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Alpine grassland degradation intensifies the burrowing behavior of small mammals:evidence for a negative feedback loop

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 240-252页

作者： Zaiwei WANG Jiawen YAN Amy MARTIN Dianne HBRUNTON Jiapeng QU jin-sheng he Weihong JI Zhibiao NAN State Key Laboratory of herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research LincolnNew Zealand School of Natural Sciences Massey University(Albany Campus)AucklandNew Zealand Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Globally,grassland degradation is an acute ecological problem.In alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau,increased densities of various small mammals in degraded grassland are assumed to intensify the degradation process and these mammals are subject to lethal control.However,whether the negative impact of small mammals is solely a result of population size or also a result of activity and behavior has not been tested.In this study,we use plateau pika as a model to compare population size,core area of colony,and the number of burrow entrances and latrines between lightly and severely degraded grassland.We test whether the alleged contribution of pika to grassland degradation is a result of increased population size or increased burrowing activities of individuals in response to lower food abundance.We found that grassland degradation resulted in lower plant species richness,plant height,and biomass.Furthermore,the overall population size of pika was not significantly affected by location in lightly and severely degraded grassland.However,pika core areas in severely grassland degradation were significantly larger and had significantly higher densities of burrows and latrines.Our study provides convincing evidence that habitat-induced changes in the behavior of small,burrowing mammals,such as pika,can exacerbate grassland degradation.This finding has significant implications for managing small mammals and restoring degraded grassland ecosystems.

关键词： burrowing behavior grassland degradation plateau pika population size small mammals

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Carbon fluxes and soil carbon dynamics along a gradient of biogeomorphic succession in alpine wetlands of Tibetan Plateau

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Fundamental Research 2023年第2期3卷 151-159页

作者： Hao Wang Lingfei Yu Litong Chen Zhenhua Zhang Xuefei Li Naishen Liang Changhui Peng jin-sheng he State Key Laboratory of herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem and Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiP.O.Box 68Helsinki FI-00014Finland Earth System Division National Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaIbaraki 305-8506Japan g Department of Biology Sciences Institute of Environment SciencesUniversity of Quebec at MontrealMontrealQC H3C 3P8Canada State Key Laboratory of herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Hydrological changes under climate warming drive the biogeomorphic succession of wetlands and may trigger substantial carbon loss from the carbon-rich ecosystems.Although many studies have explored the responses of wetland carbon emissions to short-term hydrological change,it remains poorly understood how the carbon cycle evolves with hydrology-driven wetland succession.here,we used a space-for-time approach across hydrological gradients on the Tibetan Plateau to examine the dynamics of ecosystem carbon fluxes(carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and methane(CH4))and soil organic carbon pools during alpine wetland succession.We found that the succession from mesic meadow to fen changed the seasonality of both CO_(2) and CH4 fluxes,which was related to the shift in plant community composition,enhanced regulation of soil hydrology and increasing contribution of spring-thaw emission.The paludification caused a switch from net uptake of gaseous carbon to net release on an annual timescale but produced a large accumulation of soil organic carbon.We attempted to attribute the paradox between evidence from the carbon fluxes and pools to the lateral carbon input and the systematic changes of historical climate,given that the wetlands are spatially low-lying with strong temporal climate-carbon cycle interactions.These findings demonstrate a systematic change in the carbon cycle with succession and suggest that biogeomorphic succession and lateral carbon flows are both important for understanding the long-term dynamics of wetland carbon footprints.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Methane Soil organic carbon Climate change Hydrological change

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Grassland Science in a New Era

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Fundamental Research 2023年第2期3卷 149-150页

作者： Guiling Zhao Lingli Liu Zeng-Yu Wang Zhenong jin jin-sheng he Division of Environment and Ecology Department of Life SciencesNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Grassland Science Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of MinnesotaMN 55455United States State Key Laboratory of herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Grasslands are one of the major biomes on Earth,covering approximately 25%of the terrestrial planet.Human history is deeply intertwined with grassland biomes,where we,as a natural species,first walked upright 2 million years ago.Today,grassland ecosystems continue to play an important role in people's livelihoods by producing meat and dairy products,providing habitats for biodiversity,and delivering essential ecosystem services such as climate regulation and cultural heritage.

关键词： grassland planet habitat

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Plant genome editing:CRISPR,base editing,prime editing,and beyond

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Grassland Research 2022年第4期1卷 234-243页

作者： Yujie Xie Syed Inzimam Ul Haq Xingyu Jiang Dianfeng Zheng Naijie Feng Wenying Wang jin-sheng he Quan-sheng Qiu MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability School of Life SciencesQinghai Normal UniversityXiningQinghaiChina Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization in Qinghai Tibet Plateau Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningQinghaiChina State Key Laboratory of herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)system is a fast-growing,genome editing technology that has wide applications in identifying gene functions as well as improving agricultural production and crop breeding.here,we summarized recent advances in the development and applications of genome editing technologies in plants.We briefly described CRISPR/Cas9 technology and examined the base and prime editing techniques that have been developed from CRISPR technology.Some new prime editing-derived techniques were assessed.

关键词： base editing CRISPR/Cas9 plant genome editing prime editing prime editing-derived techniques

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Lowered water table causes species substitution while nitrogen amendment causes species loss in alpine wetland microbial communities

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Pedosphere 2021年第6期31卷 912-922页

作者： Yuntao LI jin-sheng he Hao WANG Jizhong ZHOU Yunfeng YANG Haiyan CHU State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences71 East Beijing RoadNanjing 210008(China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049(China) Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871(China) State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000(China) State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084(China) Institute for Environmental Genomics Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental SciencesUniversity of OklahomaNorman OK 73019(USA) Earth Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley CA 94270(USA)

Alpine wetlands are hotspots of carbon(C)storage and methane emission,and they could be key contributors to global warming.In recent years,rapid warming has lowered the water table in alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau,concurrent with intensified nitrogen(N)deposition via anthropogenic activities.We carried out a field experiment to investigate the ecological impacts of these two factors on soil bacterial and functional communities,which are essential drivers of greenhouse gas emissions.Nitrogen amendment alone decreased the phylogenetic alpha-diversity of bacterial communities which could be offset by lowered water table.In contrast,microbial functional alpha-diversity,revealed by a high-throughput microarray,remained unchanged.Both bacterial and functional beta-diversity responded to lowered water table,but only bacterial community responded to N amendment.The alpha-Proteobacteria,beta-Proteobacteria,and Bacteroidetes were the major responsive bacterial lineages,and C degradation,methanogenesis,alkaline shock,and phosphorus oxidation were the major responsive functional processes.Partitioning analysis revealed that N amendment changed bacterial community structure mainly via species loss processes but did not affect bacterial functional communities,with soil pH and ammonium as the key factors influencing changes in bacterial community structure.Conversely,lowered water table altered bacterial and functional communities through species substitution processes linked to soil pH and soil moisture.According to our results,the response mechanisms of microbial communities to lowered water table and N amendment are fundamentally different in alpine wetlands.

关键词： alpha-diversity bacterial community beta-diversity microbial functional community N amendment water table lowering

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Responses of soil microbial communities and functions associated with organic carbon mineralization to nitrogen addition in a Tibetan grassland

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Pedosphere 2020年第2期30卷 214-225页

作者： Ruyi LUO Jiafa LUO Jianling FAN Deyan LIU jin-sheng he Nazia PERVEEN Weixin DING State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049China AgResearch Limited Ruakura Research CentreHamilton 3240New Zealand Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesKey Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Alpine grasslands with a high soil organic carbon(SOC)storage on the Tibetan Plateau are experiencing rapid climate warming and anthropogenic nitrogen(N)deposition;this is expected to substantially increase the soil N availability,which may impact carbon(C)cycling.However,little is known regarding how N enrichment influences soil microbial communities and functions relative to C cycling in this region.We conducted a 4-year field experiment on an alpine grassland to evaluate the effects of four different rates of N addition(0,25,50,and 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1)on the abundance and community structure(phospholipid fatty acids,PLFAs)of microbes,enzyme activities,and community level physiological profiles(CLPP)in soil.We found that N addition increased the microbial biomass C(MBC)and N(MBN),along with an increased abundance of bacterial PLFAs,especially Gram-negative bacterial PLFAs,with a decreasing ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria.The N addition also stimulated the growth of fungi,especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,reducing the ratio of fungi to bacteria.Microbial functional diversity and activity of enzymes involved in C cycling(β-1,4-glucosidase and phenol oxidase)and N cycling(β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase)increased after N addition,resulting in a loss of SOC.A meta-analysis showed that the soil C/N ratio was a key factor in the response of oxidase activity to N amendment,suggesting that the responses of soil microbial functions,which are linked to C turnover relative to N input,primarily depended upon the soil C/N ratio.Overall,our findings highlight that N addition has a positive influence on microbial communities and their associated functions,which may reduce soil C storage in alpine grasslands under global change scenarios.

关键词： alpine grassland C cycling C turnover community level physiological profiles(CLPP) enzyme activity microbial community composition microbial function N input

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Relative effects of phylogeny,biological characters and environments on leaf traits in shrub biomes across central Inner Mongolia,China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第3期6卷 220-231页

作者： Chao Liu Xiangping Wang Xian Wu Shuang Dai jin-sheng he Weilun Yin The Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education and the National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree BreedingBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Ecology College of Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Aims Understanding the drivers for leaf traits is critical to improving our predictions on ecosystems'responses to global changes.Geographic patterns of leaf traits are shaped by phylogenetic,biological and environmental factors simultaneously.However,till now few studies have examined how these factors influenced leaf traits together,and how their effects differed at the within-and among-site levels.Methods We sampled leaf traits from a 1100 km shrub-biome transect across central Inner-Mongolia,including leaf mass per area(LMA),mass-based photosynthetic rate,nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations.We examined the effects of phylogenetic,biological(height and growth rate)and environmental(climate and soil)fac-tors on leaf traits with mixed-model analyses of variance.Variation partitioning method was used to separate the joint and independent effects of these three types of factors.Important Findings(i)Climate and soil fertility(total or available nutrient concentra-tions)together explained 11.4-41.4%of among-site variations,with remarkable difference among traits.(i)height and height growth rate together explained 0.4--31.9%of trait variations(mostly among-site variations).Our results could only weakly support the ability of leaf traits as predictors for whole-plant growth.(ii)LMA was negatively related to height,which was consistent with the resource-use strategy hypothesis but incon-sistent with the hypotheses proposed for coexisting trees,suggest-ing that the LMA--height relationship is shaped by rather different mechanisms between the within-and among-communities lev-els.(iv)The variation partitioning analysis showed that,the rela-tionships between leaf traits and biological characters largely reflected the differences in both leaf traits and biological char-acters among species that occupying different sites.The relative importance of phylogenetic,biological and environmental fac-tors differed remarkably among leaf traits,between the within-and among-communities levels,and between different biomes.(v)Our

关键词： leaf trait phylogeny height growth rate soil fertility climate

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Positive effects of tree species diversity on litterfall quantity and quality along a secondary successional chronosequence in a subtropical forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 28-35页

作者： Yuanyuan Huang Yinlei Ma Ke Zhao Pascal A.Niklaus Bernhard Schmid jin-sheng he Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University5 Yiheyuan RoadBeijing 100871China Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZürichSwitzerland

Aims Litterfall,as an important link between aboveground and belowground processes,plays a key role in forest ecosystems.here,we test for effects of tree species richness on litter production and litter quality in subtropical forest.The study further encompasses a factorial gradient of secondary succession that resulted from human exploitation.Given that a large percentage of subtropical forests are in secondary successional stages,understanding the role of biodiversity on forest re-growth after disturbance appears critical.Methods From January 2009 to December 2014,we monitored forest litterfall in 27 Comparative Study Plots that spanned a gradient of tree species richness(3-20 species)and secondary successional ages(~20 to 120 years)in Gutianshan Natural Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province,China.The experiment is part of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research platform‘BEF-China’.Tree litterfall was collected in monthly intervals using litter traps.Samples were separated into leaf and non-leaf components.Leaf litter was further sorted into dominant and other species.Community level monthly leaf litter C and N contents were analysed through a full year.General linear mixed-effects models were applied to test for effects of tree species richness and successional age on litter quantity and leaf litter C/N.Important Findings Litterfall increased with species richness among and within successional age and this effect was consistent across years.Successionally older stands had higher litterfall and this effect was related to increased tree species richness.However,species richness did not change the intra-and inter-annual temporal stability of litterfall.Increasing tree species richness increased leaf litter quality(decreased C/N),while successional age had no effect.Our study indicates that more diverse forest stands produce more leaf litter and that this litter has higher N concentrations,which could promote forest growth through accelerated nutrient re-cycling.

关键词： species richness BEF-China litterfall leaf litter C/N subtropical forest secondary succession structural equation models

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Carbon patterns and processes in East Asian ecosystems:multi-scale approaches

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第5期6卷 323-324页

作者： jin-sheng he Hiroyuki Muraoka Yowhan Son jingyun Fang Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityKey Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationBeijing 100871China Institute for Basin Ecosystem Studies Gifu University1-1 YanagidoGifu 501-1193Japan Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea UniversityAnam-dongSungbuk-kuSeoul 136-701Korea

It has been argued that scale is the central problem in ecology(Levin,1992).Studies on carbon cycles and global climate change,the current major themes in modern ecology,require the interfacing of phenomena that occur on different scales of space,time,and ecological organization.For several decades,tremendous efforts have been made to reveal the general patterns of,and the mechanisms for the global carbon cycles.However,many uncertainties remain,particularly on local to regional scales.To reduce these uncertainties,regional collaborations across the board of nations are required.The A3 Foresight Program“Quantifying and predicting terrestrial carbon sinks in East Asia:toward a network of climate change research”,lasting from 2007 to 2012 and supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS),aimed to build a collaborative research and education platform focusing on the carbon processes in terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia.

关键词： education NSFC jointly

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Soil respiration is driven by fine root biomass along a forest chronosequence in subtropical China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 36-46页

作者： Chao Wang Yinlei Ma Stefan Trogisch Yuanyuan Huang Yan Geng Michael Scherer-Lorenzen jin-sheng he Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University5 Yiheyuan RoadBeijing 100871China Department for Geobotany Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle(Saale)D-06108Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig D-04103Germany Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences12 Zhongguancun South StreetBeijing 100081China Faculty of Biology/Geobotany University of Freiburg79104 FreiburgGermany

Aims Soil respiration(Rs)is a major process controlling soil carbon loss in forest ecosystems.However,the underlying mechanisms leading to variation in Rs along forest successional gradients are not well understood.In this study,we investigated the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on Rs along a forest successional gradient in southeast China.Methods We selected 16 plots stratified by forest age,ranging from 20 to 120 years.In each plot,six shallow collars and six deep collars were permanently inserted into the soil.Shallow and deep collars were used to measure Rs and heterotrophic respiration(Rh),respectively.Autotrophic soil respiration(Ra)was estimated as the difference between Rs and Rh.Litter layer respiration(R_(L))was calculated by subtracting soil respiration measured in collars without leaf litter layer(R_(NL))from Rs.Rs was measured every 2 months,and soil temperature(ST)and soil volumetric water content(SVWC)were recorded every hour for 19 months.We calculated daily Rs using an exponential model dependent on ST.Daily Rs was summed to obtain cumulative annual Rs estimates.Structural equation modelling(SEM)was applied to identify the drivers of Rs during forest succession.Important Findings Rs showed significant differences among three successive stages,and it was the highest in the young stage.Ra was higher in the young stage than in the medium stage.Cumulative annual Rs and Ra peaked in the young and old stages,respectively.Cumulative annual Rh and respiration measured from soil organic matter(R_(SOM))decreased,whereas R_(L)increased with forest age.The SEM revealed that cumulative annual Rs was influenced by fine root biomass and SVWC.Our results indicated that the dominant force regulating Rs on a seasonal scale is ST;however,on a successional scale,belowground carbon emerges as the dominant influential factor.

关键词： forest succession soil respiration fine root biomass soil temperature

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