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Your personal choices in transportation and food are important for lowering carbon emissions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 27-32页

作者： Bruce Logan fang Zhang Wulin Yang le Shi Institute of Energy and the Environment The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

There is a global need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit the extent of climate change.A better understanding of how our own activities and lifestyle influence our energy use and carbon emissions can help us enable changes in activities that can lead to reductions in carbon *** we discuss an approach based on examining carbon emissions from the perspective of the unit C,where 1 C is the CO_(2)from food a person would on average eat every *** approach shows that total CO_(2)emissions in China,normalized by the population,is 22.5 C while carbon emissions for a person in the US is 43.9 C.A better appreciation of our own energy use can be obtained by calculating carbon emissions from our own activities in units of C,for example for driving a car gasoline or electric vehicle a certain number of kilometers,using electricity for our homes,and eating different *** this information,we can see how our carbon emissions compare to national averages in different countries and make decisions that could lower our personal CO_(2)emissions.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Climate change Daily energy Greenhouse gas

Lock-in phenomenon of tip clearance flow and its influence on aerodynamic damping under specified vibration on an axial transonic compressor rotor

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第3期35卷 185-200页

作者： le HAN Dasheng WEI Yanrong WANG Mingchang fang School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine Beijing 100083China

In this study,the lock-in phenomenon of Tip Clearance Flow(TCF)instabilities and their relationship to blade vibration are investigated numerically on an axial transonic rotor with a large tip *** capabilities of simulating instability flow and lock-in phenomenon are verified on a transonic rotor and a NACA0012 airfoil by comparing with the test data,*** lock-in phenomenon is first numerically confirmed that may occur to TCF instabilities when its frequency is close to the blade vibration *** lock-in region becomes wider with the vibration amplitude increasing,and it is also affected by modal *** the rotor at the simulation conditions in this study,the bending mode results in a wider lock-in region than the torsional *** the lock-in region,the phase difference between the Tip Clearance Vortex(TCV)and the blade vibration changes with the flow condition and the frequency ratio of the blade vibration and the TCV *** frequency of the TCV instabilities reduces with the mass flow ***,reducing mass flow and increasing frequency ratio have similar effects on the TCV phase,which causes a significant variation on the unsteady pressure amplitude in the blade tip ***,the aerodynamic damping changes significantly with the TCV *** aerodynamic damping displays a nonlinear relationship with the vibration amplitude,and it changes from negative to positive with the vibration amplitude increasing at the same frequency *** negative damping is mainly provided by the tip area of the *** unlocked conditions,the period of the TCF instabilities fluctuates over time,and it cannot be directly separated by their frequency *** Blade Phase Angle(IBPA)also has an important influence on the feature of the TCV *** occurrence of frequency lock-in also requires“appropriate”*** the examined working conditions,the frequency lock-in occurs under 0 ND(Nodal Diameter),but not un

关键词： Aerodynamic damping Inter blade phase angle Lock-in Specified blade vibration Tip clearance flow instabilities

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals ZEB1-mediated regulation in microglial subtypes and the impact of exercise on neuroinflammatory responses

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Traditional Medicine Research 2025年第2期10卷 55-64页

作者： Jin-fang Wu Yi-Sheng Chen Yu-Chun Xie Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Jiangsu Province Geriatric HospitalNanjing 210024China Fujian Key Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Toxicology Medical CollegeNingde Normal UniversityNingde 352100China Central Laboratory Jiangsu Province Geriatric HospitalNanjing 210024China

Background:This study aims to identify distinct cellular subtypes within brain tissue using single-cell transcriptomic analysis,focusing on specific biomarkers that differentiate cell types and the effects of traditional and exercise ***:Four samples were analyzed:older control(OC),older exercise(OE),younger control(YC),and younger exercise(YE).Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to distinguish cellular subtypes through their biomarker *** visualization included violin and t-SNE plots to illustrate biomarker expression across cell clusters such as oligodendrocytes,microglia,and ***,BV2 cells were exposed to amyloid-beta fragments to simulate Alzheimer’s disease,assessing the impact of exercise-induced cellular ***:Distinct cellular subtypes were identified:oligodendrocytes(MBP,St18),microglia(Dock8),and astrocytes(Aqp4,Gpc5).Sample OE was predominantly oligodendrocytes,while YE had more astrocytes,inhibitory neurons,and Canal-Retzius *** showed a significant presence of Olfm3+ganglion ***1 gene knockout revealed changes in SMAD family gene expression,which regulate *** stress levels were also ***:This profiling enhances our understanding of brain cellular functions and interactions,potentially informing targeted therapies in neurological *** may influence brain cell immune responses and cell death pathways by regulating specific gene expressions,offering new insights for treating neuroinflammation and degeneration.

关键词： single-cell transcriptomics brain tissue cellular subtypes biomarker expression neuronal diversity

The role of velocity derivative skewness in understanding non-equilibrium turbulence

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第11期29卷 99-105页

作者： Feng Liu le fang Liang Shao School of Energy and Power Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China Laboratory of Mathematics and Physics Ecole Centrale de PékinBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Laboratoire de Mécaniques des Fluides et d’Acoustique Ecole Centrale de Lyon-Université de LyonEcully 69134France

The turbulence governed by the Navier-Stokes equation is paramount in many physical ***,it has been considered as a challenging problem due to its inherent nonlinearity,non-equilibrium,and ***,we review the connections between the velocity derivative skewness Sk and the non-equilibrium properties of ***,a reasonable candidate for describing the non-equilibrium turbulence,which varies during the non-equilibrium procedure.A lot of experimental or numerical evidences have shown that the perturbation of energy spectrum,which associated with the excitation of large scales,results in an obvious variation of Sk,and Sk is a negative value in this rapid energy decay *** variation of positive Sk is closely related to the perturbation of transfer spectrum,and this corresponds to the backward energy transfer *** addition,the skewness characterizes the production(or reduction)rate of enstrophy due to vortex stretching(or compression).Using the transport equation of turbulent energy dissipation rate and enstrophy,it is possible to establish a theoretical connection between skewness and the non-equilibrium *** is expected that this work could trigger the rapid advancement of the future studies of non-equilibrium turbulence,and also the improvement of turbulence models.

关键词： velocity derivative skewness non-equilibrium turbulence turbulence model

In Situ Electron Backscatter Diff raction Analysis for Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Models of Mg–Ce Alloy During Uniaxial Loading

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2019年第2期32卷 263-268页

作者： fang-Wei jiao Li Jin Jie Dong Feng-Hua Wang National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming School of Material Sciences and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University

Previous studies showed that signifi cant increases in elongation in Mg–Ce alloys due to the Ce addition and the solute drag eff ect by Ce addition were ascribed to the non-basal dislocation slip activating and the texture altering. The microstructure evolution and deformation models of extruded Mg-0.5 wt%Ce alloy rods under uniaxial tension have been studied using in situ electron backscatter diff raction. The basal and non-basal slips were characterized by using slip line trace analysis. The results provide evidence for that pyramidal slip activated during deformation, besides basal slip and extension twinning, which contributes to the texture weakening and ductility increasing in Mg-0.5 wt%Ce alloy.

关键词： Texture Non-basal slip Twinning In situ electron backscattered diff raction(EBSD) Trace analysis

Construction of remote cyano-substituted quaternary carbon centers via nickel-catalyzed migratory hydrocyanation of unconjugated dienes

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第10期67卷 3397-3405页

作者： Yidan Xing Rongrong Yu Mingdong jiao Ting Wang Xianjie fang Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceCollege of MaterialChemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The transition-metal-catalyzed migratory functionalization has emerged as a robust protocol for the building of C–C bonds remote from the“initiation”***,a similar strategy for the construction of quaternary carbon centers is still underdeveloped and only a limited number of reports ***,we report a nickel-catalyzed migratory hydrocyanation of unconjugated dienes to construct remote cyano-substituted quaternary carbon *** transformation features exceptional regioselectivity,mild reaction conditions,broad substrate scope and high *** synthetic utility of this method has been highlighted by a series of product derivatizations,and the potential of this transformation has been extended to synthesize TRPV1 antagonist and the key intermediate in the total synthesis of *** functional theory(DFT)studies unveiled that the specific catalytic pocket assumed a significant role in the selective formation of cyano-substituted quaternary carbon centers.

关键词： chain-walking regioselectivity remote cyanation quaternary carbon centers unconjugated dienes

Sulfur-linked carbonyl polymer as a robust organic cathode for rapid and durable aluminum batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第12期30卷 320-327,I0007页

作者： Liang fang Limin Zhou Lianmeng Cui Peixin jiao Qinyou An Kai Zhang Department of Energy and Materials Engineering Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Engineering Research Center of High-efficiency Energy Storage(Ministry of Education)Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Foshan 528200GuangdongChina

Rechargeable aluminum batteries are believed as a promising next-generation energy-storage system due to abundant low-cost Al sources and high volumetric specific *** Al-storage cathodes,however,are plagued by strong electrostatic interaction between host materials and carrier ions,leading to large overpotential and undesired cycling stability as well as sluggish ion diffusion ***,sulfur-linked carbonyl polymer based on perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride(PTCDA) as the cathode materials for ABs is proposed,which demonstrates a small voltage polarization(135 mV),a reversible capacity of 110 mAh g^(-1) at 100 mA g^(-1) even after 1200 cycles,and rapid Al-storage *** with PTCDA,the sulfide polymer possesses higher working voltage because of its lower LUMO energy level according to theoretical *** ordered carbonyl active sites in sulfide polymer contribute to the maximized material utilization and rapid ion coordination and dissociation,resulting in superior rate ***,the bridged thioether bonds endow the polysulfide with robust and flexible structure,which inhibits the dissolution of active materials and improves cycling *** work implies the importance of ordered arrangement of redox active moieties for organic electrode,which provides the theoretical direction for the structural design of organic materials applied in multivalent-ion batteries.

关键词： Aluminum batteries Organic materials Carbonyl polymer Electrochemical active sites Ordered arrangement

A Closure for Isotropic Turbulence Based on Extended Scale Similarity Theory in Physical Space

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Chinese Physics letters 2018年第8期35卷 5-8页

作者： Chu-Han Wang le fang Laboratory of Mathematics and Physics Ecole Centrale de PekinBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191 Co-Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191

The closure of a turbulence field is a longstanding fundamental problem, while most closure models are introduced in spectral space. Inspired by Chou＇s quasi-normal closure method in spectral space, we propose an analytical closure model for isotropic turbulence based on the extended scale similarity theory of the velocity structure function in physical space. The assumptions and certain approximations are justified with direct numerical simulation. The asymptotic scaling properties are reproduced by this new closure method, in comparison to the classical Batchelor model.

关键词： DNS A Closure for Isotropic Turbulence Based on Extended Scale Similarity Theory in Physical Space

Planning an adaptive reuse development of underutilized urban underground infrastructures:A case study of Qingdao,China

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Underground Space 2024年第1期14卷 18-33页

作者： Yong-Kang Qiao fang-le Peng Yun-Hao Dong Chun-fang Lu Research Center for Underground Space&Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Urban underground infrastructures(UUIs)are a vital component of built capital for urban ***,many cities are now home to a multitude of disused or underutilized UUIs,not least aged purpose-built underground facilities,causing a waste of valuable underground space resource *** the process of urban renewal,adaptive reuse can be an attractive solution to breathe new life into underutilized UUIs,while addressing some of the modern problems of the built environment by an economically feasible ***,there is a prevalent absence in the current literature of the overarching planning and decision-making approaches for an adaptive reuse development of underutilized *** the intention of addressing this shortfall,this paper first lays out development strategies,then sets the generic patterns for adaptive reuse of disused or underutilized *** the city of Qingdao,China as a case study,detailed planning and decision-making approaches with the aid of multi-source data and spatial analysis tools are *** is anticipated that the findings of this research will assist the adaptive reuse development of UUIs in providing theoretical guidance and empirical evidence,thereby enhancing the role of urban underground space use in contributing to urban revitalization and urban sustainability.

关键词： Urban underground infrastructures Underutilized Adaptive reuse Planning Urban renewal