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The terrestrial NPP simulations in China since Last Glacial Maximum

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第18期50卷 2074-2079页

作者： HE Yong DAN Li DONG Wenjie ji jinjun QIN Dahe National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100101 China

Based on Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM), the magnitude and spatial distribution of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) in China is simu-lated during three different geological eras, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Mid-Holocene (MH) and the present. The simulation shows that the glacial-interglacial variation of East Asian summer monsoon in China is the key factor af-fecting the NPP change. During the three eras, mean NPPs are 208 g/m2·a, 409 g/m2·a, and 355 g/m2·a. The total NPPs are 2.05 Pg/a, 3.89 Pg/a and 3.33 Pg/a, respectively. The ter-restrial NPP in China during warm-humid climate is larger than that during cold-arid eras, and the correlation analysis between NPP and climate factors suggests that temperature is the primary factor affecting the terrestrial NPP during 21 kaBP (LGM), and for 6 kaBP (MH) and the present the pri-mary factor is precipitation.

关键词：东亚地区季候风 AVIM 空间分布气候变化

Etherification of Ferrocenyl Alcohol by Highly-efficient Ytterbium Triflate

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第9期29卷 1887-1893页

作者： jiang, Ran Shen, Yechen Zhang, Ying Xu, Xiaoping Shao, jinjun ji, Shunjun Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China

Nucleophilic substitution of ferrocenyl alcohols with various aliphatic alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of ytterbium triflate [Yb（OTf）3] was studied. It was found the unsymmetrical ferrocenyl ethers could be easily obtained in excellent yields when the reactions were performed in primary and secondary alcohols. However, in other organic non-alcoholic solvents such as acetonitrile, the formation of symmetrical ferrocenyl ethers rather than unsymmetrical ones was observed.

关键词： solvolysis ferrocenyl alcohols nucleophilic substitution ytterbium

茶树根腐病拮抗真菌的筛选、鉴定及防病促生特性研究

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中国生物防治学报 2024年第4期40卷 914-926页

作者：邓玉莲谭琳吉进军李桂花黄虹史子涵胡秋龙湖南农业大学茶学教育部重点实验室湖南农业大学园艺学院湖南农业大学植物保护学院湖南省茶业集团股份有限公司

为获得对茶树根腐病原菌Fusarium cugenangense具有良好拮抗效果的拮抗真菌，采用稀释涂布平板法从茶树根腐病根际土壤分离出真菌菌株，利用平板对峙法筛选出拮抗活性较高的菌株，基于形态学观察和ITS测序分析对其进行鉴定，测定其防病... 详细信息

为获得对茶树根腐病原菌Fusarium cugenangense具有良好拮抗效果的拮抗真菌，采用稀释涂布平板法从茶树根腐病根际土壤分离出真菌菌株，利用平板对峙法筛选出拮抗活性较高的菌株，基于形态学观察和ITS测序分析对其进行鉴定，测定其防病促生指标、抑菌谱、挥发性代谢物及难挥发性代谢物的抑菌活性，并评估拮抗菌株发酵液对茶树根腐病的抑菌能力。结果表明，筛选获得一株对茶树根腐病原菌***具有良好抑制效果的菌株CA5，平板对峙抑菌率为77.39%，鉴定为嗜松篮状菌Talaromyces pinophilus；菌株CA5具有产生纤维素酶、β-1,3葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶的能力，还具有解无机磷、解有机磷、解钾、固氮、产铁载体、产IAA以及产氨能力；菌株CA5对其他8种植物病原菌的抑制率均大于60%，抗菌作用具有广谱性；其挥发性代谢物和难挥发性代谢物对茶树根腐病原菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为14.90%和44.33%，发酵液、菌悬液、无菌发酵滤液对茶树根腐病原菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为73.42%、67.32%、25.75%；盆栽试验结果表明，菌株CA5对茶树根腐病防效达56.11%，且对茶树幼苗生长具有促进作用。综上，菌株CA5在防控茶树根腐病方面具有巨大应用潜力。

关键词：茶树根腐病嗜松篮状菌促生能力生物防治

THEORY OF MULTI-YEAR OSCILLATIONS IN OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COUPLED SY

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Science in China,Ser.B 1982年第6期25卷 630-645页

作者：季劲钧 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica

In this paper, the phenomena of the multi-year oscillations in an ocean-atmosphere coupledsystem are discussed theoretically. We have used a zonally-averaged two-dimensional modelin which the atmospheric motion is baroclinic, and the ocean consists of two layers: the mixedlayer and thermocline. Both the atmospheric motion and oceanic motion are coupled each otherby dynamical and thermodynamical interactions. The results indicate that it is the process indeeper layer of ocean that leads to a free-oscillations with a period of about 3 years in thecoupled system. Thus, the important observational fact of the large-scale air-sea interactioncan be demonstrated.

关键词： THEORY OF MULTI-YEAR OSCILLATIONS IN OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COUPLED SY

茶树根腐病拮抗放线菌分离、鉴定及生防潜能研究

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植物保护 2024年第5期50卷 87-96,204页

作者：李桂花谭琳沈程文邓玉莲黄虹史子涵吉进军胡秋龙湖南农业大学茶学教育部重点实验室长沙410128 湖南农业大学园艺学院长沙410128 湖南农业大学植物保护学院长沙410128 湖南省茶业集团股份有限公司长沙410126

为了开发对茶树根腐病菌具有拮抗作用的放线菌资源,从茶树根际土壤中筛选得到一株对根腐病具有良好防治效果的拮抗菌株JK-13,基于形态特征观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA序列分析,确定菌株JK-13为胶样链霉菌Streptomyces gelaticus。平... 详细信息

为了开发对茶树根腐病菌具有拮抗作用的放线菌资源,从茶树根际土壤中筛选得到一株对根腐病具有良好防治效果的拮抗菌株JK-13,基于形态特征观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA序列分析,确定菌株JK-13为胶样链霉菌Streptomyces gelaticus。平板对峙试验结果表明,菌株JK-13对茶树根腐病菌Fusarium cugenangense抑菌率达67.06%,对多种作物的病原真菌表现出了良好的抑菌活性。此外,该菌通过产生具有抑菌活性的挥发性与非挥发性有机物、代谢产物与淀粉水解酶、纤维素水解酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶等胞外酶抑制病原菌生长,对峙培养5 d后病原菌菌丝出现分枝、缢缩、扭曲、畸形、相互缠绕等现象。通过优化发酵培养条件来提升活性代谢产物的含量与病原菌抑制率,结果表明,最适生长碳源、氮源、无机盐分别为麦芽糖、(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)、KCl,最佳发酵培养基配方为小米10 g/L、麦芽糖10 g/L、(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)5 g/L、KCl 2.5 g/L、CaCO_(3)3 g/L,无菌发酵滤液对病原菌抑制率为51.03%,较初始培养条件提高了12.26%。因此,胶样链霉菌JK-13在防控茶树根腐病方面具有较好的开发价值及应用潜力。

关键词：茶树根腐病 Fusarium cugenangense 胶样链霉菌生物防治

Development of Land Surface Model BCC＿AVIM2.0 and Its Preliminary Performance in LS3MIP/CMIP6

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第5期33卷 851-869页

作者： Weiping LI Yanwu ZHANG Xueli SHI Wenyan ZHOU Anning HUANG Mingquan MU Bo QIU jinjun ji Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081China CMA–NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies Nanjing University(NJU)Nanjing 210023China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Earth System Science University of CaliforniaIrvineIrvineCA 92697-3100USA jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The improvements and validation of several parameterization schemes in the second version of the Beijing Climate Center Atmosphere–Vegetation Interaction Model(BCC_AVIM2.0) are introduced in this study. The main updates include a replacement of the water-only lake module by the common land model lake module(Co LM-lake) with a more realistic snow–ice–water–soil framework, a parameterization scheme for rice paddies added in the vegetation module, renewed parameterizations of snow cover fraction and snow surface albedo to accommodate the varied snow aging effect during different stages of a snow season, a revised parameterization to calculate the threshold temperature to initiate freeze(thaw) of soil water(ice) rather than being fixed at 0°C in BCC_AVIM1.0, a prognostic phenology scheme for vegetation growth instead of empirically prescribed dates for leaf onset/fall, and a renewed scheme to depict solar radiation transfer through the vegetation canopy. The above updates have been implemented in BCC_AVIM2.0 to serve as the land component of the BCC Climate System Model(BCC_CSM). Preliminary results of BCC_AVIM in the ongoing Land Surface, Snow, and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project(LS3 MIP) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) show that the overall performance of BCC_AVIM2.0 is better than that of BCC_AVIM1.0 in the simulation of surface energy budgets at the seasonal timescale. Comparing the simulations of annual global land average before and after the updates in BCC_AVIM2.0 reveals that the bias of net surface radiation is reduced from-12.0 to-11.7 W m-2 and the root mean square error(RMSE) is reduced from 20.6 to 19.0 W m-2;the bias and RMSE of latent heat flux are reduced from 2.3 to-0.1 W m-2 and from 15.4 to14.3 W m-2, respectively;the bias of sensible heat flux is increased from 2.5 to 5.1 W m-2 but the RMSE is reduced from 18.4 to 17.0 W m-2.

关键词： BCC_AVIM2.0 LS3MIP CMIP6 surface radiation sensible heat flux latent heat flux

中国区域植被叶面积指数时空分布——机理模型模拟与遥感反演比较

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生态学报 2010年第11期30卷 3057-3064页

作者：黄玫季劲钧中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029

叶面积指数是表征植被冠层特征的重要参数,同时也是决定生态系统净初级生产力的重要因子,它对全球变化和生态系统碳循环研究具有重要意义。目前大范围的叶面积指数只能通过遥感反演和机理模型模拟获得,而通过这两种方法获取的叶面积指... 详细信息

叶面积指数是表征植被冠层特征的重要参数,同时也是决定生态系统净初级生产力的重要因子,它对全球变化和生态系统碳循环研究具有重要意义。目前大范围的叶面积指数只能通过遥感反演和机理模型模拟获得,而通过这两种方法获取的叶面积指数都存在一定的不确定性。利用大气-植被相互作用模型(AVIM2)在0.1°×0.1°经纬度网格上模拟产生了中国区域叶面积指数并与两套使用不同遥感反演方法生成的叶面积指数在空间分布和季节变化特征方面进行了比较。通过比较说明中国区域植被叶面积指数分布主要受水分条件限制,整体呈现东南部高西北部低的趋势。中国区域植被生长的季节变化受季风影响显著,与气温及地表太阳辐射的季节变化趋势相一致。中国区域叶面积指数整体呈现夏季高、春秋季次之而冬季低的趋势。

关键词：叶面积指数 AVIM2 遥感反演样带中国区域

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60年代亚非夏季风十年尺度的突变

大气科学 2001年第2期25卷 200-208页

作者：宋燕季劲钧中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029

在综合分析了近几十年气候资料的基础上，揭示了本世纪６０年代的一次亚非夏季风十年尺度的突变。这次突变在地面温度场上表现为突变前亚非大陆是正距平，印度洋和西太平洋为负距平，海陆温差较强；突变后相反，海陆温差减弱。地面气压... 详细信息

在综合分析了近几十年气候资料的基础上，揭示了本世纪６０年代的一次亚非夏季风十年尺度的突变。这次突变在地面温度场上表现为突变前亚非大陆是正距平，印度洋和西太平洋为负距平，海陆温差较强；突变后相反，海陆温差减弱。地面气压出突变前亚非大陆强热低压中心转变为突变后的弱低压中心同时突变前北非和东亚夏季风增强，而突变后明显减弱。这次十年尺度的气候突变突出表现了东亚季风、印度季风和北非季风明显的变化同步性，而最显著的特征是在行星尺度的降水场上从北非撒哈拉－萨赫勒、中东、印度北部到华北干旱半干旱带上由多雨变为少雨的雨量减少带。

关键词：夏季风气候突变干旱降水场年代际震荡

Model Estimates of Global Carbon Flux between Vegetation and the Atmospherer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2001年第5期18卷 807-818页

作者：李银鹏季劲钩 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The net primary productivity (NPP) of global terrestrial vegetation is estimated by an Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM). AVIM consists of two intercoupled components: physical processes, involving water and energy transfer among soil, vegetation and the atmosphere at the land surface and eco-physiological processes, i.e. photosynthesis, respiration, dry matter allocation, littering, phenology. Globally vegetation is classified into 13 types and soil texture is classified into 6 types. The estimated NPP for different vegetation types at 1637 sites are validated with the observed data provided by EMDI. The main results of NPP estimation show that global averaged NPP is 405.13 g C m(-2)yr(-1), varying from 99.58 g C m(-2)yr(-1) (tundra) to 996.2 g m(-2)yr(-1) (rainforest). Global total annual NPP is about 60.72Gt C yr(-1), in which the maximum part, about 15.84 Gt C yr(-1), accounting for 26.09% of the total is contributed by tropical rainforest. The maximum carbon sink occurs in the temperate region of the Northern Hemisphere. The global spatial and seasonal distribution of terrestrial NPP is estimated reasonably.

关键词： carbon flux net primary productivity (NPP) terrestrial ecosystem atmosphere-vegetation interaction