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Earthquake Research in China 2016年第4期30卷 470-484页

作者： Zhou Shaohui jiang Haikun Institute of Earthquake Science CEABeijing 100036China vChina Earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045China

This paper briefly introduces the current research progress in the field of foreshocks,both in China and abroad,and contrasts the common characteristics and the mechanisms of foreshocks of the sequence under the definition of different conditions of foreshocks. The main recognition methods of foreshocks are briefly reviewed,and their characteristics and existing problems are reviewed and discussed. Foreshocks are small earthquakes that occur before the mainshock and adjacent to the main source location. A foreshock sequence is constituted of a series of foreshock activities that occur before the mainshock. The proportion of earthquake cases includes direct foreshocks ranging from 10% - 40% at different defined conditions of foreshocks. Theoretically,cascade model or pre-slid model can explain foreshocks. Foreshocks are mainly concentrated in the range of 10km -75 km of the mainshock,but their time distribution form is very complicated,mostly prior to the mainshock from 1 or 2 days,the seismicity rate of part of foreshock sequences shows significant acceleration features,but many foreshock sequences often show the attenuation characteristics of mainshock-aftershock sequences. The most prominent feature of foreshocks is a focal consistent mechanism and low b-value of earthquakes of the earthquake sequence. Foreshocks seems to have a certain relationship with tectonic environment and the rupture form of the mainshock,in limited foreshocks earthquake cases,the dip-thrusting earthquakes seem to have relatively more foreshocks. The results of some of the earthquake cases show that the focal depth of foreshocks gradually moved downward with the mainshock approaching. So far,it is difficult to determine whether an earthquake or an earthquake sequence is a foreshock or foreshock sequence before the mainshock. The identification methods of foreshocks mainly include a statistical method of analogy,focal consistent mechanism and related derivative method,the fine detection of the earthquake nucleation process. From a few exi

关键词：前震序列地震活动率综述识别方法大地构造环境余震序列地震序列成核过程

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Research on Frequency of the Aftershock Sequence of the Wenchuan Earthquake Based on Coseismic Coulomb Stress Change

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Earthquake Research in China 2015年第1期29卷 84-102页

作者： Jia Ruo jiang Haikun Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045 China

By the aftershock frequency estimation method based on the calculation of coseismic static Coulomb stress changes and rate-and state-dependent fault constitutive law,we calculate the frequency of "direct "aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake related to coseismic static Coulomb stress changes in its aftershock zone and the areas nearby.It shows that the frequency is significantly lower than the truth in the main rupture zone,especially in the southern rupture zone,due to the decrease of stress level on the rupture plane of the main shock resulting from coseismic Coulomb stress change.The study also shows that the effect of the Coulomb stress change on the duration of aftershock activity is associated with the lower limit magnitude.The duration is about 15-16 months for aftershocks above ML4.0,and close to 60 months for aftershocks above ML3.5.In this period,the ratio of the"direct"aftershocks caused by coseismic Coulomb stress change ranges between 44.7% to48.6%,which suggests that,even in the "effective"period of coseismic Coulomb stress changes,about half of the aftershocks on the main shock rupture plane are independent of coseismic Coulomb stress changes.It is pointed out that those aftershocks may be related to the afterslip or the viscoelastic relaxation,which are time dependent cases.

关键词：余震序列应力变化库仑地震汶川持续时间估计方法本构关系

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On Estimating Magnitude of a Maximum Sequent Earthquake by Viscoelastic Coulomb Stress Change and a Discussion of the Relationship between the M_S7.3 Earthquakes in Yutian 2008 and 2014

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Earthquake Research in China 2015年第4期29卷 434-451页

作者： Chen Yanan jiang Haikun Lanzhou Institute of Seismology China Earthquake Administration Lanzhou 730000 China China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045 China Earthquake Administration of Beijing Municipality Beijing 100080 China

On the basis of the previous studies of the layered crustal model in the Yutian area,combined with the field GPS continuous observation data,we roughly estimate the viscous coefficient of each layer. With the viscoelastic horizontal layer model,we calculate the viscoelastic co-seismic Coulomb stress change caused by the Yutian M_S7. 3 earthquakes 2008 and 2014 respectively. Based on the Coulomb stress change,using the calculation method of "direct "aftershock frequency,we come up with the theoretical earthquake frequency directly related to the mainshock and the co-seismic Coulomb stress change in the study area. Then we put forward a method,based on the comparison of theoretical and actual earthquake frequency or the comparison between theoretical and practical earthquake frequency-distance decay curve fitting residuals,to estimate the magnitude of a maximum sequent earthquake,directly related to the mainshock co-seismic Coulomb stress change. Results calculated by different methods show that the maximum follow-up earthquake magnitude caused by the coseismic Coulomb stress change lies from M_S7. 2 to M_S7. 5 following Yutian M_S7. 3 earthquake in 2008; but that of the 2014 Yutian M_S7. 3 earthquake is M_S6. 3. The former is very close to the Yutian M_S7. 3 earthquake in 2014.Because of the same magnitude,relatively close spatial distance,short time interval,the same region of the external force,the strong correlation between two seismic tectonic and a clear stress interaction,we thus consider that the two Yutian M_S7. 3 earthquakes in 2008 and 2014 constitute a pair of generalized double shock type earthquake. This is consistent with the sequence type characteristic of past "double shock"earthquakes in the region. In this paper,the influence of the magnitude lower limit and the b-value in the relationship of G-R on the results is discussed. As a result,when the viscoelastic coseismic Coulomb stress variation is determined,the lower limit of magnitude has little effect on the maximum sequent earthquake magnitude

关键词：最大地震震级库仑应力应力变化估计黏弹性地震频率空间距离双震型地震

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Comparative Study of Changes in Stress-drop of the Jinggu MS6.6 and Ludian MS6.5 Earthquake Sequences

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Earthquake Research in China 2017年第2期31卷 151-168页

作者： Zhou Shaohui jiang Haikun Qu Junhao Earthquake Administration of Shandong Province Jinan 250102 China China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045 China

The earthquake stress-drop values of two sequences were accurately calculated after taking away the effects due to regional earthquake anelastic attenuation and station site response,using waveform data and seismic phase data of sequences of the Jinggu M_S6. 6,and Ludian M_S6. 5 earthquakes in Yunnan. These results show that the stress drop with magnitude increases within the scope of this study of magnitude. After eliminating the influence of the magnitude,the average value of stress-drop in the Jinggu sequence is higher than that of the Ludian sequence at the same magnitude range. This may be related to the stress state in different regions. In terms of the changes of time and space of stress-drop,before M_S5. 8 strong aftershock,the stress-drop is "slowing down-turning up-keeping a high value"after the mainshock,meanwhile,almost all of the abnormally high stress drop value is distributed around the M_S5. 8 strong aftershock, showing that the stress environment in the region was increasing after the mainshock. And after the M_S5. 9 strong aftershock,stress-drop rapidly declines to a relatively stable state,meanwhile,the high value of stress-drop is distributed around the strong aftershock,showing that the regional tectonic stress gets more fully release,its stress environment begins to rapidly decrease.For the Ludian sequence without a strong aftershock occurring,the average value of stress drop is lower than that of the Jinggu earthquake sequence at the same magnitude range,while at the same time,the stress-drop of the aftershock sequence almost hasn't changed much. In the time after the mainshock,combined with the release characteristics of the main energy,the stress in the region is excessively released,the subsequent stress in the region gradually returns to normal. This may be the reason why the activity of Ludianaftershocks significantly was weaker and subsequently there were no strong aftershocks occurred.

关键词：地震序列应力降区域构造应力时间序列应力状态应力环境非弹性衰减强余震

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Earthquake Probability of the“Seismic Gap”on the Longmenshan Fault

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Earthquake Research in China 2018年第1期32卷 15-27页

作者： Song Jin jiang Haikun Meng Lingyuan Zang Yang China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Using the layered viscoelastic medium model,this paper calculated the coulomb stress loading effect on the Lushan epicenter generated by the Wenchuan earthquake.Then combined with the rate-state friction law proposed by Dieterich J.(1994),we obtain the probability of an0 earthquake occurring in the vicinity of Lushan.The results show that the probability of0 earthquake of the Lushan region in 2013 is up to18%,indicating that the stress disturbance caused by the Wenchuan earthquake accelerated the Lushan earthquake.This paper also calculates the coulomb stress accumulation on the"seismic gap"generated by the two earthquakes of Wenchuan and Lushan,and combined with the background seismicity,gives the6.0 earthquake probability of the"seismic gap".Although there may be a certain error in the results because of the Dayi earthquake,selection of the medium model parameters and background seismicity,the seismic probability of the"seismic gap"is increasing.Thus,we think destructive earthquakes are still likely to occur in the"seismic gap".

关键词： The coulomb stress The rate-state friction law Earthquake probability

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Azimuthal Variations of the Convective-scale Structure in a Simulated Tropical Cyclone Principal Rainband

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第11期37卷 1239-1255页

作者： Yue jiang Liguang WU haikun ZHAO Xingyang ZHOU Qingyuan LIU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing 210009China

Previous numerical simulations have focused mainly on the mesoscale structure of the principal rainband in tropical cyclones with a relatively coarse model resolution.In this study,the principal rainband was simulated in a semi-idealized experiment at a horizontal grid spacing of 1/9 km and its convective-scale structure was examined by comparing the convective elements of the simulated principal rainband with previous observational studies.It is found that the convective scale structure of the simulated principal rainband is well comparable to the observation.The azimuthal variations of the convective scale structure were examined by dividing the simulated principal rainband into the upwind,middle and downwind portions.Some new features are found in the simulated principal rainband.First,the overturning updraft contains small-scale rolls aligned along the inward side of the outward-leaning reflectivity tower in the middle portion.Second,the inner-edge downdraft is combined with a branch of inflow from the upper levels in middle and downwind portions,carrying upper-level dry air to the region between the overturning updrafts and eyewall,and the intrusion of the upper-level dry air further limits the altitude of the overturning updrafts in the middle and downwind portions of the principal rainband.Third,from the middle to downwind portions,the strength of the secondary horizontal wind maximum is gradually replaced by a low-level maximum of the tangential wind collocated with the low-level downdraft.

关键词： azimuthal variations principal rainband tropical cyclone WRF-LES simulation

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A Statistical Analysis on the Wenchuan Aftershock Activity Triggered by Earth Tide

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Earthquake Research in China 2013年第1期27卷 23-38页

作者： Li Jin jiang Haikun Earthguake Administration of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China Earthquake Networks Center

A statistical analysis on the Wenchuan aftershock activity triggered by tidal forces is systematically studied based on Schusters test, including earthquakes triggered by tidal force, tidal stress and tidal coulomb failure stress. The results show that a group of strong aftershocks which occurred at the end of July to early August in 2008 at the north of Wenchuan were obviously triggered by earth tide, the same conclusion is drawn by Schusters smooth test of the tidal force, tidal stress and tidal coulomb failure stress. In addition, the Wenchuan aftershock activity is obviously triggered by fortnight tide. In the north, the aftershocks happened more frequently in the first and last quarters of the moon, and in the south, the aftershocks happened more frequently in the first and last quarters of the moon and during the full moon.

关键词：统计分析系统余震活动地球潮汐汶川触发库仑破裂应力潮汐力北部地区

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A Review on Tidal Triggering of Earthquakes

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Earthquake Research in China 2012年第1期26卷 128-141页

作者： Li Jin jiang Haikun Institute of Earthquake Science CEA Beijing 100036 China China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045 China

Research of tidal triggering of earthquakes in recent years is systematically reviewed,focusing on the relationship between the phases of the moon and seismic activity,earthquakes triggered by tidal forces and its components,based on the large sample statistics to discuss the tidal triggering of an earthquake.The relationship between the phase of the moon and seismic activity is a preliminary study of tidal triggering of earthquakes,and the modulation ratio is a quantitative description of it.Using the resolution of tidal stress to study seismic activity is a way to reveal the relationship between the tides and earthquakes from the mechanics point of view.Large sample statistics is another way to study the relationship between the tidal and earthquake from the view of statistics.In many statistical methods,Schuster's test is used more widely,which takes many factors into account,such as focal mechanism,tidal stress,and statistical tests to quantitatively analyze the tidal triggering effect on earthquakes.

关键词：地震活动潮汐力触发述评统计数据潮汐应力统计测试组成部分

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2020年伽师MS6.4地震前震活动研究

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地球物理学报 2022年第9期65卷 3322-3334页

作者：邓世广蒋海昆中国地震台网中心北京100045

2020年1月19日新疆伽师发生M_(S)6.4地震,震前约45小时震源区曾发生M_(S)5.4地震,构成典型的前-主-余型地震序列,显著且丰富的前震活动为研究主震成核过程提供了宝贵的基础数据.本文收集了M_(S)6.4地震震中100km范围内6个地震台站的波... 详细信息

2020年1月19日新疆伽师发生M_(S)6.4地震,震前约45小时震源区曾发生M_(S)5.4地震,构成典型的前-主-余型地震序列,显著且丰富的前震活动为研究主震成核过程提供了宝贵的基础数据.本文收集了M_(S)6.4地震震中100km范围内6个地震台站的波形数据,以重定位后的地震目录作为模板,利用匹配定位方法(Match&Locate)对M_(S)6.4地震前后(2019年12月1日至2020年1月31日)的小地震进行了检测和定位,检测得到4664个地震事件,其中261个事件发生在伽师M_(S)6.4地震之前,序列目录的完备震级从M_(L)1.6降低到M_(L)1.1.基于检测目录,利用修正的大森公式计算M_(S)5.4前震序列的p值偏低,表明前震序列衰减缓慢.根据地震活动时空分布,伽师M_(S)5.4地震前26天内和伽师M_(S)6.4地震前2天内,发震断层附近存在由地震活跃转为相对平静的过程.另外,伽师M_(S)6.4主震前2天内的地震活动存在向主震位置迁移、收缩的现象,可能标志着断层已进入亚失稳阶段.

关键词：伽师M_(S)6.4地震前震活动地震检测与定位微震迁移序列衰减

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Preventive effect of kiwi berry(Actinidia arguta)on loperamide-induced constipation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1410-1421页

作者： Jiyue Zhang Bin Li Ningxuan Gao haikun Li Xingyue Cui Hanqian jiang Siyi Tang Chenyu Jin Jinlong Tian College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China

Constipation is a common intestinal disease.Kiwi berries can effectively prevent constipation.However,studies have yet to be done to determine how kiwi berries prevent constipation.For two weeks,mice in this study were continually orally gavaged with kiwi berry,loperamide,or a combination of the 2.This study found that the kiwi group's feces had more water than the constipated mice.In addition,kiwi berries can speed up gastrointestinal transit(GI),shorten the time it takes to pass the first dark stool,and dramatically enhance body weight gain.In the interstitial cells of Caj al(ICC)cells and colon tissues,alterations in the protein expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),protein kinase A(PKA),and aquapcrin-3(AQP3)were found.At 3,6,and 12 h of ICC cells and mouse colon,the kiwi group's VIP,cAMP,PKA,and AQP3 protein expression levels were lower than those of the constipated mice.The kiwi berry can decrease the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and boost the diversity and quantity of gut microbiota.By influencing the gut microbiota and VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway,kiwi berries prevent constipation.

关键词： Kiwi berry Constipation VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 Gut microbiota

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