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Rejuvenation Heat Treatment of the Second-Generation Single-Crystal Superalloy DD6

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第10期28卷 1278-1285页

作者： Zhen-Xue Shi Shi-Zhong liu jia-rong li Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials

The second-generation single-crystal superalloy DD6 with [001] orientation was prepared by screw selecting method in the directionally solidified furnace. The long-term aging of the alloy after full heat treatment was performed at1100 °C for 400 h. Then the rejuvenation heat treatment 1300 °C/4 h/AC ？ 1120 °C/4 h/AC ？ 870 °C/24 h/AC was carried out. The stress rupture properties were investigated at 760 °C/800 MPa, 850 °C/550 MPa, 980 °C/250 MPa and1100 °C/140 MPa after different heat treatments. The microstructures of the alloy at different conditions were studied by SEM. The results show that c0 phase of the alloy became very irregular and larger after long-term aging at 1100 °C for 400 h. A very small amount of needle-shaped TCP phase precipitated in the dendrite core. The coarsened c0 phase and TCP phase dissolved entirely after rejuvenation heat treatment. The microstructure was restored and almost same with the original microstructure. The stress rupture life of the alloy decreased in different degrees at various test conditions after long-term aging. The stress rupture life of the alloy after rejuvenation heat treatment all restores to the original specimen more than 80%at different conditions. The microstructure degradation of the alloy during long-term aging includes coarsening of the c0 phase,P-type raft and precipitation of TCP phase, which results in the degeneration of stress rupture property. The rejuvenation heat treatment succeeds in restoring the original microstructure and stress rupture properties of the alloy.

关键词： Single-crystal superalioy DD6 Rejuvenation heat treatment Stress rupture properties

The microstructure of a single crystal superalloy after different aging heat treatments

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Rare Metals 2018年第3期37卷 210-216页

作者： Xiao-Dai Yue jia-rong li Xiao-Guang Wang Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials

To study the influence of aging heat treatments on the microstructure of single crystal superalloys with high content of refractory elements and optimal the aging heat treatment regimes, a single crystal superalloy containing 22 wt% refractory elements was *** show that for the experimental alloy, even the homogenization-solution heat treatment for 25 h cannot homogenize the alloying elements completely. During primary aging heat treatment, γ＇ phase grows larger and turns to regular cubes. Higher aging temperature induces larger γ＇ cubes. For specimens with primary aging heat treated at 1120 ℃,γ＇ morphology does not change apparently during secondary aging heat treatment. For specimens with primary aging heat treatment at 1150 ℃,γ＇phase in interdendrite grows obviously comparing with that in dendrites. By analyzing the precipitating kinetics of γ＇phase, it is found that owning to the dendrite segregation and different aging heat treatment temperatures, γ＇ phase at different regions grows under the control of different factors at different aging heat treatment stages. The two controlling factors that are driving forces of phase transformation and element diffusion rate induce obviously different growth rates of γ＇ phase. As a result, the γ＇-precipitating behaviors are variable based on different solute concentrations and aging temperatures. For advanced single crystal superalloys that are supposed to be used at relatively high temperatures, the final γ＇ size after aging heat treatment is suggested to be close to the crossing point of diffusion controlling curve and driving force controlling curve corresponding to the serving temperature. And then,high-temperature properties can be improved.

关键词： Single crystal superalloy Aging heat treatment γ' precipitation Kinetics

Effects of Heat Treatment on Surface Recrystallization and Stress Rupture Properties of a Fourth-Generation Single-Crystal Superalloy after Grit Blasting

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第7期30卷 614-620页

作者： Zhen-Xue Shi Shi-Zhong liu Xiao-Guang Wang jia-rong li Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Beijing 100095 China

The specimens of a fourth-generation single-crystal superalloy were grit-blasted and heat-treated in vacuum at 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250 and 1300 °C for 4 h, respectively. Then, the microstructure and the stress rupture properties of the recrystallized alloy were investigated at 1150 °C/120 MPa. The results showed that a cellular recrystallization occurred in the surface layer after heating at 1100, 1150 and 1200 °C for 4 h. An equiaxed recrystallization formed as the specimen was heat-treated at 1300 °C for 4 h, while a mixed recrystallization occurred in the specimen heat-treated at 1250 °C for 4 h. The recrystallized depth clearly increased with a rise of the heat treatment temperature. The stress rupture life continuously decreased with a rise of the heat treatment temperature up to 1250 °C. Although the overall stress rupture life reduced to different degrees, the stress rupture life of specimen after heat treatment at 1300 °C was relatively high and intermediate between those of specimens treated at 1150 and 1200 °C. The fact that the stress rupture life reduced to different degrees after heat treatment can be attributed to the recrystallization of the surface layer and to the microstructure evolution of the interior of the specimen. The small γ’ phase precipitated again after heat treatment at 1300 °C for 4 h. So,the stress rupture life was relatively longer than that after heat treatment at 1200 or 1250 °C although the equiaxed recrystallization formed in the surface layer.

关键词： Single-crystal superalloy Heat treatment Recrystallization Stress rupture properties

Forming and growing mechanisms of homogenization-solution pores in a single crystal superalloy

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Rare Metals 2018年第5期37卷 399-406页

作者： Xiao-Dai Yue jia-rong li Xiao-Guang Wang Zhen-Xue Shi Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials

The forming and growing mechanisms of homogenization-solution pores in a single crystal superalloy were investigated. The microstructures were observed with optical microscope （OM） and field emission microscope （FEM） after homogenization-solution heat treated at 1328℃ and 1350 ℃ for 2 h, 6 h and 9 h. Results indicate that when heat treated at 1328 ℃, pores appear at the interface of eutectic and matrix at first and then leave in the matrix with the shrink of eutectic. When heat treated at 1350 ℃, incipient melting happens at first, and some of them have a pore in the center. After that, with the homogenization-solution process, incipient melting microstructure fades away gradually. By analyzing the results with thermodynamics and kinetics methods, it is concluded that some pores nucleate during directional solidification and then become larger and visible during homogenization-solution heat treatments; some pores are generated by incipient melting, yet such pores are difficult to be distinguished from other pores; imbalanced elements cross-diffusion induces to the forming and growing of pores too, and such imbalanced diffusion also plays an important part on the growth of all preexisting pores.

关键词： Single crystal superalloy Pore Homogenization Solution Heat treatment Incipient melting

Effects of Ru on the microstructure and phase stability of a single crystal superalloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第11期19卷 1004-1009页

作者： Zhen-xue Shi jia-rong li Shi-zhong liu Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory Beijing Institute of Aeronautical MaterialsBeijing 100095China

Two experimental single crystal superalloys, the Ru-free alloy and the Ru-containing alloy with [001 ] orientation, were cast in a directionally solidified furnace, while other alloying element contents were kept unchanged. The effects of Ru on the microstructure and phase stability of the single crystal superalloy were investigated, y＇ directional coarsening and rafting were observed in the Ru-free alloy and Ru-containing alloy after long-term aging at 1070~C for 800 h. Needle-shaped o topologically close packed （TCP） phases precipitated and grew along the fixed direction in both the alloys. The precipitating rate and volume fraction of TCP phases decreased significantly by adding Ru. The compositions ofy and y＇ phases measured using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope （EDS） in transmission electron microscopy （TEM） analysis showed that the addition of Ru lessened the partition ratio of TCP forming elements, Re, W and Mo, and decreased the satu- ration degrees of these elements in y phase, which can enable the Ru-containing alloy to be more resistant to the formation of TCP phases. It is indicated that the addition of Ru to the Ni-based single crystal superalloy with high content of the refractory alloying element can enhance phase stability.

关键词： superalloys nickel alloys single crystals ruthenium microstructure phase stability

Tensile Behavior of the Second Generation Single Crystal Superalloy DD6

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2015年第8期22卷 738-742页

作者： Zhen-xue SHI Shi-zhong liU jian YU jia-rong li Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials

Tensile properties of the second generation single crystal superalloy DD6 were investigated from 20 ℃ to 1 100 ℃. Microstructure evolution and fracture mechanism were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that the tensile strength decreases slightly with increasing temperature from 20 ℃ to 400 ℃. The tensile strength of the alloy increases with the increase of temperature from 400 ℃ to 800 ℃. Above 800 ℃, the yield strength of the alloy decreases greatly with increasing temperature. The elongation and contraction of area almost present opposite tendency in contrast to changes of the tensile strength. At lower and intermediate temperature （from 20 ℃ to 850 ℃）, the tensile fracture mechanism shows quasi-cleavage mode, while at high temperature （980 ℃ and 1 100 ℃）, it is dimple mode. The γ＇ precipitate morphology still maintains cubic after tensile fracture at lower and intermediate temperature. The γ＇ phase changes into rectangular solid at high temperature. The γ＇ phase is sheared by anti-phase boundary （APB） or stacking faults at lower and intermediate temperature. At high temperature, dislocations overcome γ＇ through by-passing mechanism.

关键词： single crystal superalloy DD6 tensile behavior microstructure evolution

Sub-solvus Cellular Recrystallization and P Phase Formation in a Single-Crystal Superalloy Containing Re

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第1期28卷 72-76页

作者： Long-Chao Zhuo Ming Huang Ji-Chun Xiong jia-rong li Jing Zhu The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) School of Materials Science and Engineering National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing Tsinghua University Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials

Sub-solvus recrystallization behavior of a second-generation single-crystal superalloy has been studied by transmission electron microcopy and scanning transmission electron microcopy. Surface local stress facilitated cellular recrystallization accompanied with formation of twin structure and TCP phase of P during annealing at sub-solvus temperature of 1,100 °C. The precipitation of P phase is considered to be attributed to the coarsening of c0 phase in the recrystallized aggregates which lower the activation energy for atomic migration.

关键词： Nickel-based single-crystal superalloys Interfaces Recrystallization Twin boundary STEM

A novel synthesis of nitroform by the nitrolysis of cucurbituril

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第3期26卷 365-368页

作者： Hong-Yan Lu jia-rong li De-li Yang Qi Zhang Da-Xin Shi Chemical Engineering and Environment Beijing Institute of Technology

Cucurbituril has a high symmetry and rigid *** cucurbit[6]uril（CB[6]） was nitrolyzed with the mixed solution of acetic anhydride in fuming nitric acid,nitroform（NF） was *** also can be obtained by the nitration of both CB[5,7,8].This nitration procedure provides a lower risk,inexpensive,new preparation of nitroform,and the reaction condition of this new method is very mild.

关键词： anhydride inexpensive acetic symmetry rigid oligomer supramolecular hexane condensation solubility

A phase-selective,bis-urea organogelator with a curved bis-naphthalene core

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2017年第4期28卷 782-786页

作者： Huan Yao liu-Pan Yang Zhen-feng He jia-rong li Wei jiang School of Chemical Engineering and Environment Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry South University of Science and Technology of China Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Science School of Chemical Engineering and Environment North University of China

A phase-selective,bis-urea organogelator with a curved bis-naphthalene core was synthesized and *** gelator is capable of gelating a variety of hydrocarbons and *** resulting gels have been characterized by rheology,SEM,and molecular *** gelator can be applied in the powder form for the recovery of a thin layer of petrol oil spill in water.

关键词： Organogelator Phase-selective Bis-naphthalene Supramolecular gel Oil spill recovery