination were 0.88, 0.72, and 0.68 for ss, TN, and TP, respectively. Four BMP scenarios viz. the application of vegetation filter strip and riparian buffer system, the regulation of Universal soil Loss Equation P factor, and the fertilizing control amount for crops were applied and analyzed.

关键词： QuickBird land use soil and Water Assessment Tool best management practice non-point source

Utilization of nano/micro-size iron recovered from the fine fraction of automobile shredder residue for phenol degradation in water

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 53-59页

作者： jiwan sINGH Yoon-Young CHANG Jae-Kyu YANG seon-Hong KANG Janardhan Reddy KODURU Department of Environmental Engineering Kwangwoon University Seoul 139-701 Republic of Korea Division of General Education Kwangwoon University Seoul 139-701 Republic of Korea Graduate school of Environmental s~dies Kwangwoon university Seoul 139-701 Republic of Korea

The study investigates the magnetic separation of Fe from automobile shredder residue （AsR）（〈 0.25 mm） and its application for phenol degradation in water. The magnetically separated Fe was subjected to an ultrasonically assisted acid treatment, and the degradation of phenol in an aqueous solution using nano/micro-size Fe （n/m Fe） was investigated in an effort to evaluate the possibility of utilizing n/m Fe to remove phenol from wastewater. The prepared n/m Fe was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （sEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. The eflects of the dosages ot n/mFe, pH, concentration of phenol and amount of H2O2 on phenol removal were evaluated. The results confirm that the phenol degradation rate was improved with an increase in the dosages of n/mFe and H2O2; however, the rate is reduced when the phenol concentration is higher. The degradation of phenol by n/mFe followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The value of the reaction rate constant （k）was increased as the amounts of n/m Fe and H2O2 increased. Conversely, the value of k was reduced when the concentration of phenol was increased. The probable mechanism behind the degradation of phenol by n/m Fe is the oxidation of phenol through hydroxyl radicals which are produced during the reaction between H2O2 and n/m Fe.

关键词： Automobile shredder residue (AsR)Fe Phenol scanning electron microscopy (sEM) andFourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)Mechanism

Application of Cydia pomonella expressed sequence tags： Identification and expression of three general odorant binding proteins in codling moth

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Insect science 2013年第5期20卷 559-574页

作者： stephen F. Garczynski Brad s. Coates Thomas R. Unruh scott schaeffer Derick jiwan Tyson Koepke Amit Dhingra UsDA-ARs Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory Wapato WA 98951 UsDA-ARs Corn Insect and Crop Genetics Research Unit Genetics Laboratory Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is one of the most important pests of pome fruits in the world, yet the molecular genetics and the physiology of this insect remain poorly understood. A combined assembly of 8？341 expressed sequence tags was generated from Roche 454 Gs-FLX sequencing of eight tissue-specific cDNA libraries. Putative chemosensory proteins （12） and odorant binding proteins （OBPs）（18） were annotated, which included three putative general OBP （GOBP）, one more than typically reported for other Lepidoptera. To further characterize CpomGOBPs, we cloned cDNA copies of their transcripts and determined their expression patterns in various tissues. Cloning and sequencing of the 698？nt transcript for CpomGOBP1 resulted in the prediction of a 163 amino acid coding region, and subsequent RT-PCR indicated that the transcripts were mainly expressed in antennae and mouthparts. The 1？289 nt （160 amino acid） CpomGOBP2 and the novel 702 nt （169 amino acid） CpomGOBP3 transcripts are mainly expressed in antennae, mouthparts, and female abdomen tips. These results indicate that next generation sequencing is useful for the identification of novel transcripts of interest, and that codling moth expresses a transcript encoding for a new member of the GOBP subfamily.

关键词： codling moth EsT odorant binding proteins