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Postoperative accurate pain assessment of children and artificial intelligence: A medical hypothesis and planned study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第4期12卷 681-687页

作者： jian-Ming Yue Qi Wang bin Liu Leng zhou Department of Anesthesiology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina

Although the pediatric perioperative pain management has been improved in recent years,the valid and reliable pain assessment tool in perioperative period of children remains a challenging task.Pediatric perioperative pain management is intractable not only because children cannot express their emotions accurately and objectively due to their inability to describe physiological characteristics of feeling which are different from those of adults,but also because there is a lack of effective and specific assessment tool for children.In addition,exposure to repeated painful stimuli early in life is known to have short and long-term adverse sequelae.The short-term sequelae can induce a series of neurological,endocrine,cardiovascular system stress related to psychological trauma,while long-term sequelae may alter brain maturation process,which can lead to impair neurodevelopmental,behavioral,and cognitive function.Children’s facial expressions largely reflect the degree of pain,which has led to the developing of a number of pain scoring tools that will help improve the quality of pain mana-gement in children if they are continually studied in depth.The artificial inte-lligence(AI)technology represented by machine learning has reached an unprecedented level in image processing of deep facial models through deep convolutional neural networks,which can effectively identify and systematically analyze various subtle features of children’s facial expressions.Based on the construction of a large database of images of facial expressions in children with perioperative pain,this study proposes to develop and apply automatic facial pain expression recognition software using AI technology.The study aims to improve the postoperative pain management for pediatric population and the short-term and long-term quality of life for pediatric patients after operational event.

关键词： Pediatric Perioperative pain Assessment tool Facial expression Machine learning Artificial intelligence

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A comprehensive comparison of different regression techniques and nature-inspired optimization algorithms to predict carbonation depth of recycled aggregate concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 30-50页

作者： bin XI Ning ZHANG Enming LI Jiabin LI jian zhou Pablo SEGARRA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Politecnico Di MilanoMilano 20133Italy Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development(IOER) Dresden 01217Germany Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-ETSI Minas y Energía Madrid 28003Spain Department of Civil Engineering KU Leuven CampusBrugge 8200Belgium School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

The utilization of recycled aggregates(RA)for concrete production has the potential to offer substantial environmental and economic advantages.However,RA concrete is plagued with considerable durability concerns,particularly carbonation.To advance the application of RA concrete,the establishment of a reliable model for predicting the carbonation is needed.On the one hand,concrete carbonation is a long and slow process and thus consumes a lot of time and energy to monitor.On the other hand,carbonation is influenced by many factors and is hard to predict.Regarding this,this paper proposes the use of machine learning techniques to establish accurate prediction models for the carbonation depth(CD)of RA concrete.Three types of regression techniques and meta-heuristic algorithms were employed to provide more alternative predictive tools.It was found that the best prediction performance was obtained from extreme gradient boosting-multi-universe optimizer(XGB-MVO)with R^(2) value of 0.9949 and 0.9398 for training and testing sets,respectively.XGB-MVO was used for evaluating physical laws of carbonation and it was found that the developed XGB-MVO model could provide reasonable predictions when new data were investigated.It also showed better generalization capabilities when compared with different models in the literature.Overall,this paper emphasizes the need for sustainable solutions in the construction industry to reduce its environmental impact and contribute to sustainable and low-carbon economies.

关键词： recycled aggregate concrete carbonation depth nature-inspired optimization algorithms extreme gradient boosting technique parametric analysis

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Investigation of formaldehyde sources and its relative emission intensity in shipping channel environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 142-154页

作者： Jiaqi Liu Shanshan Wang Yan Zhang Yuhao Yan jian Zhu Sanbao Zhang Tianyu Wang Yibing Tan bin zhou Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) No.20 Cuiniao RoadShanghai 202162China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Institute of Digitalized Sustainable Transformation Big Data InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Formaldehyde(HCHO)is considered one of the most abundant gas-phase carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere,which can be directly emitted through transportation sources.Long-Path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(LP-DOAS)was used to observe HCHO in the river channel of Wusong Wharf in Shanghai,China for the whole year of 2019.Due to the impact of ship activity,the annual average HCHO level in the channel is about2.5 times higher than that in the nearby campus environment.To explain the sources of HCHO under different meteorological conditions,the tracer-pair of CO and O_(x)(NO_(2)+O_(3))was used on the clustered air masses.The results of the source appointment show that primary,secondary and background account for 24.14%(3.34±1.19 ppbv),44.78%(6.20±2.04ppbv)and 31.09%(4.31±2.33 ppbv)of the HCHO in the channel when the air masses were from the mixed direction of the city and channel,respectively.By performing background station subtraction at times of high primary HCHO values and resolving the plume peaks,directly emitted HCHO/NO_(2)in the channel environment and plume were determined to be mainly distributed between 0.2 and 0.3.General cargo ships with higher sailing speeds or main engine powers tend to have higher HCHO/NO_(2)levels.With the knowledge of NO_(2)(or NO_(x))emission levels from ships,this study may provide data support for the establishment of HCHO emission factors.

关键词： HCHO LP-DOAS Channel environment Ship emissions

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Ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution beam signal reconstruction with bunch phase compensation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 99-108页

作者： You-Ming Deng Yong-bin Leng Xing-Yi Xu jian Chen Yi-Mei zhou Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China

Various electromagnetic signals are excited by the beam in the acceleration and beam-diagnostic elements of a particle accelerator.It is important to obtain time-domain waveforms of these signals with high temporal resolution for research,such as the study of beam–cavity interactions and bunch-by-bunch parameter measurements.Therefore,a signal reconstruction algorithm with ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution and bunch phase compensation based on equivalent sampling is proposed in this paper.Compared with traditional equivalent sampling,the use of phase compensation and setting the bunch signal zero-crossing point as the time reference can construct a more accurate reconstructed signal.The basic principles of the method,simulation,and experimental comparison are also introduced.Based on the beam test platform of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)and the method of experimental verification,the factors that affect the reconstructed signal quality are analyzed and discussed,including the depth of the sampled data,quantization noise of analog-to-digital converter,beam transverse oscillation,and longitudinal oscillation.The results of the beam experiments show that under the user operation conditions of the SSRF,a beam excitation signal with an amplitude uncertainty of 2%can be reconstructed.

关键词： Turn-by-turn bunch phase compensation technique Equivalent sampling Signal reconstruction algorithm Ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution SSRF

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Emergent Geometry of KP Hierarchy

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第1期40卷 3-25页

作者： jian zhou Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijng 100084P.R.China

We explain how to construct a quantum deformation of a spectral curve associated to a tau-function of the KP hierarchy.This construction is applied to Witten-Kontsevich tau-function to give a natural explanation of so... 详细信息

关键词： KP hierarchy tau-functions spectral curves

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A new portable open-path instrument for ambient NH_(3) and on-road emission measurements

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 606-614页

作者： Wenhao Dai Shanshan Wang Sanbao Zhang jian Zhu Chuanqi Gu Zhibin Sun Ruibin Xue bin zhou Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Shanghai 202162China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Increased attentions to vehicle emission of NH_(3)have been paid since it is generally regarded as an important source in urban areas.Here,we developed a movable instrument based on Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(DOAS)principle for detecting on-road NH_(3),which can avoid the losses in the sampling process attributed to the non-sampling methods.For this mobile DOAS,the temporal resolution,detection limit and relative error for NH_(3)were 1 min,2.29 ppbv and 4.57%±2.44%,respectively.By employed to the on-road measurements along the arterial highway in Shanghai,the spatial distributions of NH_(3)and NO were obtained,and their dependence of traffic and road conditions were studied.The slopes of linear regression between NH_(3)and NO were 0.40,0.02 and 0.07 on the Middle Ring Road,Outer Ring Road and Chongming Island Ring Road.It indicates that light gasoline vehicles(LGVs)were found to be the main contributor to NH_(3)emissions,while heavy-duty diesel vehicles(HDVs)mainly emitted NO.Based on the measured NH_(3)in the tunnel,the mileagebased NH_(3)emission factor per vehicle was estimated to be 17.9±6.3 mg/km.The reported open-path instrument can be broadly used in on-road pollutant monitoring or vehicle emissions,and the measurements can reveal the real situation of emission characteristics,even find the abnormal operations of vehicle catalyst system.

关键词： Ammonia Traffic emissions DOAS Emission factor Mobile measurements

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Corrosion behavior of pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H SS and GH3535)in liquid GaInSn

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 70-83页

作者： jian-Hui Yu Hong-Xia Xu Xiang-Xi Ye bin Leng Han-Xun Qiu Xing-Tai zhou School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

In this study,the interactions between a Ga-based liquid metal,GaInSn,and several metal materials,including pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H stainless steel(SS)and GH3535),at 650℃were investigated.The aim was to evaluate the corrosion performance and select a suitable candidate material for use as a molten salt manometer diaphragm in thermal energy storage systems.The results indicated that the alloys(316H SS and GH3535)exhibited less corrosion than pure metals(Ni and Ti)in liquid GaInSn.Ga-rich binary intermetallic compounds were found to form on the surfaces of all the tested metal materials exposed to liquid GaInSn,as a result of the decomposition of liquid GaInSn and its reaction with the constituent elements of the metal materials.The corrosion mechanism for all the tested materials exposed to liquid GaInSn was also investigated and proposed,which may aid in selecting the optimal candidate material when liquid GaInSn is used as the pressure-sensing medium.

关键词： Metal materials Liquid GaInSn Corrosion Intermetallic compounds Thermal energy storage systems

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Trace inequalities, isocapacitary inequalities, and regularity of the complex Hessian equations

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第3期67卷 557-576页

作者： Jiaxiang Wang bin zhou Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

In this paper, we study the relations between trace inequalities(Sobolev and Moser-Trudinger types), isocapacitary inequalities, and the regularity of the complex Hessian and Monge-Amp`ere equations with respect to a general nonnegative Borel measure. We obtain a quantitative characterization for these relations through the properties of the capacity-minimizing functions.

关键词： complex Monge-Ampère equations plurisubharmonic functions Sobolev inequality Moser-Trudinger inequality

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Grain refinement of 5A06 aluminum alloy welds caused by tungsten inert gas welding arc characteristics under Ar-He alternating gas supply conditions:a coupled method of water-cooled copper plate test/numerical simulation

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第3期31卷 767-777页

作者： Hong-bin Dai jian Miao Jia-xin Lin School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150040HeilongjiangChina

The welding arc,as a carrier for the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy,has a direct impact on the quality of welding by its properties and states.In the tungsten inert gas(TIG)welding process under the condition of Ar-He alternating gas supply,the arc is alternately converted between Ar arc and He arc with an alternating gas supply cycle,which has obvious arc change characteristics.The FLUENT software was used to numerically simulate the characteristics of the TIG arc under the condition of alternating gas supply,and the arc temperature field,arc pressure,electric potential and current density distribution under the condition of alternating gas supply were obtained.Combined with the real-time data of arc pressure measured by the water-cooled copper plate with holes,it is proved that the TIG arc has obvious dynamic characteristics under the condition of Ar-He alternating gas supply.This unique dynamic TIG arc acts on the 5A06 aluminum alloy weld,causing the molten pool to stir,resulting in uniform microstructure and grain refinement at the weld,and thereby improving the mechanical properties of the welded joint.

关键词： Alternating gas supply Grain refinement Numerical simulation Tungsten argon arc morphology Microstructure Mechanical property

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Evolutionary mechanisms and practical significance of reproductive success and clonal diversity in unisexual vertebrate polyploids

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 449-459页

作者： Meng Lu Li zhou jian-Fang Gui State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Hubei Hongshan Laboratorythe Innovation Academy of Seed DesignInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Unisexual reproduction is generally relevant to polyploidy, and unisexual vertebrates are often considered an evolutionary “dead end” due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations and absence of genetic diversity. However, some unisexual polyploids have developed strategies to avoid genomic decay, and thus provide ideal models to unveil unexplored evolutionary mechanisms, from the reproductive success to clonal diversity creation. This article reviews the evolutionary mechanisms for overcoming meiotic barrier and generating genetic diversity in unisexual vertebrates, and summarizes recent research advancements in the polyploid Carassius complex. Gynogenetic gibel carp(Carassius gibelio) is a unique amphitriploid that has undergone a recurrent autotriploidy and has overcome the bottleneck of triploid sterility via gynogenesis. Recently, an efficient strategy in which ploidy changes, including from amphitriploid to amphitetraploid, then from amphitetraploid to novel amphitriploid, drive unisexual-sexual-unisexual reproduction transition and clonal diversity has been revealed.Based on this new discovery, multigenomic reconstruction biotechnology has been used to breed a novel strain with superior growth and stronger disease resistance. Moreover, a unique reproduction mode that combines both abilities of ameiotic oogenesis and sperm-egg fusion,termed as ameio-fusiongensis, has been discovered, and it provides an efficient approach to synthesize sterile allopolyploids. In order to avoid ecological risks upon escape and protect the sustainable property rights of the aquaculture seed industry, a controllable fertility biotechnology approach for precise breeding is being developed by integrating sterile allopolyploid synthesis and gene-editing techniques.This review provides novel insights into the origin and evolution of unisexual vertebrates and into the attempts being made to exploit new breeding biotechnologies in aquaculture.

关键词： unisexual vertebrates polyploidy reproduction transition clonal diversity precise breeding genomic reconstruction controllable fertility

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