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Effects of plant roots on soil preferential pathways and soil matrix in forest ecosystems

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 397-404页

作者： Yinghu Zhang jianzhi niu Weili Zhu Xiaoqing Du Jiao Li Key Laboratory Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating Ministry of EducationCollege of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry University

To characterize effects of plant roots on preferential flow（PF）,we measured root length density（RLD）and root biomass（RB） in Jiufeng National Forest Park,Beijing,*** were made for RLD and RB between soil preferential pathways and soil *** and RB declined with the increasing soil depth（0–10,10–20,20–30,30–40,40–50,50–60 cm） in all experimental *** was greater in soil preferential pathways than in the surrounding soil matrix and was 69.5,75.0 and72.2 % for plant roots of diameter（d）／1,1 ／ d ／ 3 and3 ／ d ／ 5 mm,*** root systems had the most pivotal influence on soil preferential flow in this forest *** all experimental plots,RB content was the sum of RB from soil preferential pathways and the soil matrix in each soil *** respect to 6 soil depth gradient（0–10,10–20,20–30,30–40,40–50,50–60 cm） in each plot,the number of soil depth gradient that RB content was greater in soil preferential pathways than in the soil matrix was characterized,and the proportion was68.2 % in all plots.

关键词： Preferential flow Preferential pathways Soil matrix Root length density Root biomass

Landscape Structure Changes in Liangshui Nature Reserve, Northeast China

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Forestry Studies in China 2003年第4期5卷 31-36页

作者： niu jianzhi Gao Jiarong Wang Fengyou College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China Heilongjiang Forestry Department Harbin 150000P.R.China

This paper systematically studied the landscape dynamic changes in Liangshui Natural Reserve (LNR) in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China during three periods (1950s, 1970s and 1990s), by applying landscape space model------Markov model. The results indicated that the landscape structure in LNR changed and the types of landscape patches increased. The phenomena of increasing and reducing of landscape types happened at the same time and the matrix— natural Pinus koraiensis decreased year by year. The law of transformation of landscape types matches well with the results concluded from statistical data, survey data, and the developing process inherent succession of the forest. By analyzing landscape dynamic changes, some scientific management measures were put forward in this paper.

关键词： landscape dynamics scale Markov model

Characteristics of flow production and sediment production of <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i>through artificial rainfall simulation

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Open Journal of Ecology 2012年第2期2卷 74-78页

作者： Yuli Zhao jianzhi niu Jiao Li Jingping Tan Yini Han Yinghu Zhang College of Water and Soil Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China

In order to know well the relationship between vegetation and water in North China, especially Beijing, with exceptional water resources, we studied the characteristics of flow production and sediment production under different rainfall intensities by artificial rainfall simulation device. Results showed that increase of rainfall intensity would prolong the whole process of flow production, and vegetation on the slope would delay that process. Within the same duration, total runoff volume of each runoff plot and rainfall intensity had significant linear relationship. When vegetation kept unchanged, runoff velocity increased significantly with the increase of rainfall intensity, and owing to the formation of low permeable layer, the velocity increased fiercely during the early 3 minutes, reached stable at 10 - 15 minute. With the same rain intensity, total sediment yield decreased with rise of vegetation coverage, but increased obviously with rise of rain intensity and effectiveness of controlling sediment about 1 m x 1 m Pinus tabulaeformis stand decreased firstly and then increased, while that about 1.5 m x 1.5 m Pinus tabulaeformis stand kept decreasing. Since the tags with A, B and C for 0.42 mm/min, 0.83 mm/min, 1.29 mm/min, order of sediment concentration of wasteland plot was B > C > A, and 1 m x 1 m Pinus tabulaeformis plot B > A > C. Through this study, some suggestions were expected to be provided for water balance of Beijing area and certain basis for construction of shelter forest.

关键词： Pinus tabulaeformis Artificial Rainfall Simulation Rainfall Intensity Runoff Volume

北京鹫峰山区常见树种的枝叶及枯落物截留特征

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水土保持学报 2016年第1期30卷 103-110页

作者：徐军牛健植北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室北京100083

为探究华北土石山区不同树种各枝叶层结构与枯落物结构与水分运移的量化关系,以北京鹫峰山区为例选取了侧柏、油松、栓皮栎、五角枫、白皮松和黄栌6种当地典型树种,于2015年7—9月在首都圈森林生态系统定位研究站人工降雨大厅进行降雨... 详细信息

为探究华北土石山区不同树种各枝叶层结构与枯落物结构与水分运移的量化关系,以北京鹫峰山区为例选取了侧柏、油松、栓皮栎、五角枫、白皮松和黄栌6种当地典型树种,于2015年7—9月在首都圈森林生态系统定位研究站人工降雨大厅进行降雨截留实验,试验采用自制降雨截留装置直接测定枝叶分层每一层及枯落物的截留雨量特征,快速方便,精度较高。结果表明:(1)对于同一种树体来说,雨强越大,树体本身达到稳定截留时间越短,在同种雨强作用下,整株树的截留能力顺序为栓皮栎>五角枫>侧柏>油松>黄栌>白皮松;对于整场降雨饱和的树种而言,一般雨强越大,累积截留量越大,随着降雨时间的延长,截留率逐渐减小,在雨强较大时,截留量与叶面积指数关系不显著。(2)对于砍伐树叶分层后的截留过程来说,对于无下层叶、无中下层叶的树体而言,短历时降雨阔叶树总体的截留能力比针叶树强,无叶状态下针叶树的截留持水能力强于阔叶树,因此上层叶对于树木截留有一定的重要性;对于同种树而言,各层树叶的截留能力顺序大致为中层>上层>下层。(3)对于砍伐枝条分层后的截留过程来说,在树体无叶的状态下,对不同树种而言,各层枝条的截留量均为针叶树大于阔叶树,尤其是中下层枝条能截持更大的水量。(4)对于砍伐枝叶分层与枯落物共存时的截留过程来说,对雨水截持的能力顺序为五角枫>白皮松>黄栌>油松>侧柏>栓皮栎,最终稳定时五角枫有效截留量最多,栓皮栎变化最大。(5)对于剪叶分层的树种来说,其与枯落物组合下的垂直面上阔叶树种截留能力强于针叶,随着树叶每一层的递减,其树种的稳定截留量也随之递减,同时栓皮栎和五角枫与枯落物组合的截留过程而也说明了冠层枝叶的截留量与其本身各层的生物量和密度及叶面积成一定的正比关系。但还需加强小雨强下截留效应的研究,以及拓展到林分尺度上的问题。通过量化研究使树木枝叶层及枯落物层充分发挥其涵养水源、保持水土及改善水质的重要生态功能,支撑水源涵养林体系建设技术,对推动水源涵养林学科体系的建设发展具有重要意义。

关键词：枝叶结构枯落物结构分层人工降雨截留

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下层修枝对树种水分截留特性的影响

中国水土保持科学 2019年第2期17卷 10-16页

作者：朱志俊牛健植徐军北京林业大学水土保持学院北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心北京100083 北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心北京102206

本文以6种典型造林树种侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)、油松(Pinus tabuliformis Carr.)、栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis Blume)、五角枫(Acer elegantulum Bunge)、白皮松(Pinus bungeana Zucc.)和黄栌(Cotinus coggygria Scop.)为研究对象,目的在于探究下层修枝抚育处理对树种林冠截留特性的改变规律。实验采用自制的林冠截留量测定装置配合室内人工模拟降雨的方法,高精度地得出了林冠截留的过程数据。结果表明:1)下层修枝对于针叶树种的林冠截留特性影响大于阔叶树种,五角枫和黄栌对于下层修枝的响应不敏感; 2)修枝去除的下层枝叶中,阔叶树种下层叶的截留能力显著强于下层枝,而针叶树种下层枝和下层叶的截留能力相当; 3)在树下铺设密度为0. 35 kg/m^2枯落物之后,树木修枝前后的最大水分蓄持量和有效水分蓄持量减少量在10%以下。因此可知:针阔叶树种林冠截留特征对下层修枝响应强度不一,主要体现在针叶树种响应强度大于阔叶树种,下层枝和下层叶截留能力存在差异。林下铺设枯落物可以有效降低下层修枝对树木截流量的影响。

关键词：林冠截留下层修枝人工降雨枯落物

CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF PREFERENTIAL FLOW FOR A DARK CONIFEROUS FOREST ECOSYSTEM IN THE UPPER REACH AREA OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2007年第4期22卷 292-303页

作者： jianzhi niu1, Xinxiao YU1, Zhiqiang ZHANG1, and Yutao ZHAO1 1 Assoc. Prof., 2 Prof., Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conversation & Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing 100083 China Coll Soil & Water Conservat Key Lab Soil & Water Conversat & Desertificat Com Minist Educ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Preferential flow is the ordinary phenomenon of rapid and non-equilibrium transport of water and solutes occurring in most soil. It causes latent pollution of ground and surface waters and affects runoff yield and flow concentration. This paper studies preferential flow for a dark coniferous ecosystem in the upper reach area of the Yangtze River, establishes a classification for the preferential flow and discusses types of preferential flow with a soil column experiment using a homemade apparatus and dye-tracer analysis. The preferential flow is mainly unsaturated gravitational flow in the upper layer of the slope deposit for mature forest soil, which is dominated by a wetness front, and the flow gradually transforms to macroporous flow as the soil layer deepens. The observed preferential flow in the young, middle-aged and over-mature forests that have grown on glacial lateral moraines is macroporous flow. The purpose of this research is to analyze systemically the behavior of soil water movement for a dark coniferous forest ecosystem in the upper reach area of the Yangtze River and to provide a theoretical basis for effective watershed management.

关键词： Dark coniferous forest ecosystem in the upper reach area of the Yangtze River Preferential flow Classification Types of preferential flow

京郊延庆农田保护性耕作措施对土壤风蚀的影响

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中国水土保持科学 2020年第1期18卷 57-67页

作者：吴姗姗牛健植蔺星娜北京林业大学水土保持学院北京100083 北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心北京100083

探究保护性耕作措施对京郊农田土壤风蚀的影响和防控作用等。野外采集京郊延庆地区几种典型农田(传统翻耕、玉米留茬、玉米留茬+覆盖、玉米秸秆覆盖)的原状土进行风洞模拟试验,对不同耕作措施农田土壤风蚀规律和影响因素进行研究。结果... 详细信息

探究保护性耕作措施对京郊农田土壤风蚀的影响和防控作用等。野外采集京郊延庆地区几种典型农田(传统翻耕、玉米留茬、玉米留茬+覆盖、玉米秸秆覆盖)的原状土进行风洞模拟试验,对不同耕作措施农田土壤风蚀规律和影响因素进行研究。结果表明:试验条件下当风速不同时,各耕作措施农田地表的风速廓线主要呈对数函数规律递增。4种耕作措施空气动力学粗糙度的大小顺序为玉米留茬+覆盖>玉米秸秆覆盖>玉米留茬>传统翻耕;土壤风蚀强度规律为传统翻耕>玉米留茬>玉米秸秆覆盖>玉米留茬+覆盖。各措施在不同风速下的输沙率以指数函数规律递减,风沙流结构以跃移质为主。风蚀物主要集中在15 cm高度范围内的近地表。在相同的风速下,较之传统翻耕措施,保护性耕作措施总体上均能减少风蚀输沙率。与传统翻耕措施相比,玉米秸秆覆盖、玉米留茬+覆盖、玉米留茬这3种保护性耕作措施均可以削弱近地表风速,减少农田土壤风蚀;因此,可以通过推广使用保护性耕作措施来降低京郊乃至华北地区农田的土壤风蚀,保护土地生产力。

关键词：土壤风蚀风洞试验风蚀强度空气动力学粗糙度输沙率

室内模拟分析8种常绿景观植被对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的阻滞作用

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水土保持学报 2015年第6期29卷 160-164,171页

作者：包鹏威牛健植陈上杰北京林业大学水土保持学院北京100083

为了研究静风、恒温恒湿条件下常绿景观植被对空气中PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的阻滞作用,在全封闭的1m3室内模拟箱内放入植被,设置对照并监测其中颗粒物质量浓度变化,分析静风条件下8种常绿植被对大气可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物附着作用差异性和... 详细信息

为了研究静风、恒温恒湿条件下常绿景观植被对空气中PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的阻滞作用,在全封闭的1m3室内模拟箱内放入植被,设置对照并监测其中颗粒物质量浓度变化,分析静风条件下8种常绿植被对大气可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物附着作用差异性和常绿景观植被的空气净化率。结果表明,不同种类常绿景观植被对可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物阻滞能力存在差异性,8种植被中叶表面附着PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)密度最大的是雪松,分别为0.813μg/cm2和0.689μg/cm2,最小的是大叶黄杨,分别为0.327μg/cm2和0.214μg/cm2。8种常绿景观植被附着PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)能力大小为乔木>灌木,具体为松>杉>柏>青扦>黄杨。8种植被在静风条件下1m3空间中对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的阻滞作用存在时间极限,对PM_(10)阻滞作用的时间极限为7~12h,差异性较大,其中时间最短的是雪松和白皮松,最长的是大叶黄杨;对PM_(2.5)阻滞作用的时间极限为12~14h左右,植被间差异性不明显。8种植被对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的净化率范围从3%~15%不等,存在较大差异,其规律与植被附着颗粒物能力规律相似。

关键词：可吸入颗粒物细颗粒物常绿植被累计附着量时间极限净化率

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河北崇礼东沟流域立地类型划分及其植被配置

中国水土保持科学 2022年第5期20卷 93-101页

作者：王冰刘喜云牛健植杨卓北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室北京100083 北京林业大学教育部林业生态工程中心北京100083 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司上海200093 中煤科工集团沈阳设计研究院有限公司沈阳110066

河北崇礼区东沟流域植被的合理配置对绿色冬奥意义重大。明确流域土壤水分主要影响因子并据此进行立地类型划分,有助于该区域植被的合理配置。本文通过野外实地调查分析东沟流域不同坡度、坡向及土壤类型的土壤水分特征差异,研究了影响... 详细信息

河北崇礼区东沟流域植被的合理配置对绿色冬奥意义重大。明确流域土壤水分主要影响因子并据此进行立地类型划分,有助于该区域植被的合理配置。本文通过野外实地调查分析东沟流域不同坡度、坡向及土壤类型的土壤水分特征差异,研究了影响土壤水分的主导立地因子,并利用遥感技术进行流域立地类型划分,探讨了该流域内不同立地类型的植被配置。结果如下:1)按照“坡向-坡度-土壤类型”的命名方式,东沟流域被划分为32种立地类型。2)流域内的粗骨土和栗钙土、褐土与棕壤的初始含水量不存在显著差异,粗骨土与栗钙土、褐土、棕壤土的有效含水量有显著差异(P5°~15°)、斜坡(>15°~25°)、陡坡(>25°)4个坡度的初始含水量和有效含水量均无显著差异(P<0.05);阴坡的初始含水量(15.26±3.09)%,优于阳坡(10.99±3.02)%,阴坡的有效含水量(30.59±4.62)%优于阳坡(22.83±5.11)%。3)划分立地类型中,陡坡立地类型组以耐旱的水土保持林种为主,灌草为辅,减少水土流失;斜坡立地类型组根据水热条件种植经济林、用材林;缓坡和平地立地类型组应合理规划农业用地。坡向、土壤类型等为影响土壤水分特征变化的主要立地因子,通过流域立地类型划分可以为该流域内的植被的合理营建提供理论支持。

关键词：立地类型划分土壤含水量植被配置东沟流域