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Automated retrofit targeting of heat exchanger networks

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 630-642页

作者： Timothy G.Walmsley Nathan S.Lal Petar S.Varbanov jiri j.klemes Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory -SPIL NETME CentreFaculty of Mechanical Engineering Bmo University of TechnologyBmo 60190Czech Republic Energy Research Centre School of EngineeringUniversity of WaikatoHamilton 3240New Zealand

The aim of this paper is to develop a novel heat exchanger network (HEN) retrofit method based on a new automated retrofit targeting (ART) algorithm. ART uses the heat surplus-deficit table (HSDT) in combination with the Bridge Retrofit concepts to generate retrofit bridges option, from which a retrofit design may be formulated. The HSDT is a tabular tool that shows potential for improved re-integration of heat source and sink streams within a HEN. Using the HSDT, retrofit bridges—a set of modifications that links a cooler to a heater to save energy—may be identified, quantified, and compared. The novel retrofit method including the ART algorithm has been successfully implemented in Microsoft ExcelTM to enable analysis of large-scale HENs. A refinery case study with 27 streams and 46 existing heat exchangers demonstrated the retrofit method’s potential. For the case study, the ART algorithm found 68903 feasible unique retrofit opportunities with a minimum 400 kW·unit−1 threshold for heat recovery divided by the number of new units. The most promising retrofit project required 3 new heat exchanger units to achieve a heat savings of 4.24 MW with a favorable annualised profit and a reasonable payback period.

关键词： process retrofit pinch analysis heat exchanger network heat recovery

Spatial targeting evaluation of energy and environmental performance of waste-to-energy processing

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 731-744页

作者： Petar S.Varbanov Timothy G.Walmsley Yee V.Fan jiri j.klemes Simon j.Perry Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory NETME CentreFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringBmo University of Technology61669 Bmo Czech Republic Centre for Process Integration School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of ManchesterManchester M I 3ALUK

Waste-to-energy supply chains are important potential contributors to minimising the environmental impacts of municipal solid waste by reducing the amounts of waste sent to landfill, as well as the fossil fuel consumption and environmental footprints. Accounting for the spatial and transport properties of the waste-to-energy supply chains is crucial for understanding the problem and improving the supply chain designs. The most significant challenge is the distributed nature of the waste generation and the household energy demands. The current work proposes concepts and a procedure for targeting the size of the municipal solid waste collection zone as the first step in the waste-to-energy supply chains synthesis. The formulated concepts and the provided case study reveal trends of reducing the net greenhouse gas savings and energy recovery by increasing the collection zone size. Population density has a positive correlation with the greenhouse gas saving and energy recovery performance. For smaller zone size the energy recovery from waste approaches and in some cases may surpass the energy spent on waste transportation. The energy recovery and greenhouse gas savings remain significant even for collection zones as large as 200 km2. The obtained trends are discussed and key directions for future work are proposed.

关键词： waste-to-energy supply chain optimisation GHG savings energy recovery ratio

Heat Integration retrofit analysis --an oil refinery case study by Retrofit Tracing Grid Diagram

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015年第2期9卷 163-182页

作者： Andreja NEMET jiri jaromir klemes Petar Sabev VARBANOV Valter MANTELLI Centre for Process Integration and Intensification CPI2 Faculty of Information Technology Egyetem utca 10 8200 Veszprem Hungary IPLOM SpA Via C. Navone 3B 16012 Busalla Genoa Italy

Heat Integration has been established over the last decades as a proven chemical engineering methodol- ogy. Two design implementations are often used in the industry： grassroots and retrofit. Although various methods have been developed for retrofit, it still needs more development to ensure simultaneously thermodynamic feasibility and economic viability. In this paper, a novel graphical approach has been developed to facilitate the understanding of the current situation and scope of improvement. The Retrofit Tracing Grid Diagram presents all streams and heat exchangers in temperature scale and the heat exchangers are clearly separated from each other, enabling clear visualisation of the current state. The tool incorporates the previously developed Cross-Pinch Analysis as well as path approach for retrofit. Additionally, the non-vertical heat transfer can be evaluated. The application of the developed tool has been validated on an oil refinery case study. The applicability of the tool is evident as it can reveal additional options for modification that none of the previous methods considered.

关键词： Heat Integration retrofit Pinch Analysis,thermodynamic approach oil refinery

Process synthesis with simultaneous consideration of inherent safety-inherent risk footprint

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 745-762页

作者： Andreja Nemet jiri j.Kleme Zdravko Kravanja Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Maribor2000 MariborSlovenia Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory NETME CentreFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringBmo University of Technology61669 Brno Czech Republic

Process plants should be designed to be economically viable and environmentally friendly, while also being operable and maintainable during process implementation. The safety of processes is among the most important considerations in obtaining results that are more acceptably realistic, as it is linked to the availability and reliability of the process. Inherent safety can effectively be enhanced in the early stages of the design, when the main decisions on process design are made. The aim of this study is to enhance and select the appropriate risk assessment method and to incorporate it into process synthesis, using a mathematical programming approach. A mixed-integer, nonlinear programming (MINLP) model was used for the synthesis of a methanol production process, considering risk assessment during the synthesis. Risk assessment is performed simultaneously with the MINLP process synthesis, where the risk is determined either for the whole process as overall risk, or on a per unit-of-a-product basis. For the latter, a new measurement is proposed: the inherent risk footprint. The results of a case study led to two main conclusions: (i) Significantly safer designs can be obtained at negligible economic expense, and (ii) at higher production capacities, a lower inherent risk footprint can be achieved. The results also indicate that designs obtained using this method can have significantly increased inherent safety, while remaining economically viable.

关键词： inherent safety process design simultaneous risk assessment risk footprint methanol process

Raman spectra of fine-grained materials from first principles

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 616-622页

作者： Maxim N.Popov jürgen Spitaler Vignaswaran K.Veerapandiyan Eric Bousquet jiri Hlinka Marco Deluca Materials Center Leoben(MCL)Forschung GmbH Roseggerstrasse 12A-8700 LeobenAustria Physique Théorique des Matériaux QMATCESAMUniversite de LiègeB-4000 Sart-TilmanBelgium Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicNa Slovance 218221 PragueCzech Republic

Raman spectroscopy is an advantageous method for studying the local structure of materials,but the interpretation of measured spectra is complicated by the presence of oblique phonons in polycrystals of polar *** group theory considerations and standard ab initio calculations are helpful,they are often valid only for single *** this paper,we introduce a method for computing Raman spectra of polycrystalline materials from first principles.

关键词： materials spectra principles

Pho-view of Auxin:Reversible Protein Phosphorylation in Auxin Biosynthesis,Transport and Signaling

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Molecular Plant 2021年第1期14卷 151-165页

作者： Shutang Tan Christian Luschnig jiri Friml Institute of Science and Technology Austria(1ST Austria) Am Campus 13400 KlosterneuburgAustria Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna(BOKU)Muthgasse 181190 WienAustria

The phytohormone auxin plays a central role in shaping plant growth and *** decades of genetic and biochemical studies,numerous core molecular components and their networks,underlying auxin biosynthesis,transport,and signaling,have been ***,protein phosphorylation,catalyzed by kinases and oppositely hydrolyzed by phosphatases,has been emerging to be a crucial type of post-translational modification,regulating physiological and developmental auxin output at all *** this review,we comprehensively discuss earlier and recent advances in our understanding of genetics,biochemistry,and cell biology of the kinases and phosphatases participating in auxin *** provide insights into the mechanisms by which reversible protein phosphorylation defines developmental auxin responses,discuss current challenges,and provide our perspectives on future directions involving the integration of the control of protein phosphorylation into the molecular auxin network.

关键词： Arabidopsis auxin protein kinase phosphatase phosphorylation

Enquiry into the Topology of Plasma Membrane- Localized PIN Auxin Transport Components

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Molecular Plant 2016年第11期9卷 1504-1519页

作者： Tomasz Nodzynski Steffen Vanneste Marta Zwiewka Marketa Pernisova jan Hejatko jiri Friml CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic Department of Plant Systems Biology VIB 9052 Gent Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University 9052 Gent Belgium National Centre for Biomolecular Research Masaryk University Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) Am Campus 1 3400 Klosterneuburg Austria

Auxin directs plant ontogenesis via differential accumulation within tissues depending largely on the activity of PIN proteins that mediate auxin efflux from cells and its directional cell-to-cell transport. Regard- less of the developmental importance of PINs, the structure of these transporters is poorly characterized. Here, we present experimental data concerning protein topology of plasma membrane-localized PINs. Utilizing approaches based on pH-dependent quenching of fluorescent reporters combined with immuno- localization techniques, we mapped the membrane topology of PINs and further cross-validated our results using available topology modeling software. We delineated the topology of PIN1 with two transmembrane （TM） bundles of five m-helices linked by a large intracellular loop and a C-terminus positioned outside the cytoplasm. Using constraints derived from our experimental data, we also provide an updated position of helical regions generating a verisimilitude model of PIN1. Since the canonical long PINs show a high degree of conservation in TM domains and auxin transport capacity has been demonstrated for Arabidopsis representatives of this group, this empirically enhanced topological model of PIN1 will be an important starting point for further studies on PIN structure-function relationships. In addition, we have established protocols that can be used to probe the topology of other plasma membrane proteins in plants.

关键词： plasma membrane protein topology auxin efflux carriers Arabidopsis thaliana

Cellular and Molecular Requirements for Polar PIN Targeting and Transcytosis in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 1056-1066页

作者： jurgen Kleine-Vehn tukasz tangowski justyna Wisniewska Pankaj Dhonukshe Philip B Brewer jiri Friml Department of Plant Systems Biology VIB and Department of Molecular Genetics Ghent University 9052 Gent Belgium Zentrum fur Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP) Universitat Tubingen 72076 Tubingen Germany Present address: Institute of General and Molecular Biology Nicolas Copernicus University 87-100 Torun Poland Present address: Department of Biology Utrecht University 3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands Present address: Centre for Integrative Legume Research University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

The polar, sub-cellular localization of PIN auxin efflux carriers determines the direction of intercellular auxin flow, thus defining the spatial aspect of auxin signalling. Dynamic, transcytosis-like relocalizations of PIN proteins occur in response to external and internal signals, integrating these signals into changes in auxin distribution. Here, we examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms of polar PIN delivery and transcytosis. The mechanisms of the ARF-GEF-dependent polar targeting and transcytosis are well conserved and show little variations among diverse Arabidopsis ecotypes consistent with their fundamental importance in regulating plant development. At the cellular level, we refine previous findings on the role of the actin cytoskeleton in apical and basal PIN targeting, and identify a previously unknown role for microtubules, specifically in basal targeting. PIN protein delivery to different sides of the cell is mediated by ARFdependent trafficking with a previously unknown complex level of distinct ARF-GEF vesicle trafficking regulators. Our data suggest that alternative recruitment of PIN proteins by these distinct pathways can account for cell type- and cargo-specific aspects of polar targeting, as well as for polarity changes in response to different signals. The resulting dynamic PIN positioning to different sides of cells defines a three-dimensional pattern of auxin fluxes within plant tissues.

关键词： cytoskeleton polarity protein targeting.

Electrospun Polyethylene Glycol/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Nanofibrous Membranes as Shape-Stabilized Solid-Solid Phase Change Materials

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2020年第3期2卷 167-177页

作者： junwen Huang Houyong Yu Somia Yassin Hussain Abdalkarim jaromir Marek jiri Militky Yingzhan Li juming Yao Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of FiberMaterials and Manufacturing TechnologyZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityNo.928Avenue 2Xiasha Higher Education ParkHangzhou 310018China Institute for Nanomaterials Advanced Technologies and InnovationsLiberec 46001Czech Republic

In this work,shape-stabilized solid-solid phase change materials(PCMs)were fabricated by simply electrospinning polyethylene glycol(PEG)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA).Owing to the strong hydrogen bonds and entanglement between those molecular chains of PEG and PVA,PEG was packaged by *** morphological structures,thermal stability and thermal energy storage properties of those fibers were *** results showed that those electrospun PVA/PEG composite membranes hold a three-dimensional nonwoven web structure even the content of PEG as high as 70%.The thermal energy storage ability of those composite fibers increased with the increase of the content of *** heat enthalpies of PEG/PVA=7/3 were as high as 78.806 j/***,those composite fibers had excellent thermal *** 100 heating and cooling cycles,there was almost no obvious change in the melting enthalpy and crystallization *** fibers still maintained good thermal *** simple preparation process,low cost of raw materials and excellent stability endow the PCMs great utilization potentiality in smart textile and energy storage systems.

关键词： Solid-solid PCMs Electrospinning Polyethylene glycol