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Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 25-66页

作者： Lei CHEN Yiqi CHEN Zhufei CHU Wenji FANG Tsung-Yi HO Ru HUANG Yu HUANG Sadaf KHAN Min LI Xingquan LI Yu LI yun LIANG Jinwei liu Yi liu Yibo LIN Guojie LUO Hongyang PAN Zhengyuan SHI Guangyu SUN Dimitrios TSARAS Runsheng WANG Ziyi WANG Xinming WEI Zhiyao XIE Qiang XU Chenhao XUE Junchi YAN Jun YANG Bei YU Mingxuan YUAN Evangeline F.Y.YOUNG Xuan ZENG Haoyi ZHANG Zuodong ZHANG Yuxiang ZHAO Hui-Ling ZHEN Ziyang ZHENG Binwu ZHU Keren ZHU Sunan ZOU Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University Huawei HiSilicon Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Computer Science Peking University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and System Fudan University School of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Within the electronic design automation(EDA) domain, artificial intelligence(AI)-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an “AI4EDA” approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding,overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This study argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-rooted EDA from the ground up, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, register-transfer level(RTL) designs, circuit netlists,and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models(LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-rooted philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound “shift-left” in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design-tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area(PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems' capabilities.

关键词： AI-rooted EDA large circuit models (LCMs) multimodal circuit representation learning circuit optimization

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改性瓜尔胶/乳清蛋白/芦丁复合膜的制备、表征及其对双孢菇贮藏品质的影响

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食品科学 2024年第5期45卷 233-242页

作者：刘海鹏李玲韩佳利姜鑫冯磊王佳山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院山东淄博255049

以改性瓜尔胶和乳清蛋白为原料复合成膜,研究发现当两者质量配比为1∶0.6时,综合复合膜的机械性能、阻隔性能和热稳定性能表现最优,此时膜的拉伸强度为39.92MPa,断裂伸长率为31.13%,热分解温度为147.85℃,通过两者间的复合可有效弥补单... 详细信息

以改性瓜尔胶和乳清蛋白为原料复合成膜,研究发现当两者质量配比为1∶0.6时,综合复合膜的机械性能、阻隔性能和热稳定性能表现最优,此时膜的拉伸强度为39.92MPa,断裂伸长率为31.13%,热分解温度为147.85℃,通过两者间的复合可有效弥补单体膜的缺陷。另外,扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱的测试结果表明该膜具有光滑、透明的特征,且两者间的相容性好。通过向膜中添加芦丁,制备出改性瓜尔胶/乳清蛋白/芦丁复合膜(G’/W-R),结果表明,芦丁的加入可赋予膜良好的抗氧化性。同时,将复合膜应用于保鲜实验时,发现G’/W-R可有效延缓双孢菇褐变并维持较高的硬度,抑制呼吸速率,呼吸峰值仅为2.8×10^(3)mL/(kg·h),而整体质量损失率仅为对照组的25%。同时该处理有效抑制了过氧化氢、超氧阴离子自由基及丙二醛水平,有利于维持细胞膜的完整性和稳定性;终止自由基链反应,维持过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶以及过氧化氢酶的活性,有效清除菇体中多余的活性氧,延长其保鲜期。

关键词：瓜尔胶乳清蛋白芦丁双孢菇保鲜

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Rhizoma Drynariae-derived nanovesicles reverse osteoporosis by potentiating osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via targeting ERα signaling

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 2210-2227页

作者： Qing Zhao Junjie Feng Fubin liu Qianxin Liang Manlin Xie jiaming Dong Yanfang Zou jiali Ye Guilong liu Yue Cao Zhaodi Guo Hongzhi Qiao Lei Zheng Kewei Zhao Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510378China Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Herbal-derived Vesicles Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510006China Department of Laboratory Medicine Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000China Department of Blood Transfusion Guangdong Heyou International HospitalFoshan 528306China School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China

Although various anti-osteoporosis drugs are available,the limitations of these therapies,including drug resistance and collateral responses,require the development of novel anti-osteoporosis *** Drynariae displays a promising anti-osteoporosis effect,while the effective component and mechanism remain ***,we revealed the therapeutic potential of Rhizoma Drynariae-derived nanovesicles(RDNVs)for postmenopausal osteoporosis and demonstrated that RDNVs potentiated osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs)by targeting estrogen receptor-alpha(ERα).RDNVs,a natural product isolated from fresh Rhizoma Drynariae root juice by differential ultracentrifugation,exhibited potent bone tissue-targeting activity and anti-osteoporosis efficacy in an ovariectomized mouse ***,effectively internalized by hBMSCs,enhanced proliferation and ERαexpression levels of hBMSC,and promoted osteogenic differentiation and bone ***,via the ERαsignaling pathway,RDNVs facilitated mRNA and protein expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and runt-related transcription factor 2 in hBMSCs,which are involved in regulating osteogenic *** analysis revealed that naringin,existing in RDNVs,was the active component targeting ERαin the osteogenic *** together,our study identified that naringin in RDNVs displays exciting bone tissue-targeting activity to reverse osteoporosis by promoting hBMSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation through estrogen-like effects.

关键词： Rhizoma Drynariae-derived nanovesicles Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Bone targeting Osteogenic differentiation ERαsignaling Naringin Bone morphogenetic protein 2 Runt-related transcription factor 2

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综合护理彩虹模型的研究进展及启示

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中华护理杂志 2024年第4期59卷 496-501页

作者：周王青刘言刘力硕李佳朱蓝玉尹晓彤长春中医药大学护理学院长春市130117 山东第一医科大学附属省立医院感染性疾病科

综合护理彩虹模型(Rainbow Model of Integrated Care,RMIC)是在彩虹模型基础上融合了初级保健原则、综合护理特性以及三重目标框架,有助于研究者从初级保健的角度更好地理解综合护理,从而科学构思、策划、实施、管理综合护理实践方案... 详细信息

综合护理彩虹模型(Rainbow Model of Integrated Care,RMIC)是在彩虹模型基础上融合了初级保健原则、综合护理特性以及三重目标框架,有助于研究者从初级保健的角度更好地理解综合护理,从而科学构思、策划、实施、管理综合护理实践方案。该文介绍了RMIC的产生与发展、概念框架、测量工具及其在综合护理中的应用,以期为提高国内综合护理质量和积极转变医疗卫生保健服务模式提供指导依据。

关键词：彩虹模型综合护理初级保健护理综述

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第9期20卷 901-914页

作者： Ying-Shuo Wang yun-Lian Zhou Guan-Nan Bai Shu-Xian Li Dan Xu Li-Na Chen Xing Chen Xiao-Yan Dong Hong-Min Fu Zhou Fu Chuang-Li Hao jian-Guo Hong En-Mei liu Han-Min liu Xiao-Xia Lu Zheng-Xiu Luo Lan-Fang Tang Man Tian Yong Yin Xiao-Bo Zhang jian-Hua Zhang Hai-Lin Zhang De-Yu Zhao Shun-Ying Zhao Guo-Hong Zhu Ying-Xue Zou Quan Lu Yuan-Yuan Zhang Zhi-Min Chen Department of Pulmonology Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052China Department of Child Health Care Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052China Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Pediatrics Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250021China Department of Pulmonology Shanghai Children’s HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200062China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Kunming Children’s HospitalKunming 650034China Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014China Department of Pulmonology Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215003China Department of Pediatrics Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China Department of Respiratory Medicine Wuhan Children’s HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430015China Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008China Department of Respiratory Medicine Shanghai Children’s Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 201102China Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100045China Departmen

Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae(***)is a significant contributor to community-acquired pneumonia among *** 1968,when a strain of *** resistant to macrolide antibiotics was initially reported in Japan,macrolide-resistant ***(MRMP)has been documented in many countries worldwide,with varying incidence *** infections lead to a poor response to macrolide antibiotics,frequently resulting in prolonged fever,extended antibiotic treatment,increased hospitalization,intensive care unit admissions,and a significantly higher proportion of patients receiving glucocorticoids or second-line *** 2000,the global incidence of MRMP has gradually increased,especially in East Asia,which has posed a serious challenge to the treatment of *** infections in children and attracted widespread attention from ***,there is still no global consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of MRMP in *** We organized 29 Chinese experts majoring in pediatric pulmonology and epidemiology to write the world’s first consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric MRMP pneumonia,based on evidence *** evidence searches and reviews were conducted using electronic databases,including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,Medline,and the Cochrane *** used variations in terms for“macrolide-resistant”,“Mycoplasma pneumoniae”,“MP”,“***”,“pneumonia”,“MRMP”,“lower respiratory tract infection”,“Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection”,“children”,and“pediatric”.Results Epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,early identification,laboratory examination,principles of antibiotic use,application of glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin,and precautions for bronchoscopy are *** and rapid identification of gene mutations associated with MRMP is now available by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent probe techniques in respiratory *** the resistance rate to mac

关键词： Child Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Recommendation Diagnosis Treatment

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日本的全球安全发展问题探析

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Contemporary International Relations 2024年第2期34卷 56-78页

作者：刘云田正 Media Center at China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations China-Japan Economic Research Center

Against the backdrop of the current international situation,which remains complex and fast-changing, Japan dances to America's tune, attempting to rebuild its industrial power featuring “strategic indispensability,” establish resource power based on the independent and stable supply of strategic materials, and construct normative power to influence or even dominate the international economic order. Such an approach closely echoes the current three strategic preferences of Japan:re-emergence as a global power has been Japan's long-held political aspiration, conservatism defines the country's way of thinking, and liberalization and openness reflect realistic needs. Japan relies excessively on conservative thinking, overemphasizes “small security,” and stresses “strategic autonomy.” However, the greater importance it places on security, the less secure it will become. Similarly, decoupling and supply chain disruption will only retard the development of Japan, pushing the country into the trap of Braess' s Paradox. The rise of the East, the decline of the West, and the advent of the Asian century are historical *** cannot achieve secure development in isolation from Asia and the East, much less from China.

关键词： industrial power Japan normative power resource power secure development

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自贸区设立何以赋能经济高质量发展——基于贸易、投资与创新的视角

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江汉大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第1期41卷 117-128页

作者：刘佳秦芳吉林农业大学经济管理学院吉林长春130118

自贸区是国内国际双循环背景下新一轮改革开放的“试验田”,其带来的制度创新与全方位改革对于驱动经济高质量发展具有重要意义。基于2000—2021年省级面板数据,借助自由贸易试验区设立这一准自然实验情景,系统考察自贸区设立对经济高... 详细信息

自贸区是国内国际双循环背景下新一轮改革开放的“试验田”,其带来的制度创新与全方位改革对于驱动经济高质量发展具有重要意义。基于2000—2021年省级面板数据,借助自由贸易试验区设立这一准自然实验情景,系统考察自贸区设立对经济高质量发展的影响。研究发现:自贸区设立显著促进了经济高质量发展,这一结论经稳健性检验后依旧成立。从作用机制来看,自贸区设立通过贸易效应、投资效应及创新效应三条内在路径影响经济高质量发展。异质性分析发现,自贸区建设引致的经济高质量发展效应在不同设立批次、区位特征省份间存在异质性,且对设立批次早、内陆地区省份产生明显偏好。拓展性分析发现,自贸区建设通过空间溢出效应推动邻近地区经济高质量发展。研究结论在理论上为经济高质量发展新路径探索提供了全新视角,实践上为自贸区持续深化改革创新、推进更高水平对外开放提供了经验证据。

关键词：自由贸易试验区经济高质量发展准自然实验双重差分

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Electric-Induced Cycloelimination for Simulating Structural Plasticity in Organic Nociceptors

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1466-1476页

作者： Zhiheng Zhu Kai liu Haojie Huang Yangshuang Bian Mingcong Qin Chengyu Wang Wei Wen Mingliang Zhu Wenkang Shi Yanwei liu Zhiyuan Zhao Huijuan Yan Hanlin Wang yunqi liu yunlong Guo Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190

Continuous lifelong acquisition,updating,and finetuning of knowledge and skills is of crucial significance for the survival of ***,current neuromorphic devices exhibit obvious catastrophic forgetting when restimulated by new *** remains a challenge for neuromorphic devices and artificial intelligence to achieve continuous ***,we propose an electric-induced cycloelimination strategy to realize an organic transistor nociceptor that can simulate synaptic and structural *** system benefits from the ring-opening characteristics of cross-linked poly(vinyl cinnamate)under a strong pulse voltage,during which new energy-level trap states are *** prepared organic transistor nociceptors exhibit both structural and synaptic *** simulate the characteristics of human nociceptors,including threshold,relaxation,sensitization,and maladaptation *** the first time,we have simulated and explored the structural plasticity behavior in organisms based on electronic *** remarkably,the transistor nociceptors realize the reinput of information without forgetting the initial informa *** strategy developed for the preparation of organic transistor nociceptors provides insights for addressing the catastrophic forgetting in the lifelong learning of intelligent neuromorphic devices.

关键词： electric-induced cycloelimination structural plasticity organic nociceptors organic transistors metaplasticity

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裂纹对金属磁记忆信号影响的试验研究

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工程力学 2024年第5期41卷 247-256页

作者：刘柳包胜浙江大学建筑工程学院浙江杭州310058

为分析构件应力集中区域裂纹对磁记忆信号的影响,分别对Q345钢材有裂纹和无裂纹两类菱形缺陷试件开展逐级加载拉伸试验,采集卸载后试件表面磁记忆信号,通过ABAQUS有限元模拟得出试件卸载后等效残余应力分布,对比分析磁记忆信号分布和演... 详细信息

为分析构件应力集中区域裂纹对磁记忆信号的影响,分别对Q345钢材有裂纹和无裂纹两类菱形缺陷试件开展逐级加载拉伸试验,采集卸载后试件表面磁记忆信号,通过ABAQUS有限元模拟得出试件卸载后等效残余应力分布,对比分析磁记忆信号分布和演变规律,提取了4个反映磁记忆信号畸变程度的特征参数。结果表明:磁记忆信号可以反映残余应力扩展的演变过程;由于裂纹的存在,磁记忆信号的分布特征会发生改变;对磁记忆信号特征参数定量分析发现,裂纹的存在不会改变磁记忆信号畸变程度随外加荷载变化的整体规律,但是磁记忆信号畸变程度和其随荷载增大的速率都会增加。

关键词：金属磁记忆残余应力裂纹有限元仿真特征参数

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Weakened tanning ability is an important mechanism for evolutionary skin lightening in East Asians

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第7期51卷 703-713页

作者： Youwei Pu Siyu Pu Yanyan Chen Qinghong Kong Xuyang liu Qi Zhao Ke Xu Jiuming liu Mengyuan Li Xiaoyu Xu Xiaoyang Qiao Bing Su Jing Chen Zhaohui Yang Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Academy of Medical ScienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450052China Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhou 563000China yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research Institute of Primate Translational MedicineKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingYunnan 650500China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

The evolution of light-skin pigmentation among Eurasians is considered as an adaptation to the high-latitude *** Asians are ideal populations for studying skin color evolution because of the complex environment of East ***,we report a strong selection signal for the pigmentation gene phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH)in light-skinned Han Chinese *** intron mutation rs10778203 in PAH is enriched in East Asians and is significantly associated with skin color of the back of the hand in Han Chinese males(P<0.05).In vitro luciferase and transcription factor binding assays show that the ancestral allele of rs10778203 could bind to SMAD2 and has a significant enhancer activity for ***,the derived T allele(the major allele in East Asians)of rs10778203 decreases the binding activity of transcription factors and enhancer ***,the derived T allele of rs10778203 shows a weaker ultraviolet radiation response in A375 cells and zebrafish ***,rs10778203 decreases melanin production in transgenic zebrafish embryos after ultraviolet B(UVB)***,PAH is a potential pigmentation gene that regulates skin tanning *** selection has enriched the adaptive allele,resulting in weakened tanning ability in East Asians,suggesting a unique genetic mechanism for evolutionary skin lightening in East Asians.

关键词： East Asians PAH Skin pigmentation Natural selection Genetic adaptation

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