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海三棱藨草基因型多样性对种群营养生长和繁殖策略的影响

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生物多样性 2024年第4期32卷 1-12页

作者：吴乐婕刘泽康田星张群李博吴纪华复旦大学生命科学学院生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室上海长江河口湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站上海200438 西藏大学理学院生态学研究中心西藏大学-复旦大学生物多样性与全球变化联合实验室拉萨850000 上海市园林科学规划研究院上海200232

遗传多样性可提高种群生产力,然而遗传多样性如何综合影响植物的营养生长、有性繁殖和无性繁殖特性及分配策略缺乏充分关注,而植物生长繁殖的响应往往会决定一个种群未来的发展动态。本研究以中国滨海湿地植物海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqu... 详细信息

遗传多样性可提高种群生产力,然而遗传多样性如何综合影响植物的营养生长、有性繁殖和无性繁殖特性及分配策略缺乏充分关注,而植物生长繁殖的响应往往会决定一个种群未来的发展动态。本研究以中国滨海湿地植物海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)为材料,通过建立1、2、4和8个基因型多样性梯度的同密度实验,测定植物生物量以及营养生长、有性繁殖和无性繁殖相关特性,探究了基因型多样性对种群营养生长和繁殖策略的影响。结果表明,基因型多样性的增加显著提升了海三棱藨草种群的地上、地下生物量和株高。基因型多样性不影响有性繁殖,但显著提高了无性繁殖能力。球茎数、球茎生物量和无性系分株数均随基因型多样性的增加呈显著增加趋势。可见随着基因型多样性的增加,海三棱藨草种群将更多的能量分配给无性繁殖。据此预测,基因型多样性高的海三棱藨草种群在维持种子库规模以进行长距离扩散的同时,可形成更高大且密集的种群斑块,具备更强的原地拓殖能力,继而影响盐沼生态系统过程。本研究结果强调了植物基因型多样性在种群动态中的重要作用,尤其在盐沼湿地等以单优势物种为主的生态系统中,对生态系统的稳定性具有重要作用。

关键词：基因型多样性有性繁殖无性繁殖加和效应盐沼土壤生物生物量生物多样性与生态系统功能

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基于对抗注意力机制的水下遮挡目标检测算法

计算机工程 2024年第10期50卷 313-321页

作者：罗偲李凯扬吴吉花任鹏中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院山东青岛266580

水下环境复杂,遮挡目标信息缺失严重而难以提取到足够的特征信息,导致水下遮挡目标易被漏检。为解决该问题,提出一种基于对抗注意力机制的水下目标检测算法。以Faster R-CNN算法为框架,提出基于空间注意力机制的对抗生成遮挡样本网络(AO... 详细信息

水下环境复杂,遮挡目标信息缺失严重而难以提取到足够的特征信息,导致水下遮挡目标易被漏检。为解决该问题,提出一种基于对抗注意力机制的水下目标检测算法。以Faster R-CNN算法为框架,提出基于空间注意力机制的对抗生成遮挡样本网络(AOGN)。AOGN与Faster R-CNN网络相互竞争,通过三阶段训练过程,在不增加推理负担的情况下学习生成检测网络难以正确区分的样本,提高Faster R-CNN网络对水下遮挡目标的检测精度。使用Focal loss增加困难样本的损失比重,解决水下数据集难易样本不平衡的问题。在此基础上,为获得更丰富的水下目标特征信息,使用SE-ResNet50代替VGG16作为骨干网络,通过残差网络和SE模块的结合获得更有效、更丰富的水下目标信息,提高对检测目标的特征提取能力,同时加入多条ROIpooling支路实现多尺度特征融合,增加特征的丰富性。实验结果表明,该算法在URPC数据集和水下垃圾数据集上分别取得了73.76%和86.85%的平均精度均值(mAP),遮挡目标漏检率分别达到2%和7%,相较于其他检测算法能够有效提升检测性能。

关键词：机器视觉水下目标检测对抗样本损失函数 SE-ResNet50网络特征融合

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“3 H”护理服务干预在抑郁症患者中的应用效果评价

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黑龙江医学 2024年第15期48卷 1892-1894页

作者：吴姬华洪瑞云吉安市第三人民医院心理科一病区江西吉安343000

目的:探讨“3 H”护理服务干预在抑郁症患者中的应用效果,为临床护理提供依据。方法:选取2019年8月—2021年9月吉安市第三人民医院收治的94例抑郁症患者作为研究对象,根据护理方法的不同将其分为对照组46例和观察组48例。对照组采用常... 详细信息

目的:探讨“3 H”护理服务干预在抑郁症患者中的应用效果,为临床护理提供依据。方法:选取2019年8月—2021年9月吉安市第三人民医院收治的94例抑郁症患者作为研究对象,根据护理方法的不同将其分为对照组46例和观察组48例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组实施“3 H”护理服务干预。比较两组患者的抑郁程度[汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分]、生活质量[生活质量评价量表(SF-36)评分]、服药依从性、护理满意度、不良事件发生情况。结果:干预后14 d、21 d、28 d,观察组患者HAMD评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.117、15.288、19.549,P<0.05)。干预后,观察组患者SF-36评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.195,P<0.05)。观察组患者服药依从率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.728,P<0.05)。观察组患者护理满意度评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=48.759,P<0.05)。观察组患者不良事件发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.321,P<0.05)。结论:在抑郁症患者中实施“3 H”护理服务干预,能够有效缓解患者的抑郁情绪,提升其服药依从性和护理满意度,降低不良事件发生率,提高患者的生活质量。

关键词： “3 H”护理服务抑郁症效果

口腔医学本科生早期接触科研的现状及提升策略研究

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创新创业理论研究与实践 2024年第3期7卷 19-24页

作者：崔岩甘有洪高碧云吴基华广西医科大学口腔医学院附属口腔医院广西南宁530021 广西医科大学第二临床医学院第二附属医院广西南宁530021

提高科研素养是21世纪对高素质医务工作人员的新要求,且早期接触科研对医学本科生自身的发展和国家医学人才队伍的建设具有重要意义。该文通过对广西某高校不同学历层次的口腔临床医学专业学生182人进行问卷调查,旨在了解口腔专业医学... 详细信息

提高科研素养是21世纪对高素质医务工作人员的新要求,且早期接触科研对医学本科生自身的发展和国家医学人才队伍的建设具有重要意义。该文通过对广西某高校不同学历层次的口腔临床医学专业学生182人进行问卷调查,旨在了解口腔专业医学生早期接触科研活动的现状,分析影响口腔医学生早期接触科研活动的因素,并针对其存在的问题探讨可行的早期接触科研的策略。

关键词：口腔医学医学生科研训练早期接触现状分析提升策略

Advances in phylogenetic studies of Nematoda

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第1期47卷 10-15页

作者： wu jihua LIANG Yanling ZHONG Yang FU Cuizhang CHEN Jiakuan Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of the Ministry of Education Institute of Biodiversity ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

Nematoda is a metazoan group with extremely high diversity only next to Insecta. Caenorhabditis elegans is now a favorable experimental model animal in modern de-velopmental biology, genetics and genomics studies. However, the phylogeny of Nematoda and the phylogenetic position of the phylum within animal kingdom have long been in debate. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies gave great challenges to the traditional nematode classification. The new phylog-enies not only placed the Nematoda in the Ecdysozoan and divided the phylum into five clades, but also provided new insights into animal molecular identification and phyloge-netic biodiversity studies. The present paper reviews major progress and remaining problems in the current molecular phylogenetic studies of Nematoda, and prospects the devel-opmental tendencies of this field.

关键词： Nematoda metazoan phylogeny molecular phylogeny.

Influences of chronic contamination of oil field exploitation on soil nematode communities at the Yellow River Delta of China

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Frontiers in Biology 2009年第3期4卷 376-383页

作者： Yingying WANG Hui CHEN Huili CHEN jihua wu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of the Ministry of Education Institute of Biodiversity ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Oil production related activities have led to many environmental *** 80%of the total output of crude oil is generated from terrestrial oilfields in the ***,the impact of oil exploitation procedures on soil animal communities has not been fully *** study investigated the responses of soil nematode communities to the oil exploitation activities in the Yellow River Delta of *** setting 10 oilfield sites and 5 relatively uncontaminated sites(controls),we found that the content of soil total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)was significantly higher at oilfield sites than at *** a longer oil exploitation history,the content of soil TPH *** nematode community structure at oilfield sites was largely different from that at *** nematodes were significantly less abundant but more diverse at oilfield sites than at *** proportions of fungal feeders were significantly lower at oilfield sites than at controls,attaining only half of those at *** nematode trophic diversity and genus number negatively correlated with the duration of petroleum exploitation *** study elucidated the difference in soil nematode communities caused by oilfield exploitation and indicated that the nematode diversity was most obviously influenced by the soil TPH content and the oil exploitation history.

关键词： community composition oil exploitation history oilfield soil nematodes the Yellow River Delta

Responses of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Activity to Incorporation of Straws and Straw Biochars and Their Effects on Soil Respiration and Soil Organic Carbon Turnover

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 492-503页

作者： TIAN Xiaoping WANG Lei HOU Yahong WANG Han TSANG Yiu Fai wu jihua Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 (China) Research Institution for Shanghai Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 (China) Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 (China) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiverstiy Science and Ecological Engineering School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 (China)

Like straw, biochar incorporation can influence soil microorganisms and enzyme activities and soil carbon(C) responses;however,few studies have compared the various effects of straw and biochar and the underlying mechanisms. An experiment was performed to study the changes in soil respiration(SR) and soil organic C(SOC) fluxes in response to the incorporation of three kinds of straw(reed, smooth cordgrass, and rice) and their pyrolyzed products(biochars) at Chongming Island, China. In addition, the microbial activity and community structure of some amended soils were also analyzed to clarify the mechanisms of these responses. The results showed that all biochar incorporation(BC) induced lower SR than the corresponding unpyrolyzed straw incorporation(ST), and the average SR in the soils following BC and ST during the experimental periods was 21.69 and 65.32 μmol CO2 m^-2s^-1, ***, the average SOC content was 16.97 g kg-1 following BC, which was higher than that(13.71 g kg-1) following ST,indicating that compared to ST, BC was a low-C strategy, even after accounting for the C loss during biochar production. Among the BC treatments, reed-BC induced the lowest SR(17.04 μmol CO2 m^-2s^-1), whereas smooth cordgrass-BC induced the highest SR(27.02 μmol CO2 m^-2s^-1). Furthermore, in contrast with ST, BC significantly increased the abundance of some bacteria with poorer mineralization or better humification ability, which led to lower SR. The lower easily oxidizable C(EOC) and higher total C contents of biochars induced lower SR and higher SOC in the soil following BC compared to that following ST. Among the BC treatments,the higher total nitrogen content of rice biochar led to significantly higher soil microbial biomass, and the lower EOC content of reed biochar led to lower soil microbial activity and SR.

关键词： easily oxidizable carbon soil fertility soil microbial abundance soil microbial biomass soil microbial diversity soil organic carbon decomposition

Variability of soil organic carbon reservation capability between coastal salt marsh and riverside freshwater wetland in Chongming Dongtan and its microbial mechanism

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第6期24卷 1053-1063页

作者： Yu Hu Yanli Li Lei Wang Yushu Tang Jinhai Chen Xiaohua Fu Yiquan Le jihua wu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Life Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Two representative zones in Chongming Dongtan which faced the Yangtze River and East China Sea respectively were selected to study the variability of soil organic carbon （SOC） reservation capability between coastal wetland and riverside wetland in the Chongming Dongtan wetland as well as its mechanism by analyzing soil characteristics and plant *** results showed the SOC content of riverside wetland was only 48.61% （P=0.000 〈 0.05） that of coastal *** the organic matter inputs from plant litter of the coastal wetland and riverside wetland were approximately the same,the higher soil microbial respiration （SMR） of riverside wetland led to its lower SOC reservation *** the riverside wetland,the high soil microbial biomass,higher proportion of β-Proteobacteria,which have strong carbon metabolism activity and the existence of some specific aerobic heterotrophic bacteria such as Bacilli and uncultured Lactococcus,were the important reasons for the higher SMR compared to the coastal *** were additional differences in soil physical and chemical characteristics between the coastal wetland and riverside *** analysis of predominant bacteria and microbial biomass showed that soil salinity influenced β-Proteobacteria and microbial biomass most negatively among these physical and chemical *** the low salinity of the riverside area was suitable for the growth of microorganisms,especially β-Proteobacteria and some specific bacteria,which led to the high SMR and low SOC reservation capability when compared to the coastal area.

关键词： soil organic carbon carbon reservation capability community diversity coastal wetland riverside wetland ChongmingDongtan

模拟长期微重力对大鼠耳蜗基底膜p120-catenin表达的影响

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中华耳科学杂志 2024年第1期22卷 136-140页

作者：朱莹蕾王刚周莹王磊范博雅韩浩伦李保卫孙喆喆吴继华吴玮北京大学解放军306医院教学医院北京100101 中国人民解放军战略支援部队特色医学中心耳鼻喉科国家环境保护环境感官应激与健康重点实验室中国人民解放军战略支援部队特色医学中心病理科

目的观察模拟长期微重力对大鼠听功能的影响,探讨耳蜗黏附连接蛋白p120-catenin(p120ctn)在耳蜗基底膜表达情况及模拟微重力对其产生的影响。方法选取健康雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为模拟微重力组和对照组,每组24只;模拟微重力组和对照组... 详细信息

目的观察模拟长期微重力对大鼠听功能的影响,探讨耳蜗黏附连接蛋白p120-catenin(p120ctn)在耳蜗基底膜表达情况及模拟微重力对其产生的影响。方法选取健康雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为模拟微重力组和对照组,每组24只;模拟微重力组和对照组又根据暴露时间分别随机分为1 d、1周、8周、12周组,每组6只12耳。在暴露前(B0)、暴露结束后即刻(P0)进行双耳畸变产物耳声发射(distortion product otoacoustic emission,DPOAE)和听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)阈值检测,并于P0测听结束后处死每组大鼠并分离双侧耳蜗,进行免疫组化染色。结果各组DPOAE引出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),ABR阈值随暴露时间的增加而升高,模拟微重力1周组、模拟微重力8周组、模拟微重力12周组P0时ABR阈值较B0时升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。模拟微重力8周组、模拟微重力12周组基底膜上p120ctn阳性表达较对照组显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论模拟微重力会导致大鼠听功能损伤,耳蜗基底膜上p120ctn表达随暴露时间的延长而增加,中长期微重力导致听功能下降可能与基底膜p120ctn的表达增加有关。

关键词：微重力听性脑干反应黏附连接蛋白 p120-catenin