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Pacing profiles and tactical behaviors of elite runners

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第5期10卷 537-549页

作者： Arturo Casado Brian Hanley Pedro jimenez-Reyes Andrew Renfree Faculty of Health Sciences Isabel I UniversityBurgos 09003Spain Carnegie School of Sports Leeds Beckett UniversityLeeds LS63QSUK Centre for Sport Studies Rey Juan Carlos UniversityMadrid 28943Spain Institute of Sport and Exercise Science University of WorcesterWorcester WR26AJUK

The pacing behaviors used by elite athletes differ among individual sports,necessitating the study of sport-specific pacing ***,pacing behaviors adopted by elite runners differ depending on race ***“all-out”strategy,characterized by initial rapid acceleration and reduction in speed in the later stages,is observed during 100 m and 200 m events;400 m runners also display positive pacing patterns,which is characterized by a reduction in speed throughout the ***,800 m runners typically adopt a positive pacing strategy during paced“meet”***,during championship races,depending on the tactical approaches used by dominant athletes,pacing can be either positive or negative(characterized by an increase in speed throughout).A U-shaped pacing strategy(characterized by a faster start and end than during the middle part of the race)is evident during world record performances at meet races in 1500 m,5000 m,and 10,000 m *** a parabolic J-shaped pacing profile(in which the start is faster than the middle part of the race but is slower than the endspurt)can be observed during championship 1500 m races,a negative pacing strategy with microvariations of pace is adopted by 5000 m and 10,000 m runners in championship *** cross country and marathon championship races are characterized by a positive pacing strategy;whereas a U-shaped pacing strategy,which is the result of a fast endspurt,is adopted by 3000 m steeplechasers and half *** contrast,recent world record marathon performances have been characterized by even pacing,which emphasizes the differences between championship and meet races at distances longer than 800 *** reviewed suggest further recommendations for *** the whole race,800 m runners should avoid running wide on the *** turn,during major championship events,1500 m,5000 m,and 10,000 m runners should try to run close to the inside of the track as much as possible during t

关键词： Athletics Distance running Pacing Sprinting

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更完善的G20和全新的G7＋：新世纪的需要

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世界经济研究 2015年第4期 121-126页

作者： jim o'Neill Alessio Terzi 岳韦张薇 Bruegel 不详

2008年金融危机期间,G20集团匆匆升级为"全球经济指导委员会"。在危机初期,G20集团是个有效遏制危机的组织。随着危机的减缓,G20集团既迷失了方向也失去了动力。各国政要认为没有必要再全力一致行动,转而关注各自的国内要务,他们认为这... 详细信息

2008年金融危机期间,G20集团匆匆升级为"全球经济指导委员会"。在危机初期,G20集团是个有效遏制危机的组织。随着危机的减缓,G20集团既迷失了方向也失去了动力。各国政要认为没有必要再全力一致行动,转而关注各自的国内要务,他们认为这才是他们的职责所在。其实,有效的全球管理是长期的需要,并不仅限于危机期间。我们需要一种更具代表性、更有效的全球管理机制来预防危机,而不仅仅是对危机作出反应。

关键词： G20集团管理机制危机期 2008年全球经济一致行动委员会金融

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Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals: The role of resistance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第29期22卷 6573-6581页

作者： Miguel jiménez-Pérez Rocío González-Grande Pilar Espana Contreras Isabel Pinazo Martínez Jesús de la Cruz Lombardo Raúl olmedo Martín UGC de Aparato Digestivo Unidad de Hepatologia-Trasplante Hepatico Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga 29010 Malaga Spain Liver transplantation and hepatology unit UGC de Aparato Digestivo Hospital Regional Universitario 29010 Malaga Spain

The use of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs) to treat chronic hepatitis C has resulted in a significant increase in rates of sustained viral response(around 90%-95%) as compared with the standard treatment of peginterferon/ribavirin. Despite this, however, the rates of therapeutic failure in daily clinical practice range from 10%-15%. Most of these cases are due to the presence of resistant viral variants, resulting from mutations produced by substitutions of amino acids in the viral target protein that reduce viral sensitivity to DAAs, thus limiting the efficacy of these drugs. The high genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus has resulted in the existence of resistance-associated variants(RAVs), sometimes even before starting treatment with DAAs, though generally at low levels. These preexisting RAVs do not appear to impact on the sustained viral response, whereas those that appear after DAA therapy could well be determinant in virological failure with future treatments. As well as the presence of RAVs, virological failure to treatment with DAAs is generally associated with other factors related with a poor response, such as the degree of fibrosis, the response to previous therapy, the viral load or the viral genotype. Nonetheless, viral breakthrough and relapse can still occur in the absence of detectable RAVs and after the use of highly effective DAAs, so that the true clinical impact of the presence of RAVs in therapeutic failure remains to be determined.

关键词： Direct-acting antivirals Resistance Treatment Hepatitis C virus

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空气污染对儿童及其父母呼吸系统健康的影响

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中国环境科学 2000年第5期20卷 425-428页

作者：胡伟魏复盛滕恩江吴国平 jim Zhang Robert S. Chapman 中国环境监测总站北京100029 P.o.Box 1179 Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Piscataway. Mail Drop 52 National Center for Environmental Assessment-RTP

根据空气污染数据对广州、武汉、兰州、重庆4城市8个点位进行了空气污染的聚类分析,并按空气污染程度进行了排序.在此基础上,分析了空气污染程度与儿童及其父母呼吸系统健康的关系.发现儿童11种患病率随空气污染程度加重而呈上升趋势.... 详细信息

根据空气污染数据对广州、武汉、兰州、重庆4城市8个点位进行了空气污染的聚类分析,并按空气污染程度进行了排序.在此基础上,分析了空气污染程度与儿童及其父母呼吸系统健康的关系.发现儿童11种患病率随空气污染程度加重而呈上升趋势.污染最重组的患病率是污染较轻组的1.71(3.95倍.污染最重组的比数比(即oR值)是污染较轻组的3.313(6.942倍.空气污染对儿童父母的呼吸系统患病率也有轻度至中度的影响.

关键词：空气污染聚类分析儿童呼吸系统健康

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Indigestible fraction of guava fruit:Phenolic profile,colonic fermentation and effect on HT-29 cells

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Food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 563-571页

作者： Francisco J.Blancas-Benitez Jara P´erez-jim´enez JAdriana Sa˜nudo-Barajas Nuria E.Rocha-Guzm´an Gustavo A.Gonz´alez-Aguilar Juscelino Tovar Sonia G.S´ayago-Ayerdi Tecnol´ogico Nacional de M´exico/Instituto Tecnol´ogico de Tepic Laboratorio Integral de Investigaci´on en AlimentosAv.Tecnol´ogico 2595CP 63175TepicNayaritMexico Institute of Food Science Technology and Nutrition(ICTAN-CSIC)Jos´e Antonio Novais 1028040MadridSpain Centro de Investigaci´on en Alimentaci´on y Desarrollo A.C.Unidad Culiac´an.ApdoPostal 32-A.80129Culiac´anSinaloaMexico Tecnol´ogico Nacional de M´exico/Instituto Tecnol´ogico de Durango Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica BlvdFelipe Pescador 1830Ote.Col.Nueva VizcayaCP 3408078000DurangoDgo.Mexico Coordinaci´on de Tecnología de Alimentos de origen Vegetal Lab.de Antioxidantes y Alimentos FuncionalesCentro de Investigaci´on en Alimentaci´on y DesarrolloA.C.Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6Col.La VictoriaHermosillo Sonora83000Mexico Department of Food Technology Engineering and NutritionLund UniversityP.O.Box 124SE-22100LundSweden

Guava fruit is rich in phenolic compounds(PCs),whose metabolic fate has not been ***-digestible carbohydrates and PCs in whole guava(WG)and seedless guava(SG)were submitted to an in vitro colonic fermentation,followed by evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity of the fermentation extracts in HT-29 cancer cell *** main PCs in both samples were(+)-gallocatechin and gallic acid,while procyanidin B was the most abundant one associated with soluble indigestible fraction and quercetin predominated in the insoluble indigestible *** fermentability index at 24 h was 78.84%in WG and 84.74%for SG,near to the value for raffinose used as reference,with butyric acid as the main short chain fatty acids(SCFA)*** greatest antiproliferative effects were observed in the SG at 12 h of fermentation and WG at 24 h of *** results allow to suggest consumption of guava fruit,either with or without seeds,as a feasible way to maintain colonic health.

关键词： Short chain fatty acids(SCFA) Phenolic compounds Indigestible fraction In vitro colonic fermentation Antiproliferative Psidium guajava L

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Sleep Deprivation Affects Working Memory in Low but Not in High Complexity for the N-Back Test

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2012年第4期3卷 380-386页

作者： Guadalupe J. Terán-Pérez Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras Rosa o. González-Robles Rosario Tarrago-Castellanos Roberto E. Mercadillo Anabel jiménez-Anguiano Javier Velázquez-Moctezuma Department of Reproductive Biology Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Iztapalapa México Institute of Neurobiology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City México Laboratorio de Neurogenómica Cognitiva Laboratorio de Psicofisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City México Mathematic Department Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Iztapalapa México Sleep Disorder Laboratory Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Iztapalapa México

Sleep clearly influences learning and memory since sleep deprivation and stress impairs both cognitive processes. Working memory is an essential cognitive process and refers to a short-term holding of incoming information required to update the long-term mnemonic storage and to manipulate new elements in order to solve problems and make decisions. Nevertheless, the influence of sleep deprivation on working memory has scarcely been studied. In this study we evaluated working memory using the N-back test after increasing periods of wakefulness. Healthy young males were kept awake for 36 hours and the two N-back tasks with low (1-Back) and high (3-Back) levels of complexity were applied every 6 hours. Additionally, salivary cortisol was determined along the study. Unlike the control non-deprived participants, the sleep deprived volunteers showed a significant decrease in their efficiency to solve the 1-Back task after 24 hours of sleep deprivation. However, no differences were observed after 30 and 36 hours of sleep deprivation. Concerning the 3-Back task no differences were observed after sleep deprivation. Regarding reaction time, the deprived group manifested slower responses for the 1-Back task and for the 3-Back task after 30 hours and 36 hours of sleep deprivation, respectively. Cortisol levels presented the normal daily oscillation and no differences were observed between groups. This data suggests that sleep deprivation affects basal states of attention instead of working memory while performing simple tasks. The impact of sleep deprivation on the cognitive performance depends on the moment of day when the task is applied and the complexity of the tests used to assess these mnemonic skills.

关键词： Sleep Deprivation Working Memory Cortisol Levels N-Back Task Stress

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Taphonomic characterisation of tooth marks of extinct Eurasian carnivores through geometric morphometrics

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Science Bulletin 2022年第16期67卷 1644-1648,M0003,M0004页

作者： José Yravedra Lloyd Austin Courtenay Darío Herranz-Rodrigo Gonzalo Linares-Matás Juan JoséRodríguez-Alba Verónica Estaca-Gómez Carmen Luzón Alexia Serrano-Ramos MiguelÁngel Maté-González JoséAntonio Solano Diego González-Aguilera Juan Manuel jiménez-Arenas Department of Prehistory Ancient History and ArchaeologyComplutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain C.A.I.Archaeometry and Archaeological Analysis Complutense UniversityMadrid 28040Spain Grupo de Investigación Ecosistemas Cuaternarios Complutense UniversityMadrid 28040Spain Grupo de Investigación Arqueología Prehistórica Complutense UniversityMadrid 28040Spain Museo Primeros Pobladores de Europa‘Josep Gibert’ Orce 18858Spain Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering Higher Polytechnic School of AvilaUniversity of SalamancaAvila 05003Spain School of Archaeology St.Hugh’s CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxford 01865United Kingdom History and Arts Doctoral Program University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros en Topografía Geodesia y Cartografía.Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid 28031Spain Department of Prehistory and Archaeology University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain

Determining the cause and nature of the postmortem processes that living organisms experience is one of the main common issues faced by forensic experts,zooarchaeologists,palaeontologists,and other *** are among the most destructive agents that can interact with a corpse,since their feeding behaviour can lead to very extensive alterations,complicating the diagnostic identification of which carnivore species was responsible for the death of an individual,a livestock unit,or the formation of a fossil *** though some currently available techniques enable forensic experts to undertake a differential diagnosis of carnivore agency from corpse examination.

关键词：几何形态测量学埋藏特征有蹄类动物齿痕几何形态学机器学习分类预测多变量分析

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直面内在的敌人

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新世纪智能 2018年第9期 23-24页

作者： jim Rohn 不详

我们的勇气并不是与生俱来的,我们的恐惧也不是。也许有些恐惧来自你的亲身经历,来自别人告诉你的故事,或你在报纸上读到的东西。有些恐惧可以理解,例如在凌晨两点独自走在城里不安全的地段。但是一旦你学会避免那种情况,你就不必生活... 详细信息

我们的勇气并不是与生俱来的,我们的恐惧也不是。也许有些恐惧来自你的亲身经历,来自别人告诉你的故事,或你在报纸上读到的东西。有些恐惧可以理解,例如在凌晨两点独自走在城里不安全的地段。但是一旦你学会避免那种情况,你就不必生活在恐惧之中。

关键词：勇气亲身经历敌人情况地段学会报纸

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SoLID STATE NMR STUDY oF HYDRoUS RUTHENIUM oXIDE ELECTRoDE MATERIALS

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波谱学杂志 2002年第1期19卷 87-87页

作者： Riqiang FU Zhiru MA jim P.ZHENG Center for Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance National High Magnetic Field Laboratory1800 East Paul Dirac DriveTallahasseeFL 32310USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida A&M University and Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32310USA.

Hydrous ruthenium oxides (Ruo2·xH2o) have attracted great interests recently because of important technological applications in high-charge storage-capacity devices (e.g. Electrochemical capacitors)[1].

关键词： NMR SoLID STATE NMR STUDY oF HYDRoUS RUTHENIUM oXIDE ELECTRoDE MATERIALS

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绸缪国际货币新体系

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中国改革 2010年第5期 60-61页

作者：吉姆·奥尼尔(jim o'Neill) 邵洪波(翻译) 高盛不详

未来有望出现一种新的货币，比如改良后的特点提款权（SDR）。

关键词：国际货币体系国别货币 SDR 提款

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