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water and nutrient and energy systems in urbanizing watersheds

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第5期6卷 596-611页

作者： Rodrigo VILLARROEL wALkER Michael Bruce BECkl, jim w. HALL warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2152 USA Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Oxford University Centre for the Environment South Parks Road Oxford OXI 3QY UK

Driven by considerations of sustainability, it has become increasingly difficult over the past 15-20 years -- at least intellectually -- to separate out the water infrastructure and water metabolism of cities from their intimately inter-related nutrient and energy metabolisms. Much of the focus of this difficulty settles on the wastewater component of the city＇s water infrastructure and its associated fluxes of nutrients （N, P, C, and so on）. Indeed, notwithstanding the massive volumes of these materials flowing into and out of the city, the notion of an urban nutrient infrastructure is conspicuous by its absence. Likewise, we do not tend to discuss, or conduct research into, ＂soilshed＂ agencies, or soilshed management, or Integrated Nutrient Resources Management （as opposed to its most familiar companion, Integrated water Resources Management, or IwRM）. The paper summarizes some of the benefits （and challenges） deriving from adopting this broader, multi-sectoral ＂systems＂ perspective on addres- sing water-nutrient-energy systems in city-watershed settings. Such a perspective resonates with the growing interest in broader policy circles in what is called the ＂water-food-energy security nexus＂. The benefits and challenges of our Multi-sectoral Systems Analysis （MSA） are illustrated through computational results from two primary case studies： Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and London, Uk. Since our work is part of the International Network on Cities as Forces for Good in the Environment （CFG; see ***）, in which other case studies are currently being initiated -- for example, on kath- mandu, Nepal we close by reflecting upon these issues of water-nutrient-energy systems in three urban settings with quite different styles and speeds of development.

关键词： cities climate change energy sector nutrientsector systems analysis resource recovery water-food-energy security

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Highly efficient retinal gene delivery with helper-dependent adenoviral vectors

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Genes & Diseases 2014年第2期1卷 227-237页

作者： Simon lam Huibi Cao Jing wu Rongqi Duan jim Hu Physiology&Experimental Medicine Program Hospital for Sick ChildrenCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoCanada

There have been significant advancements in the field of retinal gene therapy in the past several *** particular,therapeutic efficacy has been achieved in three separate human clinical trials conducted to assess the ability of adeno-associated viruses(AAV)to treat of a type of Leber’s congenital amaurosis caused by RPE65 ***,despite the success of retinal gene therapy with AAV,challenges remain for delivering large therapeutic genes or genes requiring long DNA regulatory elements for controlling their *** example,Stargardt’s disease,a form of juvenile macular degeneration,is caused by defects in ABCA4,a gene that is too large to be packaged in ***,we investigated the ability of helper dependent adenovirus(HD-Ad)to deliver genes to the retina as it has a much larger transgene *** an EGFP reporter,our results showed that HD-Ad can transduce the entire retinal epithelium of a mouse using a dose of only 1105 infectious units and maintain transgene expression for at least 4 *** results demonstrate that HD-Ad has the potential to be an effective vector for the gene therapy of the retina.

关键词： Eye diseases Gene therapy Helper dependent adenoviral vector Retinal pigment epithelium Subretinal gene delivery

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SySTEMIC PATHOLOGIES OF CONFRONTATION:DIAGNOSING SECURITy DISRUPTION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2009年第4期18卷 423-436页

作者： jim BRyANT Sheffield Business School Sheffield Hallam University

The world post-9/11 is characterised by uncertainty, fear and suspicion. Psychological confrontations amplified by the mass media have even come to dominate physical engagements between warring parties. Drama theory provides a powerful framework for understanding these interactions in much the way that game theory was able to support strategy making by autonomous players in a less inter-connected era, A model of the ＇normal＇ process leading to dramatic resolution is an essential feature of the drama theory approach and is described here. However this process can be derailed or fail in many ways. This paper reviews many of these systemic pathologies and illustrates some Of them through consideration of three high-profile cases. The conclusion is that it is important to recognise and possibly to use pathological behavior as an element of a character＇s interaction strategy.

关键词： Drama theory confrontation conflict resolution systemic pathology

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肝细胞(HepG2)表面apoE代谢与蛋白多糖的影响

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中国医学科学院学报 2001年第4期23卷 320-323页

作者：梁平 jim w. Burgess 中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学基础医学研究所病理室北京100005 University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada K1Y4E9

目的探讨肝细胞表面载脂蛋白E(apoE)的代谢及蛋白多糖对其的影响。方法采用抗apoE单克隆抗体（7C9）特异性结合方法，分析肝素、硫酸软骨素和软骨素酶及xyloside 对HepG2细胞表面apoE结合与解离的影响。结果 HepG2细胞在含β-D-xylos... 详细信息

目的探讨肝细胞表面载脂蛋白E(apoE)的代谢及蛋白多糖对其的影响。方法采用抗apoE单克隆抗体（7C9）特异性结合方法，分析肝素、硫酸软骨素和软骨素酶及xyloside 对HepG2细胞表面apoE结合与解离的影响。结果 HepG2细胞在含β-D-xyloside的培养液中生长，细胞表面apoE可减少45%，而apoE分泌则增加4．3倍；与肝素酶（3 U/ml）或肝素(l mg/ml)一起孵育可分别减少细胞表面apoE 25．0%和30．5%，而与软骨素ABC酶（1．5 U/ml）孵育可减少细胞表面apoE 40%；硫酸软骨素A和B可分别减少细胞表面apoE 23．6%和15．3%，硫酸软骨素C则没有影响作用；氨基多糖减少细胞表面apoE后，可增加LDL对HepG2细胞表面的结合1．8倍。结论肝细胞表面apoE主要（约40%）通过硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖、小部分（约23%）通过硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖与细胞表面连接；细胞表面apoE水平降低可增加LDL与细胞表面的结合。

关键词：载脂蛋白E 蛋白多糖肝细胞

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Synthesis and characterization of carbon-TiO2-CeO2 composites and their applications in phenol degradation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2017年第6期35卷 551-558页

作者： y.Lara-López G.García-Rosales J.jiménez-Becerril Technological Institute of Toluca Posgrade and Research Division Ex-Rancho La Virgen S/N C.P. 50120 Metepec Mexico National Institute for NuclearResearch Chemistry Department. Carretera Mexico-Toluca S/N la Marquesa Ocoyoacac C.P. 52750 Mexico

The objective of this work was to synthesize particles of titanium oxide and cerium oxide supported on carbon, which was obtained through the pyrolysis of orange peel. The materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and the specific surface area from Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The photocatalytic properties of the synthesized materials were determined by the degradation of phenol in 30 mg/L aqueous solutions. TiO2-CeO2 particles were obtained with an average spherical size of 57 nm and were supported on the carbon surface; this material presented a specific surface area of 296 m2/g and degrades -40% of phenol after 240 min of UV irradiation.

关键词： phenol photocatalytic spherical pyrolysis irradiation Teller Brunauer ceria orange cerium

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巨噬细胞(THP-1)表面apoE特性及在细胞脂质代谢中的作用

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中国医学科学院学报 2001年第4期23卷 337-340页

作者：梁平 jim w. Burgess 中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学基础医学研究所病理室北京100005 University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada K1Y4E9

目的研究巨噬细胞表面apoE的特性及与脂蛋白代谢的关系，以进一步了解巨噬细胞在动脉粥样硬化发展过程中的作用。方法以抗apoE单克隆抗体（7C9，3H1）的特异性结合，分析乙酰LDL、肝素及硫酸软骨素酶、LiposynⅡ等因素对THP-2细胞表面... 详细信息

目的研究巨噬细胞表面apoE的特性及与脂蛋白代谢的关系，以进一步了解巨噬细胞在动脉粥样硬化发展过程中的作用。方法以抗apoE单克隆抗体（7C9，3H1）的特异性结合，分析乙酰LDL、肝素及硫酸软骨素酶、LiposynⅡ等因素对THP-2细胞表面apoE的影响及相互关系。结果经乙酰LDL作用后，在4℃时125I-7C9与细胞表面结合减少19%；而去除乙酰LDL后再37℃孵育2 h可增加结合25%。与乙酰LDL孵育可使细胞分泌至培养液中的apoE增加，并且呈时间依赖。肝素酶（3 U/ml）或硫酸软骨素酶ABC（0．75 U/ml）对未经乙酰LDL作用的THP-1细胞表面的apoE没有影响，对经乙酰LDL作用后的细胞肝素酶有轻微影响（与7C9结合下降7．9%），而硫酸软骨素酶孵育可使细胞表面apoE下降50%。LiposynⅡ可显著增加apoA1与THP1细胞表面的结合，增加的结合面可通过预先与3H1单抗孵育而被拮抗。结论 THP-1巨噬细胞表面apoE与细胞摄取胆固醇的过程及细胞表面的蛋白多糖代谢均有密切关系，可能还参与了apoA1脂质体与THP-1细胞表面结合过程，它们的相互作用可能会影响巨噬细胞的脂质代谢功能，进而可能对动脉粥样硬化的发展产生影响。

关键词：巨噬细胞载脂蛋白E 蛋白多糖细胞质代谢

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Critical role of risk management in ground engineering and opportunities for improvement

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第5期27卷 725-731页

作者： jim Galvin Mining Engineering University of New South WalesSydney 2283Australia

Green mining is concerned with mining in a sustainable manner, such that the needs of the present are met without compromising future generations. The achievement of this objective depends on balancing social, environmental and economic objectives and has to have regard to both active mining operations and legacy issues associated with mine closure. Ground engineering has a critical role in achieving green mining objectives but its contribution is characterised by pervasive uncertainty. Uncertainty equates to risk. This means that ground engineering should be practiced within a risk management framework that aims to both prevent unwanted outcomes and to mitigate their consequences to an acceptable level. This keynote address presents the fundamentals of risk management and demonstrates its effectiveness by reference to improvements in the safety performance of the NSw coal sector over the past three ***, ground control remains a mix of art and science, relying heavily on judgements which should be premised on knowledge, skill and experience(that is, competence). Risk management has now been enshrined in mining legislation and operating practice in Australia for over two *** this, near-hit and accident and incident investigations, commissions of inquiry and legal proceedings almost invariably identify deficiencies and opportunities for improvements necessary to achieve the objectives of sustainable mining. Three of the more important opportunities which have global application in relation to ground engineering are discussed. These relate to the vexing issue of defining competency in ground engineering; the criteria for undertaking rigorous risk assessment; and the need for ground engineers to become involved in mine rehabilitation and closure planning over the full life cycle of a mine, commencing at the prefeasibility stage.

关键词： Bow tie analysis Mine safety Mine closure Risk assessment Risk management Sustainable mining Uncertainty

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Interfacial tension studies between Fe-Cu-Ni sulfide and halo-norilsk basalt slag system

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第6期48卷 834-839页

作者： jim Mungall Department of Geology University of Toronto 22 Russell St Toronto Ontario M5S 3B1 Canada

The interfacial tension of the matte/halo-Norilsk basalt slag systems of FeS-Cu2S-Ni3S2 and FeO-FeS were investigated using the sessile drop technique. The results indicate that interfacial tension decreases with increasing copper and nickel contents in the matte of FeS-Cu2S-Ni3S2 system while it increases with increasing oxygen content in the matte of FeO-FeS system. It is inferred from these results that two conditions are critical for the formation of giant Cu-Ni sulfide deposits. One is that ma-fic-ultramafic parent magma of sulfide deposits should be rich in copper and nickel where due to the low interfacial tension, it is difficult to form sulfide droplet in the early stage of magma evolution. In other words, sulfide liquid conglomeration occurs more difficultly. The other condition is that the magma emplacement should be shallow; and a lot of faults occur in the magma emplacement field. Since oxygen content is high in the environment, interfacial tension is high, which helps sulfide liquid conglomeration and consequently Cu-Ni sulfide deposits form.

关键词： matte, slag, interfacial tension, Cu-Ni sulfide deposit.

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Turbulence modelling of the aerodynamic interaction ofOGV wakes and diffuser flow

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航空动力学报 2011年第10期26卷 2302-2312页

作者： Page Gary McGuirk jim Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Loughborough University

Different turbulence closures were used to predict the flow interaction between the wakes created by compressor outlet guide vanes(OGVs) and a downstream annular *** statistical turbulence models were tested based on the classical Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) *** high-Re and low-Re(Launder-Sharma) versions of the k-ε model were applied to a selected test problem for OGV wake/diffuser *** test problem was specifically chosen because experimentally determined inlet conditions and both profile and performance data were available to validate predictions.A preliminary study was also reported of the more advanced large eddy simulation(LES) *** LES sub-grid-scale(SGS) model was the basic Smagorinsky eddy viscosity assumption,with a Van-Driest damping function for improved capture of near-wall viscous *** between the two RANS models showed little difference in terms of velocity contours at OGV trailing edge and diffuser *** terms of overall diffuser performance(static pressure recovery and total pressure loss coefficients),the high-Re model was shown to agree well with experimental *** preliminary LES study indicates the highly unsteady character of the OGV wake flow,but requires improved treatment of inlet conditions.

关键词： outlet guide vane(OGV) wakes diffuser flow interaction Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) modelling large eddy simulation(LES) modelling

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Disentangling multiple scattering with deep learning:application to strain mapping from electron diffraction patterns

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2419-2433页

作者： Joydeep Munshi Alexander Rakowski Benjamin H.Savitzky Steven E.Zeltmann jim Ciston Matthew Henderson Shreyas Cholia Andrew M.Minor Maria k.y.Chan Colin Ophus Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne DrWoodridge60517ILUSA National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeley94720CAUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyBerkeley94720CAUSA Scientific Data Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeley94720CAUSA

A fast,robust pipeline for strain mapping of crystalline materials is important for many technological *** electron nanodiffraction allows us to calculate strain maps with high accuracy and spatial resolutions,but this technique is limited when the electron beam undergoes multiple ***-learning methods have the potential to invert these complex signals,but require a large number of training *** implement a Fourier space,complex-valued deep-neural network,FCU-Net,to invert highly nonlinear electron diffraction patterns into the corresponding quantitative structure factor ***-Net was trained using over 200,000 unique simulated dynamical diffraction patterns from different combinations of crystal structures,orientations,thicknesses,and microscope parameters,which are augmented with experimental *** evaluated FCU-Net against simulated and experimental datasets,where it substantially outperforms conventional analysis *** code,models,and training library are open-source and may be adapted to different diffraction measurement problems.

关键词： valued adapted crystalline

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