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Feedback processing in the primate brain and in AI systems

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2297-2309页

作者： jiang Yong he Sheng Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei 230088China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The primate brain and artificial intelligence(AI) can both be conceptualized as information processing systems, each with its own distinct biological and computational architectures. While there are parallels between them, their respective structural and functional connections show significant differences. In this paper, we examine the central role of feedback processing in both the primate brain and AI systems, which has been shown to be crucial in shaping neural processing. By reviewing the key features of feedback processes in the primate brain, which allows the brain to incorporate prior knowledge, contextual information, and taskdemands into early-stage processing, we highlight the divergence in goals and functions between biological and AI *** these differences is crucial for elucidating the cognitive capabilities of the primate brain and for addressing computational challenges in AI. In advocating “Cognition-Inspired-Computation”, we suggest that integrating insights from feedback processing in the primate brain into AI research will offer potentially significant improvements for the advancement of AI systems.

关键词： cognitive neuroscience artificial intelligence feedback processing attention learning

Porous TiFe_(2. intermetallic compound fabricated via elemental powder reactive synthesis

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第4期31卷 764-772页

作者： Qian Zhao Zhenli he Yuehui he Yue Qiu Zhonghe Wang Yao jiang State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Powder Metallurgy Research InstituteCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Porous intermetallics show potential in the field of filtration and separation as well as in the field of ***,porous Ti Fe2.ntermetallics were fabricated by the reactive synthesis of elemental *** phase transformation and pore formation of porous TiFe2.ntermetallics were investigated,and its corrosion behavior and hydrogen evolution reaction(heR)performance in alkali solution were *** TiFe2.ntermetallics with porosity in the range of 34.4%-56.4%were synthesized by the diffusion reaction of Ti and Fe elements,and the pore formation of porous TiFe2.ntermetallic compound is the result of a combination of the bridging effect and the Kirkendall *** porous TiFe2.amples exhibit better corrosion resistance compared with porous 316L stainless steel,which is related to the formation of uniform nanosheets on the surface that hinder further corrosion,and porous TiFe2.lectrode shows the overpotential of 2.0.6 and 2.5.6 mV at 10 and 100 mA·cm-2.suggesting a good catalytic *** synthesized porous Fe-based intermetallic has a controllable pore structure as well as excellent corrosion resistance,showing its potential in the field of filtration and separation.

关键词： TiFe2.intermetallic compound porous materials reactive synthesis corrosion behavior hydrogen evolution reaction

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Science china Mathematics 2004年第2期47卷 297-310页

作者： jiang chunlan & {2. huadepartment of Mat{2.matics, hebei university of technology, tianjin 300130, china Department of Mat{2.matics, Universtiy of Pueto Rico, Rio Piedras San Juan, PR 00931, USA Department of Mat{2.matics, hebei Normal university, Shijiazhuang 050016, china 1.Department of Mathematics Hebei University of Technology 300130 Tianjin China 2.Department of Mathematics Universtiy of Pueto Rico 00931 PR Rio Piedras San Juan USA 3.Department of Mathematics Hebei Normal University 050016 Shijiazhuang China

This paper shows that every operator which is quasisimilar to strongly irreducible Cowen-Douglas operators is still strongly irreducible. This result answers a question posted by Davidson and herrero (ref. [1]).

关键词： quasisimilar, strongly irreducible, Cowen-Douglas operators.

Gravitational waves and primordial black hole productions from gluodynamics by holography

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 31-42页

作者： Song he Li Li Zhibin Li Shao-jiang Wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics(Albert Einstein Institute) Golm 14476Germany CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Understanding the nature of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)matter is important but challenging due to the presence of nonperturbative dynamics under extreme *** construct a holographic model describing the gluon sector of QCD at finite temperatures in the non-perturbative *** equation of state as a function of temperature is in good accordance with the lattice QCD ***,the Polyakov loop and the gluon condensation,which are proper order parameters to capture the deconfinement phase transition,also agree quantitatively well with the lattice QCD *** obtain a strong first-order confinement/deconfinement phase transition at Tc=2.6.5 Me V that is consistent with the lattice QCD *** on our model for a pure gluon hidden sector,we compute the stochastic gravitational waves and primordial black hole(PBH)productions from this confinement/deconfinement phase transition in the early *** resulting stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds are found to be within detectability in the International Pulsar Timing Array and Square Kilometre Array in the near future when the associated productions of PBHs saturate the current observational bounds on the PBH abundances from the LIGO-Virgo-Collaboration O3 data.

关键词： AdS/QCD confinement/deconfinement phase transition gravitational wave primordial black hole

Progress and challenge of functional single-atom catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第9期35卷 83-91页

作者： Zeyu jiang Yadi Wang Changwei Chen Chi he Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material&technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China

The catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is of considerable significance for the sustainable development of the chemical industry;thus,considerable efforts have been devoted to the exploration of efficient catalysts for use in this *** this regard,the development and utilization of single-atom catalysts(SACs)in VOCs decomposition is a rapidly expanding research *** can be employed as potential catalysts for oxidizing VOC molecules due to their optimal utilization efficiency,unique atomic bonding structures,and unsaturated *** has been achieved,while the challenges surrounding precise regulation of the microstructures of SACs for improving their low-temperature efficiency,stability,and product selectivity under practical conditions are ***,elucidating structure-performance relationships and establishing intrinsic modulating mechanisms are urgently required for guiding researchers on how to synthesize effective and stable functional SACs ***,recent advances in the design and synthesis of functional SACs for application in the catalytic oxidation of VOCs are *** experimental and theoretical studies revealing higher efficiency,stability,and selectivity of as-prepared functional SACs are being ***,the future perspectives in terms of promising catalysts with multi-sized composite active sites and the illustration of intrinsic mechanism are *** rapid intelligent screening of applicable SACs and their industrial applications are also discussed.

关键词： Single-atom catalysts VOCs catalytic oxidation Hydrocarbon activation Oxygen species transformation Surface chemistry Intrinsic mechanism

Characterization and Analysis of Inconel 718 Alloy Ground at Different Speeds

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期37卷 137-149页

作者： Hao Liu Huili Han Qinghong jiang Minglin he Bi Zhang Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Inconel 718(IN718)alloy is widely applied to fabricate high temperature resistant or corrosion resistant parts due to its excellent mechanical ***,the machining of IN718 alloy is difficult as it may cause serious tool wear and poor surface quality(SQ)of the *** this work,grinding experiments on IN718 alloy at different speeds were conducted by using a CBN grinding *** relationship between grinding speed,SQ and subsurface damage(SSD)was well *** increasing grinding speed,surface roughness decreased,and SQ was greatly ***,the microhardness of the grinding surface declined as the grinding speed *** SSD depth was almost unchanged when the grinding speed was lower than 15 m/s,then it decreased with higher grinding *** was attributed to the mechanical-thermal synergistic effect in the grinding *** results indicated that increasing grinding speed can effectively improve the SQ and reduce the SSD of IN718 *** conclusion in the work may also provide insight into processing other hard-to-machining materials.

关键词： Surface integrity Grinding speed IN718 alloy Precision machining CBN grinding wheel

Gut microbial interactions based on network construction and bacterial pairwise cultivation

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1751-1762页

作者： Min-Zhi jiang Chang Liu Chang Xu he jiang Yulin Wang Shuang-jiang Liu State Key Laboratory of Microbial technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266000China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center(EMRC)Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Association networks are widely applied for the prediction of bacterial interactions in studies of human gut ***,the experimental validation of the predicted interactions is challenging due to the complexity of gut microbiomes and the limited number of cultivated *** this study,we addressed this challenge by integrating in vitro time series network(TSN)associations and cocultivation of TSN taxon *** samples were collected and used for cultivation and enrichment of gut microbiome on YCFA agar plates for 13 *** cells were harvested for DNA extraction and metagenomic sequencing.A total of 198 metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs)were *** dynamics of bacteria growing on the YCFA agar were used to infer microbial association *** experimentally validate the interactions of taxon pairs in networks,we selected 2. and 19 bacterial strains from this study and from the previously established human gut microbial biobank,respectively,for pairwise *** co-culture experiments revealed that most of the interactions between taxa in networks were identified as neutralism(51.67%),followed by commensalism(2..67%),amensalism(18.33%),competition(5%)and exploitation(3.33%).Genome-centric analysis further revealed that the commensal gut bacteria(helpers and beneficiaries)might interact with each other via the exchanges of amino acids with high biosynthetic costs,short-chain fatty acids,and/or *** also validated 12.beneficiaries by adding 16 additives into the basic YCFA medium and found that the growth of 66.7%of these strains was significantly *** approach provides new insights into the gut microbiome complexity and microbial interactions in association *** work highlights that the positive relationships in gut microbial communities tend to be overestimated,and that amino acids,short-chain fatty acids,and vitamins are contributed to the positive relationships.

关键词： human gut microbiome gut microbial pairwise interaction co-culture association network microbial community

Density-based ship detection in SAR images:Extension to a self-similarity perspective

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 168-180页

作者： Xueqian WANG Gang LI Zhizhuo jiang Yu LIU You he Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Nonlocal self-similarity is an important property of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images to characterize the repetitiveness of features embodied by SAR images within nonlocal areas and has been used for enhancement of SAR *** SAR ship detectors often independently handle small sub-images cropped from a large marine SAR image and do not exploit the nonlocal self-similarity *** this paper,we propose a new ship detector from the perspective of nonlocal self-similarity in SAR images to improve the ship detection performance,basically including three stages:prescreening,intra-cue calculation,and inter-cue *** the prescreening stage,we design a new Histogram-based Density(HD)feature to rapidly select candidate sub-images potentially containing ship targets from a large SAR *** the intra-cue calculation stage,target cues within a single candidate sub-image are *** the inter-cue calculation stage,thanks to the nonlocal self-similarity among different candidate sub-images in terms of density features,we innovatively extract a weighted superpixel-HD map to obtain accumulated intracues across all the candidate ***,for each candidate sub-image,we fuse its inter-cue and intra-cue to obtain final detection *** results based on real SAR images show that our newly proposed method provides a better target-to-clutter contrast and ship detection performance than those of other state-of-the-art detection approaches.

关键词： Ship detection Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) Density Self-similarity Histogram

Ca_(2.MnO_(4)-layered perovskite modified by NaNO_(3)for chemical-looping oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 53-64页

作者： Weixiao Ding Kun Zhao Shican jiang Zhen Huang Fang he College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541006China Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Chemical-looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL-ODH)is a process designed for the conversion of alkanes into olefins through cyclic redox reactions,eliminating the need for gaseous O_(2..In this work,we investigated the use of Ca_(2.MnO_(4)-layered perovskites modified with NaNO_(3) dopants,serving as redox catalysts(also known as oxygen carriers),for the CL-ODH of ethane within a temperature range of 700-780℃.Our findings revealed that the incorporation of NaNO_(3) as a modifier significantly-nhanced the selectivity for-thylene generation from Ca_(2.MnO_(4).At 750℃and a gas hourly space velocity of 1300 h^(-1),we achieved an-thane conversion up to 68.17%,accompanied by a corresponding-thylene yield of 57.39%.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis unveiled that the doping NaNO_(3) onto Ca_(2.MnO_(4) not only played a role in reducing the oxidation state of Mn ions but also increased the lattice oxygen content of the redox ***,formation of NaNO_(3) shell on the surface of Ca_(2.MnO_(4) led to a reduction in the concentration of manganese sites and modulated the oxygen-releasing behavior in a step-wise *** modulation contributed significantly to the enhanced selectivity for ethylene of the NaNO_(3)-doped Ca_(2.MnO_(4) *** findings provide compelling evidence for the potential of Ca_(2.MnO_(4)-layered perovskites as promising redox catalysts in the context of CL-ODH reactions.

关键词： Chemical-looping oxidative dehydrogenation Ethane Ethylene NaNO_(3)-doped Ca_(2.MnO_(4)redox catalyst Layered perovskites