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The clutch size,incubation behavior of Reeves’s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) and their responses to ambient temperature and precipitation

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 72-80页

作者： Ting Jin Shuai Lu Yunqi Wang Junqin Hua Zhengxiao Liu Qian Hu Yating Liu Yuze Zhao Jianqiang Li jiliang xu School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China

Weather conditions play a pivotal role in embryo development and parental incubation costs,potentially impacting the clutch size and incubation behavior of *** these effects is crucial for bird ***’ s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) is a threatened species endemic to China,which is characterized by female-only ***,there is a lack of information regarding the impact of weather conditions on clutch size and incubation behavior in this *** satellite tracking,we tracked 27 wild female Reeves’ s Pheasants from 2020 to 2023 in Hubei Province,*** explored their clutch size and incubation behavior,as well as their responses to ambient temperature and *** size averaged 7.75 ±1.36,had an association with average ambient temperature and average daily precipitation during the egglaying period,and was potentially linked to female breeding *** the incubation period,females took an average of 0.73 ±0.46 recesses every 24 h,with an average recess duration of 100.80 ±73.37 min and an average nest attendance of 92.98 ±5.27%.They showed a unimodal recess pattern in which nest departures peaked primarily between 13:00 and 16:***,females rarely left nests when daily precipitation was *** duration and nest attendance were influenced by the interaction between daily mean ambient temperature and daily precipitation,as well as day of ***,there was a positive correlation between clutch size and recess *** results contribute valuable insights into the lifehistory features of this endangered species.

关键词： Ambient temperature Clutch size Incubation behavior Precipitation Reeves’s Pheasant

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黄河流域国家级自然保护区生态系统服务功能评估

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北京林业大学学报 2024年第7期46卷 90-100页

作者：王金凤徐洁徐基良安丽丹北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院北京100083 国家林业和草原局国家公园(自然保护地)发展中心北京100714

【目的】研究黄河流域国家级自然保护区生态系统服务功能的时空变化特征,为制定有效的生态保护策略提供科学依据。【方法】以黄河流域国家级自然保护区为研究对象,采用InVEST模型,分析并评估其水源供给、土壤保持、碳储存和生境质量4项... 详细信息

【目的】研究黄河流域国家级自然保护区生态系统服务功能的时空变化特征,为制定有效的生态保护策略提供科学依据。【方法】以黄河流域国家级自然保护区为研究对象,采用InVEST模型,分析并评估其水源供给、土壤保持、碳储存和生境质量4项生态系统服务功能。【结果】(1)2000—2020年,黄河流域国家级自然保护区的水源供给量和平均生境质量指数呈现出先减少后增加的变化,土壤保持量表现为逐期下降,碳密度随着时间的推移先增加后减少。降水和土地覆被变化是影响生态系统服务功能变化的主要因素。(2)受黄河流域地区城市化快速发展的影响,国家级自然保护区的综合生态系统服务功能随时间推移逐渐减弱,在空间上表现为从黄河流域上游向下游逐渐增强。【结论】面对黄河流域的复杂生态环境风险问题,建议强化全流域的水资源管理,合理开发利用土地资源以提高土地利用效益。注重植被保护和自然恢复,完善全流域的生态补偿机制,并采取因地制宜的保护措施。通过这些措施,以促进区域生态环境和经济社会协调可持续发展。

关键词：生态系统服务功能国家级自然保护区黄河流域 InVEST模型

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极端土地利用变化和降雨类型影响下洪水特征响应分析

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水资源与水工程学报 2024年第3期35卷 1-10页

作者：梁霄许继良许月萍周焕刘甜浙江大学建筑工程学院浙江杭州310058 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院有限责任公司浙江杭州310002

为降低洪涝灾害影响、提高对洪水灾害的防御能力,评估极端土地利用变化和降雨类型对洪水特征的影响至关重要。基于分布式水文-土壤-植被模型DHSVM对浙江省汤浦水库上游流域20场洪水进行入库洪水建模,并采用模糊决策树法将洪水划分为快... 详细信息

为降低洪涝灾害影响、提高对洪水灾害的防御能力,评估极端土地利用变化和降雨类型对洪水特征的影响至关重要。基于分布式水文-土壤-植被模型DHSVM对浙江省汤浦水库上游流域20场洪水进行入库洪水建模,并采用模糊决策树法将洪水划分为快速洪水、短历时降雨洪水和长历时降雨洪水3种类型,研究极端土地利用和降雨类型对各类型洪水的特征指标影响。结果表明:DHSVM模型模拟效果较好,率定期和验证期各场次洪水纳什效率系数均值大于0.7。受区域内耕地面积影响,退耕还林和退耕还草对洪峰和洪量的消减作用皆小于2%。快速洪水的洪峰对下垫面变化最敏感,在退林还耕和城市扩张的极端土地利用变化下其洪峰平均增长率分别为12.87%和60.88%。下垫面变化对长历时降雨洪水的洪量影响最大,在退林还耕和城市扩张情境下其洪量平均增长率分别为10.48%和20.70%。城市扩张情景使得峰现时间平均提前2.10 h,降雨类型改变使得快速-短历时洪水开始时间平均延迟3.63 h,洪峰减小34.73%;短历时-快速洪水开始时间平均提前7.11 h,洪峰增大22.87%。

关键词：极端土地利用变化雨型 DHSVM模型洪水分类洪水特征

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基于实证分析中国自然保护区地方立法问题检视和优化路径

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生物多样性 2024年第2期32卷 161-167页

作者：所翟俞渃茜李媛辉徐基良北京林业大学人文社会科学学院北京100083 北京林业大学林业和草原法治研究中心北京100083 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院北京100083

地方立法是中国自然保护区法律体系的重要组成部分。中国自然保护区地方立法从数量上看已不少,但整体上与当前生态文明建设和自然保护区管理提质增效的要求尚有一定差距。本文通过对116部中国自然保护区地方法律规范的实证分析发现,自... 详细信息

地方立法是中国自然保护区法律体系的重要组成部分。中国自然保护区地方立法从数量上看已不少,但整体上与当前生态文明建设和自然保护区管理提质增效的要求尚有一定差距。本文通过对116部中国自然保护区地方法律规范的实证分析发现,自然保护区地方立法主要呈现立法时间跨度较大、立法数量新时期增长较快、立法地域分布广泛、立法模式上综合性与专门性相结合等特征。当前,自然保护区地方立法面临着过时立法、抵触立法、重复立法等诸多问题。为有效破解上述难题,可尝试从立法清理和立法特色两个维度下功夫,加快地方立法清理的工作进程,突出地方立法特色,提升中国自然保护区地方立法质效。

关键词：自然保护区地方立法立法清理立法特色

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基于TC-YOLO模型的北京珍稀鸟类识别方法

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生物多样性 2024年第5期32卷 123-137页

作者：李柏灿张军国张长春王丽凤徐基良刘利北京林业大学工学院北京100083 林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室北京100083 林业装备与自动化国家林业和草原局重点实验室北京100083 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院北京100083 包头师范学院生物科学与技术学院内蒙古包头014030

北京地区珍稀鸟类的保护对维护当地生物多样性具有重要意义。随着人工智能技术的发展,利用深度学习技术自动识别鸟类成为鸟类调查保护的重要手段。实际鸟类图像存在背景复杂以及相近科属鸟类具有外观相似等特点,导致模型识别精度不佳。... 详细信息

北京地区珍稀鸟类的保护对维护当地生物多样性具有重要意义。随着人工智能技术的发展,利用深度学习技术自动识别鸟类成为鸟类调查保护的重要手段。实际鸟类图像存在背景复杂以及相近科属鸟类具有外观相似等特点,导致模型识别精度不佳。针对以上问题,本文提出一种基于TC-YOLO模型的鸟类识别方法。首先,为解决鸟类识别中复杂背景导致的漏检问题,本文方法结合CARAFE(content-aware reassembly of features)机制,自适应生成不同特征点所对应的上采样核,在更大的感受野内聚合上下文语义信息,有效聚焦鸟类前景区域。其次,为解决鸟类识别中相似外观导致的误检问题,本文方法引入TSCODE(task-specificcontextdecoupling)解耦定位和分类任务,通过获取多层级特征图的信息以回归目标边界,并利用包含底层纹理和高层语义的特征进行物种分类,进而提高模型的鸟类识别精度。最后,本文开展对比实验以验证模型的性能。实验结果表明,TC-YOLO模型的平均精度均值在包含北京地区28种国家一级保护鸟类的自建数据集Beijing-28和鸟类公开数据集CUB200-2011上分别达到78.7%和75.3%,均优于已有方法,而且在公开数据集MS COCO上验证了TC-YOLO模型拥有较强的泛化性。本文提出的TC-YOLO模型对背景复杂或外观相似的鸟类图像都能有效识别,漏检率和误检率较低,能够为鸟类保护提供重要技术支撑。

关键词：珍稀鸟类图像识别 YOLOv5s 上采样解耦头

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基于数值模拟方法的滑坡稳定性分析

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山西建筑 2024年第11期50卷 63-67页

作者：徐继亮马泽瑞涂鹏飞三峡大学土木与建筑学院湖北宜昌443002 三峡大学三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室湖北宜昌443002

通过滑坡的变形监测数据、无人机影像和勘察资料等数据获得滑坡三维地形数据,基于MatDEM离散元软件建立三维模型模拟分析滑坡在变形运动中的位移场和速度场变化,讨论其致灾机理及稳定性,结果表明:该滑坡属于由推移式转到牵引式的复合式... 详细信息

通过滑坡的变形监测数据、无人机影像和勘察资料等数据获得滑坡三维地形数据,基于MatDEM离散元软件建立三维模型模拟分析滑坡在变形运动中的位移场和速度场变化,讨论其致灾机理及稳定性,结果表明:该滑坡属于由推移式转到牵引式的复合式滑坡类型,滑坡前缘的坡脚最先发生破坏,在发生破坏后还会带动滑坡中段形成多处台阶式的错动,进而导致滑坡后缘的剧烈变形。建议通过格构(锚索)浆砌片石护坡和被动网共同作用来实现治理,或者通过抗滑桩、格构浆砌片石护坡和被动网共同作用实现治理。

关键词：数值模拟滑坡稳定性分析三峡库区

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Co_(78)Si_(8)B_(14)metallic glass:A highly efficient and ultra-sustainable Fenton-like catalyst in degrading wastewater under universal pH conditions

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第18期113卷 105-116页

作者： Xindong Qin jiliang xu Zhengwang Zhu Zhengkun Li Dawei Fang Huameng Fu Shiming Zhang Haifeng Zhang Institute of Rare and Scattered Elements College of ChemistryLiaoning UniversityShenyang 110036China Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Qingdao Yunlu Advanced Materials Technology Co. Ltd.Qingdao 266232China

Overcoming the pH limitation and increasing the catalyst reusability remain pressing demands for metal-lic glass(MG)in wastewater ***,Co_(78)Si_(8)B_(14)MG ribbons are used to degrade dye wastew-ater by activating hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))as Fenton-like *** Co-based MG catalysts exhibit high degradation efficiency under both acidic and alkaline conditions,and the kinetic reaction rate at pH 10(0.176 min^(−1)) and pH 4(0.089 min^(−1)) is 5.9 and 1.2 times higher than that of the extensively studied Fe-based MG catalysts,***,the Co-based MG catalysts can be reused up to 20-60 times at universal pH conditions,demonstrating fairly good *** newly discovered Co-based MG catalysts do not follow the classical Fenton reactions with H_(2)O^(2) the way Fe-based MGs *** an acid environment,hydroxyl radicals play a dominant role in the degradation,while in an alkaline environ-ment,the effect of hydroxyl radicals is weakened,and Co^(3+) ions exert a relatively major function on the *** excellent performance in catalytic activity and reusability at universal pH conditions of the Co-based MGs will inspire the development of MGs in wastewater treatment.

关键词： Metallic glass Wastewater degradation Catalytic applications

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COVID-19 lockdown has indirect,non-equivalent effects on activity patterns of Reeves's Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)and sympatric species

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 231-241页

作者： Junqin Hua Shan Tian Shuai Lu Ziqiang Zhu Xinjie Huang Jisong Tao Jianqiang Li jiliang xu School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Henan Liankangshan National Nature Reserve Xinyang464000China

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought massive shifts in human activities through a global blockade,directly affecting wildlife ***,the indirect impacts of changes in human activities are often easily *** conducted surveys of Reeves's Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)and its sympatric species by camera traps in forest-type nature reserves in three different scenarios:pre-lockdown,lockdown and *** increase in livestock activities observed during the lockdown and post-lockdown period in our study area provided us an opportunity to investigate the indirect impact of the lockdown on *** prelockdown period was used as a baseline to compare any changes in trends of relative abundance index,activity patterns and temporal spacing of targeted species and *** the lockdown period,the relative abundance index of livestock increased by 50%and there was an increase in daytime ***'s Pheasant showed avoidance responses to almost all sympatric species and livestock in three different periods,and the livestock avoidance level of Reeves's Pheasant during the lockdown period was significantly and positively correlated with the relative abundance index of ***-specific changes in activity patterns of study species were observed,with reduced daytime activities of Hog Badger and Raccoon Dog during and after the confinement *** study highlights the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on the responses of wildlife by considering the changes in their temporal and spatial use before,during and after *** knowledge gained on wildlife during reduced human mobility because of the pandemic aids in understanding the effect of human disturbances and developing future conservation strategies in the shared space,to manage both wildlife and livestock.

关键词： Avoidance-attraction ratios Camera trap Livestock Spatio-temporal activity pattern Temporal spacing

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Functional and phylogenetic structures of pheasants in China

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 229-238页

作者： Hongyan Yao Pengcheng Wang Nan Wang Philip J.K.McGowan Xingfeng Si Jianqiang Li jiliang xu School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal University1 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastleNE17RUUK Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China

Biodiversity has been subjected to increasing anthropogenic *** is critical to understand the different processes that govern community assembly and species coexistence under biogeographic processes and anthropogenic ***(Aves:Phasianidae)are highly threatened birds and China supports the richest pheasant species *** the spatial patterns and underlying factors associated with multidimensional biodiversity of species richness(SR),functional diversity(FD),and phylogenetic diversity(PD)of pheasants in China is helpful to understand not only the processes that govern pheasant community assembly and species coexistence,but also pheasant biodiversity *** used a total of 45 pheasant species in China and analyzed the SR,FD,PD,and functional and phylogenetic structures by integrating species distribution maps,functional traits and phylogenies based on 50 km×50 km grid *** further used simultaneous autoregressive(SAR)models to explore the factors that determined these *** southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP),Hengduan Mountains,southwestern Mountains,the east of the Qilian Mountains,the Qinling,southern China displayed higher SR,FD,and PD,which were determined by elevation,habitat heterogeneity,temperature seasonality,and vegetation *** primarily determined the functional and phylogenetic structures of the pheasant *** in the highlands were marked by functional and phylogenetic clustering,particularly in the QTP,whereas the lowlands in eastern China comprised community *** pheasant assemblages were composed of young *** of functional and phylogenetic structures and richness-controlled functional and phylogenetic diversity differed between regions,suggesting that phylogenetic structures are not a good proxy for identifying functional *** revealed the significant role of elevation in pheasant community assemblages in *** inter

关键词： China Community assembly Environmental filtering Functional traits Pheasants Phylogeny Species richness

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Sex-speciffc selective effect of winter weather on morphological traits in a small passerine bird

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 166-173页

作者： Yue Wang Qian Hu jiliang xu Jianqiang Li School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina

Harsh environmental conditions often impose strong selection on the phenotype of natural populations through impacts on their *** overwintering birds,winter is an important period for survival because the weather conditions in winter is usually severer than in other seasons and birds often suffer more thermoregulation costs while food is in short ***,the selective effect of weather conditions on phenotype in winter is expected to be *** this study,we examined the relationship of overwinter survival of Silver-throated Tits(Aegithalos glaucogularis)with their morphological traits under different levels of winter conditions(winters with and without snowstorms)to explore the differential selective effect of winter weather on their *** found that regardless of whether the winter experienced a snowstorm,the female Silver-throated Tits with a smaller bill surface area or smaller bill depth and a smaller surface area:volume ratio were more likely to survive during the winter,which supported the hypothesis of selection for heat ***,the females with a smaller body length survived better than the larger females,indicating that the lesser food requirements for smaller body sizes may confer advantages during the winter when food availability was *** addition,in agreement with the finding in many short-lived birds that survival rate increases with the increase of age,older(≥2-year-old)female Silver-throated Tits had higher overwinter survival than 1-year-old ***,we did not find any correlation of morphological traits and age with survival in male Silver-throated *** results illustrate differential selective effects of winter weather on female and male Silver-throated Tits and contribute to the knowledge of sex-specific selection on the phenotype of natural populations.

关键词： Aegithalos glaucogularis Age Morphological traits Natural selection Overwinter survival Sex-specific selection

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