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Increasing terrestrial vegetation activity in China, 1982—1999

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第3期47卷 229-240页

作者： FANG Jingyun PIAO Shilong he jinsheng MA Wenhong Department of Ecology College of Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Variations in vegetation activity during the past 18 years in China were investigated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from the 3rd generation time series dataset of NOAA-AVHRR from 1982 to 1999. In order to eliminate the effects of non-vegetation factors, we characterized areas with NDVI he results showed that increasing NDVI trends were evident, to varying extents, in almost all regions in China in the 18 years, indicating that vegetation activity has been rising in recent years in these regions. Compared to the early 1980s, the vegetated area increased by 3.5% by the late 1990s, while the sparsely vegetated area declined by 18.1% in the same period. The national total mean annual NDVI increased by 7.4% during the study period. Extended growing seasons and increased plant growth rates ac-counted for the bulk of these increases, while increases in temperature and summer rainfall, and strengthening agricultural activity were also likely important factors. NDVI changes in China ex-hibited relatively large spatial heterogeneity; the eastern coastal regions experienced declining or indiscernibly rising trends, while agricultural regions and western China experienced marked increases. Such a pattern was due primarily to urbanization, agricultural activity, regional climate characteristics, and different vegetation responses to regional climate changes.

关键词： China NDVI vegetation activity climate change agricultural production urbanization.

Multi-formal and Information-based Emergency Resource Reserve System in China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2008年第4期6卷 52-58页

作者： Li Hua he jinsheng Zhu Xianmin Management School Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Tianjin headquarters of the Armed Police Tianjin 300042 China Scientific and Technology Division Academy of Military Transportation Tianjin 300161 China

Emergency resources are an important basis of effective emergency response. But there are many disadvantages of the Chinese traditional material reserve method in which the resources are separately reserved in different regions and sections according to the kinds of disasters. So there comes the Multi-formal and Information-based Emergency Resource Reserve System (MIERRS) in China. The reserve body and method change from the single into the multiple forms, that is, the main reserve body changes from the single government agency into the organizations combining with the military, enterprise and society, and the reserve method changes from single material reserve into the reserve combining with market reserve, talents and technology reserve, and production capacity reserve. The content of the reserve change from material to information means to develop the Emergency Resource Management Information System realizing real-time control of resource characteristics and relevant reserve information. The MIERRS leads to a reserve system with rapid response and flexible schedule. It provides a convenient platform for resource sharing, thus avoiding duplication and waste, improving the utilization of resources, reducing the reserve loss and optimizing the structure of resource reserve.

关键词： emergency management resource reserve information

The Impact of the Three Gorges Hydroelectric Project on and the Preservation Strategies for the Biodiversity in the Affected Region

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生物多样性 1995年第B6期3卷 63-72页

作者： he jinsheng XIE ZONGQIANG Institute of Botany Academia Sinica Beijing 100044. China

Interactive effects of elevated CO_(2)and temperature on the anatomical characteristics of leaves in eleven species

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Frontiers in Biology 2007年第3期2卷 333-339页

作者： HAN Mei JI Chengjun ZUO Wenyun he jinsheng Department of Ecology College of Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The anatomical features of leaves in 11 species of plantsgrowninatemperaturegradientandatemperature+CO_(2)gradient were *** palisade parenchyma thickness,the spongy parenchyma thickness and the total leaf thickness were measured and analyzed to investigate the effects of ele-vated temperature and CO_(2)on the anatomical characteristics of the *** results show that with the increase of temperature,the leaf thickness of C_(4)species increased while the leaf thickness of C_(3)species showed no constant *** increased CO_(2),seven out of nine C_(3)species exhibited increased total leaf *** C_(4)species,leaf thickness *** for the trend on the multi-grades,the plants exhibited linear or non-linear *** the increase of temperature or both temperature and CO_(2)for the 11 species investigated,leaf thickness varied greatly in different plants(species)and even in different branches on the same *** results demonstrated that the effect of increasing CO_(2)and temperature on the anatomical features of the leaves were *** plant structures are correlated with plant functions,the changes in leaf anatomical characteristics in elevated temperature and CO_(2)may lead to functional differences.

关键词： CO_(2)concentration gradient temperature gradi-ent leaf anatomical characteristics C3 species C4 species

Morphology and structural dynamics of amyloid beta 42 assembly in vitro

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第5期6卷 335-339页

作者： Ying Zhang jinsheng he Shuhan Guo Jingdong Song Jianguo Qu Tao Hong College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology School of Science Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100052 China

Amyloid β42 （Aβ42） aggregation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer＇s disease. However, the morphology and structural dynamics in different stages of Aβ42 assembly are not well known. To investigate the dynamic properties of morphological and structural changes in the aggregation process of Aβ in vitro, transmission electron microscopy, western blot analysis and circular dichroism were used to observe the changes in morphology, immunoreactivity and secondary structure during Aβ aggregation, respectively. Results demonstrated that at 24 hours following Aβ42 aggregation in vitro, the structures of spherical granules from 5 to 10 nm and coils from 20 to 30 nm were visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Different immunoreactivities of the oligomers and fibers were detected by western blot analysis. The dynamic changes of the α-helix to β-sheet were confirmed by circular dichroism spectra. The dynamic properties of the morphological and structural changes in the aggregation process of Aβ42 in vitro were analyzed, which contributed to the identification of stable conditions of Aβ42 oligomer formation.

关键词： Alzheimefs disease Aβ oligomer transmission electron microscopy western blot circular dichroism

Foreword to the special issue:looking into the impacts of global warming from the roof of the world

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第4期2卷 169-171页

作者： Yanhong Tang Shiqiang Wan jinsheng he Xinquan Zhao National Institute for Environmental Studies Onogawa 16-2Tsukuba 305-8506Japan State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093BeijingChina Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences59 Xiguan StreetXiningQinghai 810008China

To most people,the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a place full of *** is also mysterious to many *** vast central Asian plateau lies at an average elevation>4000 m and covers about 370 million *** the highest range of elevations of any ecosystem in the world makes the plateau unique even among alpine ecosystems due to the presence of extreme abiotic environments:the lowest atmospheric pressure and thus,the lowest partial pressures of CO_(2) and O_(2),low temperatures and high levels of radiation,including high ultraviolet radiation.

关键词： plateau warming environments

Electron microscopy:essentials for viral structure,morphogenesis and rapid diagnosis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2013年第9期56卷 421-430页

作者： ZHANG Ying HUNG Tao SONG JingDong he jinsheng College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering Electron Microscopy LaboratorySchool of ScienceBeijing Jiaotong University Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Electron microscopy(EM) should be used in the front line for detection of agents in emergencies and bioterrorism,on accounts of its speed and ***,the number of EM diagnostic laboratories has decreased considerably and an increasing number of people encounter difficulties with EM ***,the research on viral structure and morphology has become important in EM diagnostic *** has several technological advantages,and should be a fundamental tool in clinical diagnosis of viruses,particularly when agents are unknown or *** this article,we review the historical contribution of EM to virology,and its use in virus differentiation,localization of specific virus antigens,virus-cell interaction,and viral *** is essential that EM investigations are based on clinical and comprehensive pathogenesis data from light or confocal ***,avoidance of artifacts or false results is necessary to exploit fully the advantages while minimizing its limitations.

关键词： electron microscopy viral structure viral morphology viral diagnosis

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Comparative analyses of leaf anatomy of dicotyledonous species in Tibetan and Inner Mongolian grasslands

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2012年第1期55卷 68-79页

作者： MA JianJing JI ChengJun HAN Mei ZHANG TingFang YAN XueDong HU Dong ZENG Hui he jinsheng Department of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Life Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100037China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China

Knowledge of the leaf anatomy of grassland plants is crucial for understanding how these plants adapt to the environment. Tibetan alpine grasslands and Inner Mongolian temperate grasslands are two major grassland types in northern China. Tibetan alpine grasslands occur in high-altitude regions where the low temperatures limit plant growth. Inner Mongolian temperate grasslands are found in arid regions where moisture is the limiting factor. Few comparative studies concerning the leaf anatomy of grassland plants of the Tibetan Plateau and Inner Mongolian Plateau have been conducted. We examined leaf characteristics at 71 sites and among 65 species, across the alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau and the temperate grasslands of the Inner Mongolian Plateau. We compared the leaf structures of plants with different life forms and taxonomies, and their adaptation to arid or cold environments. We explored relationships among leaf features and the effects of climatic factors (i.e., growing season temperature and precipitation) on leaf characteristics. Our results showed that (i) there were significant differences in leaf anatomy between Tibetan alpine and Inner Mongolian temperate grasslands. Except for mesophyll cell density, the values obtained for thickness of leaf tissue, surface area and volume of mesophyll cells were larger on the Tibetan Plateau than on the Inner Mongolian Plateau. (ii) Within the same family or genus, leaf anatomy showed significant differences between two regions, and trends were consistent with those of whole species. (iii) Leaf anatomy of woody and herbaceous plants also showed significant differences between the regions. Except for mesophyll cell density, the values obtained for the thickness of leaf tissue, and the surface area and volume of mesophyll cells were larger in herbaceous than in woody plants. (iv) Leaf anatomical traits changed accordingly. Total leaf thickness, thicknesses of lower and upper epidermal cells, and surface area and

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Inner Mongolian Plateau steppe meadow leaf anatomy dicotyledons

Study on Knowledge Increase Mechanism and Original Substance from the Viewpoint of Biological Fermentation

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Chinese Business Review 2005年第6期4卷 6-10页

作者： Yue Wang jinsheng he Tianjin University

The internal mechanism of organizational learning and knowledge increase is very similar to the mechanism of biotic ferment, so we creatively use Knowledge Convening ＆ Fermenting Model （KCFM） to explain the origination and mechanism of knowledge increase, espec）ally clarifying that the original substance is the key factor to cause organizational learning and knowledge innovation, We also thoroughly analyze the helix process for knowledge bacterial strain to impel knowledge increase.

关键词： knowledge convening and fermenting knowledge increase knowledge bacterial strain original substance