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Preface for Integrated Ecosystem Assessment of Western China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2006年第1期16卷 114-115页

作者： jerry melillo The Ecosystem Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods HoleMA 02543USA

Human well-being is dependent on ecosystems. Earth＇s mosaic of ecosystems - forests, grasslands, wetlands, streams, estuaries, and oceans - when functioning naturally, provide materials, conditions, and processes that sustain all life on this planet, including human life. The benefits that all living things obtain from ecosystems are called ＂ecosystem services.＂ Some are very familiar to us, such as materials like food and timber that are essential for our lives and important parts of the global economy. What are equally important, but certainly less well recognized, are the array of services delivered by ecosystems that do not have easily assigned monetary values, but that make our lives possible. These include the purification of air and water, the decomposition of wastes, the recycling of nutrients on land and in the oceans, the pollination of crops, and the regulation of climate.

关键词： Preface for Integrated Ecosystem Assessment of Western China

Adjustment of Forest Ecosystem Root Respiration as Temperature Warms

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1467-1483页

作者： Andrew J.Burton jerry M.melillo Serita D.Frey Ecosystem Science Center Michigan Technological University School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Department of Natural Resources University of New Hampshire

Adjustment of ecosystem root respiration to warmer climatic conditions can alter the autotrophic portion of soil respiration and influence the amount of carbon available for biomass production. We examined 44 published values of annual forest root respiration and found an increase in ecosystem root respiration with increasing mean annual temperature （MAT）, but the rate of this cross-ecosystem increase （Q10 = 1.6） is less than published values for short-term responses of root respiration to temperature within ecosystems （Q10 = 2-3）. When specific root respiration rates and root biomass values were examined, there was a clear trend for decreasing root metabolic capacity （respiration rate at a standard temperature） with increasing MAT. There also were tradeoffs between root metabolic capacity and root system biomass, such that there were no instances of high growing season respiration rates and high root biomass occurring together. We also examined specific root respiration rates at three soil warming experiments at Harvard Forest, USA, and found decreases in metabolic capacity for roots from the heated plots. This decline could be due to either physiological acclimation or to the effects of co-occurring drier soils on the measurement date. Regardless of the cause, these findings clearly suggest that modeling efforts that allow root respiration to increase exponentially with temperature, with Q10 values of 2 or more, may over-predict root contributions to ecosystem CO2 efflux for future climates and underestimate the amount of C available for other uses, including net primary productivity.

关键词： acclimation climatic warming root biomass root respiration soil warming.

Interaction between pollution and climate change augments ecological risk to a coastal ecosystem

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第7期4卷 2-9页

作者： Yonglong Lu Ruoshi Wang Yajuan Shi Chao Su Jingjing Yuan Andrew C.Johnson Alan Jenkins Robert C.Ferrier Deliang Chen Hanqin Tian jerry melillo Shuai Song Aaron M.Ellison State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina cRenmin University of China BeijingChina Centre for Ecology and Hydrology OxonUK James Hutton Institute AberdeenScotlandUK Department of Earth Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA The Ecosystem Center Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA Harvard Forest Harvard UniversityWoods HoleMAUSA

Pollution and climate change are among the most challenging issues for countries with developing economies,but we know little about the ecological risks that result when these pressures occur *** explored direct effects of,and interactions between,environmental pollution and climate change on ecosystem health in the Bohai Sea region of Northern *** developed an integrated approach to assess ecological risks to this region under four scenarios of climate *** ecological risks to the system from pollution alone have been declining,interactions between pollution and climate change have enhanced ecological risks to this coastal/marine *** results suggest that current policies focused strictly on pollution control alone should be changed to take into account the interactive effects of climate change so as to better forecast and manage potential ecological risks.

关键词： Climate change environmental pollution environmental risk stressors integrated ecological risk coastal ecosystem

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《中国西部生态系统综合评估》评述二

地理学报 2006年第1期61卷 110-110页

作者： jerry melillo 岳天祥 The Ecosystem Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

是由中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所所长刘纪远研究员主编、气象出版社2006年出版的一本专著(英文简写本于2005年已由气象出版社出版).人类依赖于生态系统.地球上的各种生态系统在它们自然地发挥各自功能时,能够提供用于维持这个星球... 详细信息

是由中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所所长刘纪远研究员主编、气象出版社2006年出版的一本专著(英文简写本于2005年已由气象出版社出版).人类依赖于生态系统.地球上的各种生态系统在它们自然地发挥各自功能时,能够提供用于维持这个星球上的所有生命的各种材料、条件和过程,包括人类的生活.

关键词：生态系统系统综合中国西部评估中国科学院出版社地理科学研究员研究所气象

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活性氮与环保公共政策

AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2002年第2期31卷 150-158页

作者： jerry M.melillo Ellis B.Cowling 刘林群美国科学技术办公室环境部北卡罗莱那州立大学著名无任所大学

美国和欧洲污染治理政策的一个核心目标,是建立环境中活性氮运移的相关法规和条例。这表现在美国联邦政府的立法上(例如《清洁空气法修正案》和《清洁水法修正案》),以及联合国欧洲经济委员会的各种议定书及其《远程跨边界空气污染公约... 详细信息

美国和欧洲污染治理政策的一个核心目标,是建立环境中活性氮运移的相关法规和条例。这表现在美国联邦政府的立法上(例如《清洁空气法修正案》和《清洁水法修正案》),以及联合国欧洲经济委员会的各种议定书及其《远程跨边界空气污染公约》上。本文中我们首先回顾一下美国的这两部法规及其实施效果,并将它们与联合国欧洲经济委员会和《远程跨边界空气污染公约》主要在欧洲采用的一些方法进行对比。然后利用密西西比河流域和(或)墨西哥湾氧过少的案例研究结果,重点讨沦运用'系统分析方法'处理区域性活性氮问题的重要性。在列举了与氮治理政策有关的一些无法回答的问题后,我们在文末简要描述了在制定完善的活性氮管理政策过程中将要实施的行动计划。

关键词：活性氮环保公共政策空气污染法规

The Role of Synthetic Biology in Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Prospects and Challenges

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BioDesign Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1-8页

作者： Charles DeLisi Aristides Patrinos Michael MacCracken Dan Drell George Annas Adam Arkin George Church Robert Cook-Deegan Henry Jacoby Mary Lidstrom jerry melillo Ron Milo Keith Paustian John Reilly Richard J.Roberts Daniel Segrè Susan Solomon Dominic Woolf Stan D.Wullschleger Xiaohan Yang Department of Biomedical Engineering and Program in Bioinformatics College of EngineeringBoston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA The NOVIM Group Kohn HallUC Santa BarbaraCA 93106USA Climate Institute WashingtonDCUSA Department of Energy WashingtonDCUSA Center for Health Law Ethics&Human Rights at the Boston University School of Public HealthSchool of MedicineBoston UniversityUSA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley CAUSA Department of Genetics Harvard Medical SchoolCambridge MAUSA School for the Future of Innovation in Society Arizona State UniversityBarrett&O’Connor Washington Center1800 I StreetNWWashingtonDC 20006USA Sloan School of Management MITCambridge MAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattle WashingtonUSA The Ecosystems Center of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole MAUSA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523USA MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change MITCambridge MAUSA New England Biolabs Beverly MAUSA Department of Biology and Program in Bioinformatics Boston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMITCambridge MAUSA Soil and Crop Sciences Section School of Integrated Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthaca NYUSA Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TNUSA Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

The long atmospheric residence time of CO2 creates an urgent need to add atmospheric carbon drawdown to CO2 regulatory *** and systems biology(SSB),which enables manipulation of cellular phenotypes,offers a powerful approach to amplifying and adding new possibilities to current land management practices aimed at reducing atmospheric *** participants(in attendance:Christina Agapakis,George Annas,Adam Arkin,George Church,Robert Cook-Deegan,Charles DeLisi,Dan Drell,Sheldon Glashow,Steve Hamburg,Henry Jacoby,Henry Kelly,Mark Kon,Todd Kuiken,Mary Lidstrom,Mike MacCracken,June Medford,jerry melillo,Ron Milo,Pilar Ossorio,Ari Patrinos,Keith Paustian,Kristala Jones Prather,Kent Redford,David Resnik,John Reilly,Richard ***,Daniel Segre,Susan Solomon,Elizabeth Strychalski,Chris Voigt,Dominic Woolf,Stan Wullschleger,and Xiaohan Yang)identified a range of possibilities by which SSB might help reduce greenhouse gas concentrations and which might also contribute to environmental sustainability and *** include,among other possibilities,engineering plants to convert CO2 produced by respiration into a stable carbonate,designing plants with an increased root-to-shoot ratio,and creating plants with the ability to self-fertilize.A number of serious ecological and societal challenges must,however,be confronted and resolved before any such application can be fully assessed,realized,and deployed.

关键词： Synthetic Roberts enable