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Reducing residues of tetracycline and its resistance genes in soil-maize system and improving plant growth:Selecting the best remediation substance

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 268-282页

作者： Junmei QIN jianli song Fenwu LIU Jian ZHANG Huaye XIONG Wenlong BI Yue NI College of Resources and Environment National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801China Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources in Shanxi Province Taiyuan 030000China College of Resources and Environment Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Tetracycline(TC)and tetracycline resistance genes(TRGs)in plant edible tissues pose a potential risk to the environment and then to human *** study used a pot experiment to investigate the effects of different remediation substances(worm castings,fungal chaff,microbial inoculum,and biochar)on the physiological characteristics of maize and the residues of TC and TRGs in the soil-maize system under TC *** results showed that TC significantly inhibited growth,disrupted the antioxidant defense system balance,and increased proline and malondialdehyde contents of maize *** residue contents were significantly higher in root than in shoot,and followed the order root>stem-leaf>grain,which was consistent with the distribution of bioconcentration factors in the different organs of maize *** TC residue content in the soil under different treatments was 0.013–1.341 mg *** relative abundances of different antibiotic resistance genes in the soil-maize system varied greatly,and in maize plants followed the order intI1>tetW>tetG>tet B>tetM>tetX>*** the soil,tetX had the highest relative abundance,followed by tetG and tetW.A redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that TC was positively correlated with *** addition of different remediation substances alleviated the toxicity of TC on maize physiological characteristics and reduced the TC and TRG residues in the soil-maize system,with biochar being the best remediation *** results provide new insights into the effect of biochar on the migration of TC and TRGs from soil to plants.

关键词： antibiotics biochar fungal chaff microbial inoculum plant physiological characteristics worm castings

Precision orchard sprayer based on automatically infrared target detecting and electrostatic spraying techniques

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第1期4卷 35-40页

作者： He Xiongkui Zeng Aijun Liu Yajia song jianli College of Science China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

There is an urgent need for new chemical application techniques and sprayers in Chinese orchard spraying.A new tractor-mounted automatic target detecting electrostatics,and air-assisted orchard sprayer was designed and developed to meet the demand of chemical pest control in *** sprayer light weighted,highly efficient,reduces pesticide use and is friendly to the *** techniques of automatic target detecting,electrostatics,and air-assisted spraying were combined in this *** electrostatically charged droplets are projected toward the target by the assistance of an air stream that increases the droplets penetration within *** results show that the new automatic target detecting orchard sprayer with an infrared sensor can save more than 50%to 75%of pesticides,improve the utilization rate(over 55%),control efficiency,and significantly reduce environmental pollution caused by the pesticide *** the same time the key technological problems related to air-assisted low volume and electrostatic spraying were solved.

关键词： precision spraying orchard sprayer automatic target plant detection air assisted spray electrostatic spray

Effect of aerial spray adjuvant applying on the efficiency of small unmanned aerial vehicle for wheat aphids control

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第5期11卷 46-53页

作者： Yanhua Meng Yubin Lan Guiying Mei Yongwang Guo jianli song Zhiguo Wang College of Engineering South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticide Spraying Technology Guangzhou 510642China School of Environmental Sciences University of GuelphGuelphONN1G 2W1Canada The National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center Beijing 100125China College of Science China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Aviation Plant Protection Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China Anyang Quanfeng Biological Technology Co. LtdAnyang 455000China

Small unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been widely used in different aspects of modern farming management,including pest and disease control in China in recent *** this study,the spray performance of a small plant protection UAV at low volume spray was evaluated by adjusting the pesticide dosage and adding aerial spraying *** deposition,droplet density,coverage,control effect and pesticide residue from field trials were *** addition,the residue and control effect of UAV spray were compared to manual knapsack at high volume *** results showed that,the adjuvant applying improved the efficiency of UAV ***,the adjuvant applying reduced the dosage of imidacloprid by 20%.However,there was no significant difference on initial residue between UAV spray and knapsack ***,plant protection UAV spraying pesticide by adding appropriate adjuvant showed the ability of improving the pesticide effectiveness by improving the control efficiency,reducing the pesticide dosage and residue.

关键词： unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) aerial spraying adjuvant deposition control efficiency pesticide residue wheat aphid

Effects of xanthan gum on atomization and deposition characteristics in water and Silwet 408 aqueous solution

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第3期11卷 29-34页

作者： Shilin Wang Xiongkui He jianli song Shuangshuang Wang Xiaoming Jia Yun Ling Center for Chemicals Application Technology(CCAT) College of ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

In order to investigate the effects of viscosity on spray formation and utilization of pesticide,different concentrations of xanthan gum(XG)were added into water and 0.1%Silwet 408 aqueous *** size,relative span(RS),fan angle,length of breakup and maximum retention(Rm)were measured with the LU120-02 nozzle spraying under the pressure of 0.3 *** dynamic spreading of the different solutions on maize leaves was tested using a 5μL *** results showed:VMD,RS,length of breakup and Rm went up as the increasing of XG concentration in the range of 0-0.5%with the same solution,while the fan angle of nozzle and spreading area on maize leaf showed the opposite *** 408 could reduce the surface tension of liquid,which could alter the dominant mode of spray formation and lead to earlier sheet breakup,especially in low viscosity *** the same concentration of XG the addition of Silwet 408 could reduce the RS of drop size spectrum but has no effect on VMD or fan *** water solution,there was no difference with different concentrations of XG in the spreading time on maize ***,in the 0.1%Silwet 408 aqueous solution,the spraying time and area were several-fold of that in water with same XG ***,with the same XG concentration,the smaller surface tension liquid indicated lower Rm,and the difference was magnified as the concentration *** work has demonstrated that initial spray characteristics such as droplet size and RS,fan angle,length of breakup,Rm and spreading area can vary depending on the viscosity of spray ***,by transforming the viscosity of the spray liquid to adjust the droplet spectrum to reduce drift,increasing the Rm and spreading area to improve liquid utilization and reduce the usage of pesticides.

关键词： atomization xanthan gum spray droplet size breakup length dynamic spreading

Performances evaluation of four typical unmanned aerial vehicles used for pesticide application in China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第4期10卷 22-31页

作者： Wang Shilin song jianli He Xiongkui song Le Wang Xiaonan Wang Changling Wang Zhichong Ling Yun College of science China Agriculture UniversityBeijing 100193China

In recent years,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)for plant protection have achieved rapid development in *** order to test and evaluate the performances of pesticides application and development status of UAVs in China,four typical UAV models were selected to test the spraying coverage,penetrability,droplets density and the work *** results showed that the deposition and spraying liquid coverage were inconsistent both in lateral and longitudinal *** the condition of the similar amount of spray volume and operation parameters,the volume median diameter(VMD)of the droplet was negatively correlated with the coverage *** failure of the UAVs for plant protection mainly took up on the blockage of nozzle,transfusion tube and the liquid *** failure rate of UAVs took up 3.73%-4.36%of the total working *** operation of UAVs during ground service took up 50%of the total working time,the preparation work took up 10%,and the route planning took up around 10%,while net operation time only took up around 30%.On the whole,the high efficiency of UAV was not fully achieved;the daily operated area was not in a satisfactory level *** spraying performances of UAVs still need further improvement.

关键词： unmanned aerial vehicle work efficiency pesticide application deposition distribution

Spray drift characteristics test of unmanned aerial vehicle spray unit under wind tunnel conditions

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第3期13卷 13-21页

作者： Changling Wang Aijun Zeng Xiongkui He jianli song Andreas Herbst Wanlin Gao Centre for Chemicals Application Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China College of Science China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute for Chemical Application Technology of JKI Messeweg 11/12 D-38104 BraunschweigGermany

Since the 2010s,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)sprayer was applied more and more widely for low-volume aerial pesticides spraying operations in ***,droplets from the UAV sprayer have a higher drift risk due to more fine droplets sprayed and a higher flight height than ground *** on UAV spray drift has been a new hot spot within the field of pesticide application *** of previous studies used direct field methods for spray drift,but the meteorological conditions in field were unstable and uncontrollable,and drift research under an actual operation state in wind tunnel has not been ***,25 treatments of wind tunnel measurements and droplets spectrum tests of 10 models of nozzles were conducted to explore the influence factor on spray drift characteristics of UAV chemicals application in this study.A spray unit with a rotor of UAV was innovatively installed in wind tunnel,and the airstream from the wind tunnel was regarded as the relative moving natural wind to simulate the flight *** airborne and the sediment spray drift was measured to study the effects of the nozzle type and size(flat fan,hollow cone and air-inclusion nozzles),flight speed,adjuvant(DRS-60,Y-20079,MF and G-611)and meteorological parameters(20°C&40%,20°C&80%,30°C&40%and 30°C&60%).The drift potential(DP)and the drift potential reduction percentage(DPRP)in vertical and horizontal directions were obtained for each *** nozzle type and size had an impact on the spray drift potential obviously by affecting the droplet size and the ratio of fine droplets,and the regression linear models between DPRPV/DPRPH and DV50,V75 were established(R2=0.934/0.925).Flight speed also had a significant effect on the spray drift characteristics,and reducing the flight speed could increase the DP *** spray adjuvants could affect the DP under experimental meteorological parameters,and the anti-drift performance ranked in the order of DRS-60>MF>Y-20079>G-611

关键词： unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)sprayer wind tunnel spray drift potential nozzle adjuvant

Motion model for describing the quantity of air in droplets through changing the structure of air induction nozzle

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第5期14卷 35-40页

作者： Jun Hu Changxi Liu Zhichong Wang Yufei Li jianli song Yajia Liu Xin Chu College of Engineering Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing 163319HeilongjiangChina Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment Daqing 163319HeilongjiangChina Heilongjiang Province Conservation Tillage Engineering Technology Research Center Daqing 163319HeilongjiangChina College of Science China Agriculture UniversityBeijing 100193China

Air induction nozzles possess good anti-drift performance,the throat and orifice sizes of the nozzles are the main design parameters that affecting ***,Venturi tube nozzles and conventional flat fan nozzles were assembled together to investigate the flow rate,droplet size,the quantity of air in droplets affected by a single design parameter of nozzles with applying high speed camera and Spraytec laser diffraction *** results showed that:the flow rate of the air induction nozzle depended only on the throat size of Venturi tube and pressure,and it was proportional to the throat size of Venturi tube at the same pressure;The flat fan nozzle’s orifice size and Venturi tube size significantly affected volume median diameter of droplets,which generally increased after adding surfactant;A new model was established after optimizing classical equation for calculating the percentage of intake air in droplets and studying the effects of throat and orifice size of air induction nozzles on spray *** variance analysis,it was verified that the new model of quantity of air in droplets produced by all connected nozzles was *** calculation showed that the bubbles sizes ranged at 200-900μm and were in proportion to the droplet size with the percentage of intake air of 10%to 90%.Contrast to the change of volume median diameter and droplet velocity,the existence of intake air could influence their change degree to some extent.

关键词： throat orifice spray characteristic model of droplet motion air induction nozzle

Design and experiment of variable rate orchard sprayer based on laser scanning sensor

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第1期11卷 101-108页

作者： Longlong Li Xiongkui He jianli song Yajia Liu Aijun Zeng Liu Yang Chaohui Liu Zhixiong Liu Center for Chemicals Application Technology(CCAT) College of ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Wuxi Zhongbo Machinery Manufacturing Co. LtdWuxi 214028China Beijing Hualing Feichi Information Technology CO. LTDBeijing 100094China

During different growth periods,canopy size and density in orchards are variable,which need application conditions(flow rate and air flow)to be adjusted to match the canopy’s *** order to improve orchard sprayer’s automatic operating performance,an automatic variable-rate orchard sprayer(VARS)fixed with 40 electromagnetic valves and 8 brushless fans was developed based on the canopy’s spatial *** solenoid valve and brushless motor can be individually adjusted in real-time through pulse width modulation(PWM)signals emitted by a control system to adjust each nozzle’s spout and fan rotation speed.A high-precision laser scanning sensor(light detecting and ranging,LIDAR)was adopted as the detector to measure the canopy volume using the variable rate algorithm *** experiments were conducted in an apple orchard,and conventional air blast sprayer(CABS)and directed air-jet sprayer(DAJS)were tested as a *** showed that on average,46%less spraying solution was applied compared to conventional applications,while penetration rate was similar to *** deposition in the canopy with variable application was higher than that of conventional applications,indicating that electronic sprayers are more efficient than conventional *** was also observed that VARS could significantly reduce off-target *** field experiment showed that the newly developed variable-rate sprayer can greatly reduce pesticide use and protect the environment for the orchard fruit production,and also provide a reference for design and performance optimization for plant protection machinery.

关键词： variable rate orchard sprayer spatial dimension air volume flow rate laser scanning sensor precision agriculture

Drift potential of UAV with adjuvants in aerial applications

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第5期11卷 54-58页

作者： Xiaonan Wang Xiongkui He jianli song Zhichong Wang Changling Wang Shilin Wang Ruochen Wu Yanhua Meng College of Science China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Quanfeng Aviation Plant Protection Technology Co. Ltd.Anyang 455001China

The reduction of pesticide aerial spraying drift is still one of the major challenges in modern *** aim of this study was to evaluate the drift potential of different types of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and adjuvant products for reducing spray drift in aerial *** types of UAV(3WQF120-12 and 3CD-15 fuel oil powered single-rotor UAV and HY-B-15L battery powered single-rotor UAV)were selected in this study with regular application parameters to compare each spray drift,and 3WQF120-12 fuel oil powered UAV was selected to quantify spray drift of 6 adjuvants dissolved in water under field *** were marked with brillant sulfoflavin dye(BSF)at 0.1%.Petri dishes and rotary impactors were used to collect airborne and sediment drift,*** deposits were evaluated by spectrophotometry in order to quantify *** results showed that when the flight height was 1.5-2.0 m above the crop at the flight speed of 4-5 m/s and the average wind speed of 1.63-1.73 m/s,3WQF120-12 fuel oil powered UAV had lower drift potential than the other two types;DV0.5 and percentage of droplets with diameter≤75μm had very significant effects on spray drift percentage(p=0.01);the risk of drift in agricultural spraying could be significantly decreased not only by reducing the percentage of fine droplets but also by changing droplet *** to water,Silwet DRS-60,ASFA+B,T1602,Break-thru Vibrant,QF-LY and Tmax could reduce by 65%,62%,59%,46%,42%,and 19%spray drift,*** water without adjuvants were sprayed,90%of drift droplets were located within a range of 10.1 m of the target area while with 0.8%Silwet DRS-60 adjuvant in water,the distance was shortened to 6.4 m.

关键词： spray drift UAV adjuvant aerial application drift potential evaluation droplet size