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Inexact proximal gradient algorithm with random reshuffling for nonsmooth optimization

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 219-237页

作者： Xia jiang Yanyan FANG Xianlin ZENG Jian SUN jie CHEN National Key Lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems School of AutomationBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center School of Electronic and Information Engineering Tongji University

Proximal gradient algorithms are popularly implemented to achieve convex optimization with nonsmooth regularization. Obtaining the exact solution of the proximal operator for nonsmooth regularization is challenging because errors exist in the computation of the gradient; consequently, the design and application of inexact proximal gradient algorithms have attracted considerable attention from researchers. This paper proposes computationally efficient basic and inexact proximal gradient descent algorithms with random reshuffling. The proposed stochastic algorithms take randomly reshuffled data to perform successive gradient descents and implement only one proximal operator after all data pass through. We prove the convergence results of the proposed proximal gradient algorithms under the sampling-without-replacement reshuffling *** computational errors exist in gradients and proximal operations, the proposed inexact proximal gradient algorithms can converge to an optimal solution neighborhood. Finally, we apply the proposed algorithms to compressed sensing and compare their efficiency with some popular algorithms.

关键词： proximal operator random reshuffling inexact computation compressed sensing nonsmooth optimization

Ideal Bi‑Based Hybrid Anode Material for Ultrafast Charging of Sodium‑Ion Batteries at Extremely Low Temperatures

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 152-167页

作者： jie Bai Jian Hui Jia Yu Wang Chun Cheng Yang Qing jiang Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Jilin University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130022People’s Republic of China

Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as competitive substitutes for low-temperature applications due to severe capacity loss and safety concerns of lithium-ion batteries at−20°C or ***,the key capability of ultrafast charging at ultralow temperature for SIBs is rarely ***,a hybrid of Bi nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanorods is demonstrated as an ideal material to address this issue,which is synthesized via a high temperature shock *** a hybrid shows an unprecedented rate performance(237.9 mAh g^(−1)at 2 A g^(−1))at−60℃,outperforming all reported SIB anode *** with a Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode,the energy density of the full cell can reach to 181.9 Wh kg^(−1)at−40°*** on this work,a novel strategy of high-rate activation is proposed to enhance performances of Bi-based materials in cryogenic conditions by creating new active sites for interfacial reaction under large current.

关键词： Bi nanoparticles High temperature shock High-rate activation Ultrafast charging Low-temperature sodium-ion batteries

Near-perfect replication on amorphous alloys through active force modulation based on machine learning/neural network parameter prediction

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 181-191页

作者： Senkuan meng Zheng Wang Ruisong Zhu Ruijie Liu jiang Ma Lina Hu Weihua Wang Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

As a microforming technique, micro/nano-structural replication possesses advantages of high precision and efficiency. With the remarkable superplasticity in the supercooled liquid region, amorphous alloys or metallic glasses(MGs) are regarded as ideal materials for miniature fabrication. However, due to the intrinsic metastable nature of supercooled liquids, the design of imprinting processes for MGs poses a challenge. In the past, process parameters have largely relied on trial-and-error *** this work, a low-frequency active force modulation system is employed to apply a stable, precise, and real-time feedback stress field for imprinting of MG samples. Low-frequency vibrations can facilitate the filling of microstructures on the template surface by reducing the effective viscosity of the supercooled liquid. With the dataset composed of orthogonal experiments, a machine learning strategy based on back-propagation(BP) neural networks was utilized to construct a 3D parameter space for temperature, stress, and time, and to predict the corresponding filling ratio. Furthermore, the optimal combination of imprinting process parameters was identified, and its filling ratio was experimentally validated to reach as high as 0.94. The near-perfect replication of microstructures confirms the superiority of the active force modulation system and the data-driven strategy of machine learning-assisted parameter design. At the same time, this one-step microforming process provides a new approach to addressing the accuracy-cost trade-off dilemma in precision manufacturing.

关键词： metallic glass amorphous alloy microforming imprinting machine learning

中药雾化熏眼联合益气养生功治疗干燥综合征并发干眼症的临床护理成效分析

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中外医疗 2021年第2期40卷 124-126页

作者：蒋梦婕南京市中医院风湿科江苏南京210000

目的中药雾化熏眼联合养生功治疗干燥综合征干眼症的临床护理成效分析。方法该研究随机选取该院自2019年3—11月接诊干燥综合征干眼症患者100例,选取随机数字表法平均分为研究组和对照组。对照组采取常规的护理方法,研究组则采取使用中... 详细信息

目的中药雾化熏眼联合养生功治疗干燥综合征干眼症的临床护理成效分析。方法该研究随机选取该院自2019年3—11月接诊干燥综合征干眼症患者100例,选取随机数字表法平均分为研究组和对照组。对照组采取常规的护理方法,研究组则采取使用中药雾化熏眼联合益气养生功来护理患者。最终统计两组患者的护理效果。结果在临床治疗总有效率研究组达到90.0%而对照组的治疗总有效率则达到72.0%,两组结果数据对比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.263,P<0.05)。治疗前研究组患者的异物感、眼结膜红肿、视物不清、眼干涩等症状的评分分别为(1.53±0.82)分、(0.91±0.05)分、(1.68±0.48)分、(3.12±2.01)分,治疗后其评分分别为(0.30±0.02)分、(0.16±0.08)分、(0.30±0.03)分、(1.23±0.04)分,对照组的分别为(1.61±0.06)分、(0.63±0.02)分、(1.93±0.10)分、(2.93±1.09)分和(0.93±0.99)分、(0.52±0.02)分、(0.93±0.09)分、(2.17±0.93)分,研究组降低明显。研究组患者的满意度为94.00%,而对照组的满意度则为88.0%,其中对比结果差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.332,P<0.05)。结论中药雾化熏眼联合益气养生功治疗干燥综合征干眼症在临床护理的应用效果良好。

关键词：中药雾化熏眼养生功干燥综合征干眼症

Nanoimprint lithography-assisted block copolymer self-assembly for hyperfine fabrication of magnetic patterns based on L10-FePt nanoparticles

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： jie Zhang Yi Chen Guijun Li Zelin Sun Zhengong meng Wai-Yeung Wong Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Division of Integrative Systems and Design and Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University

L10-FePt-type bit-patterned media has provided a promising alternative for ultrahigh-density magnetic recording systems in the current digital era, but rapid fabrication of magnetic patterns with hyperfine bit islands is still challenging, especially with the target for miniaturization and scalable production simultaneously. Herein, Fe,Pt-containing block copolymers were utilized as single-source precursors for solution-processable patterning and subsequent generation of the demanding magnetic FePt dots by in situ pyrolysis. High-throughput nanoimprint lithography was initially employed to fabricate the predefined bit cells precisely,and then the intrinsic self-assembly of phase-separated block copolymers further drove the formation of accurate bit *** from the synergistic effect of top-down lithographic approach and bottom-up self-assembly, the customizable patterns could be achieved for large-scale mass production in targeted areas, but high-density isolated dots could also be accurately aligned along the patterned features after subsequent self-assembly. This reliable strategy would provide a good avenue to precisely construct ultrahigh-density magnetic data storage devices.

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Small modifications of endo-functionalized cavities lead to large changes in molecular interaction in water

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 369-376页

作者： Song-meng Wang Hao Nian Yan-Fang Wang Li-Shuo Zheng Yu-Tao Zheng Yi-Wei Dong Liping Huang Xiaoping Wang Wei jiang Liu-Pan Yang Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal ResourcesGuangxi Normal University School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China

Studying molecular recognition in aqueous environments is crucial for understanding biological processes. Herein, we present a series of N-doped endo-functionalized anthracene-based cavities by introducing inward-directed pyridine units. The subtle modifications can significantly affect the binding properties of these receptors, which is similar to the mutations in biological systems. Combining theoretical calculations and molecular recognition experiments demonstrated that these “mutations” have an impact on the hydrophobicity and charge distribution of the hosts, consequently significantly influencing molecular *** is crucial for understanding the intricate mechanisms of molecular-level interactions in biological receptors.

关键词： host-guest interaction hydrophobic effect endo-functionalized cavity mutation pyridine

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印制电路板电镀铜颗粒缺陷的成因分析

电镀与涂饰 2014年第21期33卷 932-934页

作者：詹世敬郑凡江杰猛广州杰赛科技股份有限公司广东广州510310

针对某印制电路板(PCB)全板电镀后出现呈规律分布的铜颗粒缺陷进行原因分析。从PCB化学沉铜和酸铜电镀两方面分析了铜颗粒的影响因素,结合PCB板镀铜的工艺流程进行对比试验,得出铜颗粒产生的主要原因,探讨了铜颗粒的产生机理,并提出了... 详细信息

针对某印制电路板(PCB)全板电镀后出现呈规律分布的铜颗粒缺陷进行原因分析。从PCB化学沉铜和酸铜电镀两方面分析了铜颗粒的影响因素,结合PCB板镀铜的工艺流程进行对比试验,得出铜颗粒产生的主要原因,探讨了铜颗粒的产生机理,并提出了相应的预防措施。

关键词：印制电路板化学沉铜酸铜电镀铜颗粒缺陷原因

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一种水面无人艇拖线阵自主收放系统设计

舰船科学技术 2023年第14期45卷 78-82页

作者：林婕朱文武王俊雷江梦洁中国船舶集团有限公司第七一五研究所浙江杭州310023

任务载荷的自主收放是无人船搭载任务载荷完成海洋探测任务的关键,本文设计一种无人船拖线阵自主收放系统,从总体设计、机械结构、液压驱动、自主控制等方面做全面阐述。海上试验证明,该收放系统能够在无人船海上机动时,安全可靠地实现... 详细信息

任务载荷的自主收放是无人船搭载任务载荷完成海洋探测任务的关键,本文设计一种无人船拖线阵自主收放系统,从总体设计、机械结构、液压驱动、自主控制等方面做全面阐述。海上试验证明,该收放系统能够在无人船海上机动时,安全可靠地实现大缆长变直径拖线阵的自主收放、存储、拖曳等功能,在无人干预下可自主实现拖线阵的可靠释放和回收,为我国无人船开展声学探测任务奠定了技术基础。

关键词：自主收放系统拖线阵无人船

Bifunctional bridging capping layer enables 24.5% efficiency of perovskite solar cells with polymer-based hole transport materials

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 350-359页

作者： Can Zhu Yiyang Wang Lei meng Beibei Qiu Jing Li Shucheng Qin Ke Hu Xin jiang Wenbin Lai Minchao Liu Zhe Liu Chenxing Lu Jinyuan Zhang Yongfang Li Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices of Zhejiang Province College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University

Developing a bridge capping layer between perovskite and hole transport layer materials（HTMs） in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells（pero-SCs） is an effective approach to modify the morphology of HTMs and passivate the perovskite ***, we select the quinoxaline-based bifunctional passivation agent, quinoxalin-6-yl-methylamine hydrochloride（Qx MACl）,as the bridging layer, and a D-A copolymer PBQ12 containing the same quinoxaline unit as an HTM for the n-i-p pero-SCs. Due to the π-π stacking among the common quinoxaline units in the bridge layer and HTM, Qx MACl induces the π-π stacking of the PBQ12 film and improves the film morphology of HTMs with better conductivity. Additionally, Qx MACl can effectively passivate the perovskite surface, and PBQ12 possesses appropriate energy levels and high hole mobility. The pero-SCs based on FAPbI3with PBQ12/Qx MACl treatment showed a higher power conversion efficiency（PCE） of 24.05% and outstanding stability, maintaining 95.4% and 92.1% of its initial PCE after 750 h of storage and after over 800 h of thermal annealing at 85 °C, respectively. To further enhance the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices, we developed a non-metal ion dopant for the PBQ12 HTM. Through trace doping of PBQ12 HTM by the non-metal ion dopant, the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices reached 25.24%（the calibrated PCE of 24.55% by the National Institute of Metrology, China）.

关键词： D-A copolymer, hole transport materials, bifunctional bridge capping layer, passivation perovskite solar cells