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Artificial selection of the Green Revolution gene Semidwarf 1 is implicated in upland rice breeding

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 769-780页

作者： Shuliang jiao Qinyan li Fan Zhang Yonghong Tao Yingzhen Yu Fan Yao Qingmao li Fengyi Hu liyu Huang Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wenshan 663000China

Semidwarf breeding has boosted crop production and is a well-known outcome from the first Green Revolution. The Green Revolution gene Semidwarf 1(SD1), which modulates gibberellic acid(GA) biosynthesis, plays a principal role in determining rice plant height. Mutations in SD1 reduce rice plant height and promote lodging resistance and fertilizer tolerance to increase grain production. The plant height mediated by SD1 also favors grain yield under certain conditions. However, it is not yet known whether the function of SD1 in upland rice promotes adaptation and grain production. In this study, the plant height and grain yield of irrigated and upland rice were comparatively analyzed under paddy and dryland conditions. In response to dryland environments, rice requires a reduction in plant height to cope with water deficits. Upland rice accessions had greater plant heights than their irrigated counterparts under both paddy and dryland conditions, and appropriately reducing plant height could improve adaptability to dryland environments and maintain high grain yield formation. Moreover, upland rice cultivars with thicker stem diameters had stronger lodging resistance, which addresses the lodging problem. Knockout of SD1 in the upland rice cultivar IRAT104 reduced the plant height and grain yield, demonstrating that the adjustment of plant height mediated by SD1 could increase grain production in dryland fields. In addition, an SD1 genetic diversity analysis verified that haplotype variation causes phenotypic variation in plant height. During the breeding history of rice, SD1 allelic mutations were selected from landraces to improve the grain yield of irrigated rice cultivars, and this selection was accompanied by a reduction in plant height. Thus, five known mutant alleles were analyzed to verify that functional SD1 is required for upland rice production. All these results suggest that SD1 might have undergone artificial positive selection in upland rice, which provides

关键词： Green Revolution Semidwarf 1 high-yield breeding upland rice plant height

Utilization of Basalt Saw Mud as a Spherical Porous Functional Aggregate for the Preparation of Ordinary Structure Concrete

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第2期39卷 364-375页

作者：周永祥关青锋 LENG Faguang WANG jing li Tianjun Faculty of Architecture Civil and Transportation EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100012China School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Institute of Building Materials China Academy of Building ResearchBeijing 100013China State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment Beijing 100013China Zhejiang Chinavigor E.P.Technology Co. Ltd.Zhejiang 315043China

To promote the production and application of artificial aggregates,save natural sand resources and protect the ecological environment,we evaluated the feasibility of using spherical porous functional aggregates(SPFAs) formed by basalt saw mud under autoclave curing in ordinary structural *** our work,two types of prewetted functional aggregates were taken as replacements for natural aggregates with different volume substitution rates(0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,and 30%) in the preparation of ordinary structural concrete with water-to-binder ratios(W/B) of 0.48 and *** effects of the functional aggregate properties and content,W/B,and curing age on the fluidity,density,mechanical properties and autogenous shrinkage of ordinary concrete were *** experimental results showed that the density of concrete declined at a rate of not more than 5%,and the 28 d compressive strength could reach 31.0-68.2 *** W/B,long curing age and high-quality functional aggregates were conducive to enhancing the mechanical properties of SPFAs *** the rolling effects,SPFAs can optimize the particle gradation of aggregate systems and improve the fluidity of concrete,and the water stored inside SPFAs provides an internal curing effect,which prolongs the cement hydration process and considerably reduces the autogenous shrinkage of *** exhibits high strength and high density,as well as being more cost-effective and ecological,and is expected to be widely employed in ordinary structural concrete.

关键词： lightweight concrete civil concrete building basalt saw mud fly ash internal curing environmentally friendly

The main strategies for soil pollution apportionment:A review of the numerical methods

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 95-109页

作者： Bin Shi jing Meng TieyuWang Qianqian li Qifan Zhang Guijin Su Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention Shantou UniversityShantou 515063China

Nowadays,a large number of compounds with different physical and chemical properties have been determined in *** behaviors and source identification of pollutants in soil are the foundation of soil pollution *** and quantitative analysis of potential pollution sources are the prerequisites for its prevention and *** efforts have made to develop methods for identifying the sources of soil *** efforts have involved the measurement of source and receptor parameters and the analysis of their relationships via numerical statistics *** have comprehensively reviewed the progress made in the development of source apportionment methodologies to date and present our *** numerical methods,such as spatial geostatistics analysis,receptor models,and machine learning methods are addressed in *** most cases,however,the effectiveness of any single approach for source apportionment remains *** multiple methods to address soil quality problems can reduce uncertainty about the sources of soil *** review also constructively highlights the key strategies of combining mathematical models with the assessment of chemical profiles to provide more accurate source *** review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of source apportionment methodologies to help promote further development.

关键词： Soil pollutants Source attribution Methodologies Chemical profiles Mathematical models

Evolution model and failure mechanisms of rainfall-induced cracked red clay slopes:insights from Xinshao County,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 867-881页

作者： jiao Weizhi ZHANG Ming li Peng XIE Junjin PANG Haisong liU Fuxing YANG Long Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Red clay landslides are widely distributed worldwide,resulting in severe loss of life and *** rainfall-induced red clay slopes have received extensive attention,the role of cracks in the evolutionary process of red clay slopes and their connection to failure mechanisms is still poorly understood.A comprehensive approach integrating field investigation,laboratory tests,and numerical simulations was conducted to study the 168 red clay landslides in Xinshao County,*** results show that red clay is prone to forming cracks at high moisture content due to its low swelling and high shrinkage *** failure mode of red clay slopes can be summarized in three stages:crack generation,slope excavation,and slope ***,the retrospective analysis and numerical simulations of the typical landslide in Guanchong indicated that intense rainfall primarily impacts the shallow layer of soil within approximately 0.5 m on the intact ***,cracks change the pattern of rainfall infiltration in the *** infiltrates rapidly through the preferential channels induced by the cracks rather than uniformly and slowly from the slope *** results in a significant increase in both the depth of infiltration and the saturated zone area of the cracked slope,reaching 3.8 m and 36.2 m^(2),***,the factor of safety of the slope decreases by 13.4%compared to the intact slope,ultimately triggering *** study can provide valuable insights into understanding the failure mechanisms of red clay slopes in China and other regions with similar geological settings.

关键词： Red clay slopes Cracks Preferential flow Failure mechanism

Core-shell nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy in situ probing the composition and evolution of interfacial species on PtCo surfaces

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4687-4692页

作者： jing liu Han-liang Zhong Xiangyu li Mu-Fei Yue Wei-Min Yang Xueqiu You jing-Hua Tian Yao-Hui Wang Jian-Feng li Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Oceanic Information Perception and Intelligent Processing School of Ocean Information EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamen 361021China College of Chemistry Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and InstrumentationiChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollege of MaterialsCollege of EnergyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM) Xiamen 361005China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University Shenzhen 518000China

The composition and evolution of interfacial species play a key role during electrocatalytic *** the structural evolution and intermediate during catalytic process by in situ characterization can shed new light on the electrocatalytic reaction mechanism and develop highly efficient ***,directly probing the interfacial species is extremely difficult for most spectroscopic techniques due to complicated interfacial environment and ultra-low surface ***,electrochemical core-shell nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy is utilized to probe the composition and evolution processes of interfacial species on Au@Pt,Au@Co,and Au@PtCo core-shell nanoparticle *** spectral evidences of interfacial intermediates including hydroxide radical(OH*),superoxide ion(O_(2)^(−)),as well as metal oxide species are directly captured by in situ Raman spectroscopy,which are further confirmed by the both isotopic experiment and density functional theory *** results provide a mechanistic guideline for the rational design of highly efficient electrocatalysts.

关键词： in situ Raman core-shell nanoparticle PtCo interfacial species composition and evolution

A theoretical framework for improved fire suppression by linking management models with smart early fire detection and suppression technologies

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 1-13页

作者： li Meng Jim O’Hehir jing Gao Stefan Peters Anthony Hay University of South Australia AdelaideSAAustralia Esk Spatial InvermayTASAustralia

Bushfires are devastating to forest managers,owners,residents,and the natural *** tech-nological advances indicate a potential for faster response times in terms of detecting and suppressing ***,to date,all these technologies have been applied in *** paper introduces the latest fire detection and sup-pression technologies from ground to *** operations research method was used to assemble these technologies into a theoretical framework for fire detection and *** framework harnesses the advantages of satellite-based,drone,sensor,and human reporting technologies as well as image processing and artificial intelligence machine *** study concludes that,if a system is designed to maximise the use of available technologies and carefully adopts them through complementary arrangements,a fire detection and resource suppression system can achieve the ultimate aim:to reduce the risk of fire hazards and the dam-age they may cause.

关键词： Forest fire Resource suppression Smart fire detection and suppression system Forest fire management Holistic system

Electrodeposition of rare refractory metals in low-temperature ionic liquids

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 4921-4933页

作者： lin-lin Wang Han-Dong jiao Rui Yuan Le-Yang li Man-Peng lin Rui-Yang Sun Jiu-San Xiao Shu-Qiang jiao Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing

Rare refractory metals(RRMs) play a significant role in fundamental industries, including electronics,chemical industry, machinery, etc., and future advanced fields, such as aerospace and superconductivity. However,the traditional production processes of RRMs based on high-temperature thermal reduction cannot meet the requirements of low-energy consumption. This dilemma could be addressed efficiently by using a low-temperature electrodeposition strategy in ionic liquids(ILs). This review summarizes a panoramic view of the latest developments on the electrodeposition of RRMs in ILs after a brief review on the current industrial production methods of RRMs. Based on this, the electrochemical mechanism occurring at the cathode during the electrodeposition process of RRMs in different electrolytes and under different conditions is thoroughly discussed, because it is crucial for the successful production of pure RRMs. In addition, this review not only analyses the main challenges that hinder the industrial application of the electrodeposition of RRMs in ILs, but also proposes corresponding solutions. We hope this review can provide a valuable guidance for the fundamental research and industrial development of lowtemperature electrodeposition of RRMs.

关键词： Chemical industry

Intestinal microecological transplantation for a patient with chronic radiation enteritis:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第19期30卷 2603-2611页

作者： lin Wang Yan li Yu-jing Zhang li-Hua Peng Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing 100853China

BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is strongly associated with radiation-induced gut *** study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intestinal microecological transplantation for treating patients with chronic radiation *** SUMMARY A 64-year-old female with cervical cancer developed abdominal pain,diarrhea,and blood in the stool 1 year after *** electronic colonoscopy was performed to diagnose chronic radiation *** courses of intestinal microecological transplantation and full-length 16S rRNA microbiological analysis were *** patient experienced short-and long-term relief from symptoms without adverse *** 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant differences in the intestinal flora’s composition between patient and healthy *** bacteria,such as Escherichia fergusonii and Romboutsia timonensis,were more in the *** bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans,Ruminococcus bromii,and Bifidobacterium longum were more in the healthy *** microbiota transplantation resulted in a significant change in the patient's intestinal flora *** composition converged with the donor's flora,with an increase in core beneficial intestinal bacteria,such as Eubacterium rectale,and a decrease in pathogenic *** in the intestinal flora corresponded with the patients'alleviating clinical *** Intestinal microecological transplantation is an effective treatment for relieving the clinical symptoms of chronic radiation enteritis by altering the composition of the intestinal *** study provides a new approach for treating patients with chronic radiation enteritis.

关键词： Chronic radiation enteritis Gut microbial transplantation Intestinal microecology Cancer Quality of life Case report

Train-induced aerodynamic characteristics of vertical sound barriers influenced by several factors

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 177-193页

作者： Xiaowei Qiu Xiaozhen li jing Zheng Ming Wang State Key Laboratory of Bridge Intelligent and Green Construction Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756SichuanChina Wind Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756SichuanChina School of Architecture and Civil Engineering West Anhui UniversityLu’anAnhuiChina

Investigations into the aerodynamic properties of vertical sound barriers exposed to high-speed operations employ computational fluid *** primary focus of this research is to evaluate the influence of train speed and the distance(D)from the track centerline under various operating *** findings elucidate a marked elevation in the aerodynamic effect amplitude on sound barriers as train speeds *** single-train passages,the aerodynamic effect amplitude manifests a direct relationship with the square of the train *** two trains pass each other,the aerodynamic amplitude intensifies due to an additional aerodynamic increment on the sound *** increment exhibits an approximate quadratic correlation with the retrograde train ***,the impact of high-speed trains on sound barrier aerodynamics surpasses that of low-speed trains,and this discrepancy amplifies with larger speed differentials between ***,the train-induced aerodynamic effect diminishes significantly with greater distance(D),with occurrences of pressure coefficient(CP)exceeding the standard thresholds during dual-train *** study culminates in the formulation of universal equations for quantifying the influence of train speed and distance(D)on sound barrier aerodynamic characteristics across various operational scenarios.

关键词： Aerodynamic characteristic Sound barrier Two trains passing each other Distance from track centerline CFD simulation